THERMOGENESIS – WEIGHT LOSS BY LPUMSUN

THERMOGENESIS - WEIGHT LOSS

BY

lPUMSUN

ask_lpumsun@yahoo.com

OBESITY
According to the latest data, nearly 66 million American adults exceed the healthy
weight range defined by the U.S. dietary guidelines. Obesity is defined simply as
an excess of body fat. Your body is made up of water, fat, proteins, carbohydrates
and various vitamins and minerals. If you have too much fat, especially if a lot of
the fat is located in your waist area, you are at higher risk for health problems,
including high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, diabetes, heart disease, and
stroke.

Obesity is now recognized as a major risk factor for coronary heart disease, which
can lead to heart attack. Some of the reasons for this higher risk are known, but
others are not. For example, obesity:

• Raises blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels

• Lowers HDL (the "good" cholesterol linked with lower risk)
• Raises blood pressure
• Can induce diabetes

Obesity is caused mainly by taking in too many calories and not getting enough
exercise. Losing excess weight is one of the best ways to reduce your risk of heart
problems and other diseases.

METABOLISM
In general we measure the metabolic process in calories. To keep the body
functioning takes from 1,200 to 3,000 calories per day - an average of 1,800.
Strenuous activity naturally requires more calories. Some football players burn
from 4,000 to 5,000 calories per day, while inactive people may use a few as 800.
Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats are the body's "fuels" and the only foods that
contain calories. Your body burns calories you ingest to perform whatever work is

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necessary to keep your body going and to perform whatever work necessary to
keep your body going and to power your muscles so you can make, even if it is
only moving a finger, uses calories, and the automatic functions of the body also
require fuel (see table below). Scientists have learned that it takes 3,500 calories
to equal a pound of fat. There are 9 calories per gram of fat and 4 calories per
gram of both carbohydrates and proteins. But there are important differences
between calories that you need to understand, and once you do understand you
will see why high protein, fats with low carb diets are popular today. A calorie
may be a calorie, but not all calories have the same beneficial effect in the body. A
raw apple, for instance, contains roughly 75 calories. Bake it, and it still basically
has 75 calories, but the vitamins, minerals, and enzymes have been destroyed by
the heat. On the other hand, if you eat the apple raw, your body must warm it to
digest it, a process that in itself requires about 7 calories. So when you consider
your caloric intake, you must think about gross calories versus net calories. Raw
foods are better because the body uses calories just to process them. Cooked foods
are rapidly digested and easily assimilated with no energy requirements, so you
wind up with more net calories.
A salad, which contains a high percentage of cellulose, requires a lot of calories
for the body to digest it, giving you fewer net calories and making salads excellent
foods for weight control. If your body burns all the calories you ingest in a day,
no excess calories will be stored. But if you consume more calories than you burn,
the body will store these as fat. If you burn an average of 2,000 calories per day,
for instance, but are eating 3,000, the extra 1,000 will be stored by your body as
fat. In a week that amounts to 7,000 extra calories - approximately 2 pounds. In a
nutshell, that's how you gain weight. If you do not eat sufficient food to provide
the calories you need for the activities you expect to engage in, however,
ultimately the body will cease to function properly, just as a car that runs out of
fuel

WATER RETENTION
If you are prone to sudden weight gain - say, three or four pounds a week or even
overnight, that weight may not all be fat. You should have to ingest 10,000
calories to gain three pounds or burn 10,000 to lose three pounds in the same
amount of time. As the process of combustion goes on inside the body, however,
water is a byproduct, and the weight you accumulate suddenly is likely to be
water. Especially if you have allergy, which creates poisons in the system, the
body will react by retaining water to dilute those poisons, and the water in turn
will add to your weight. Women in particular may not be able to lose weight in
the week prior to their menstrual periods because this is a time when water

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accumulates. They should take this into consideration when they see no progress
in weight management programs during that time.

BROWN FAT
Brown fat is a metabolically active form of fat involved with heat production. it is
involved in triglyceride metabolism, and it is activated by thyroid hormone and
appears to respond to vitamin C, zinc, and copper. While the role of brown fat is
not entirely understood, it seems to produce a hormone that promotes rapid
burning of the fuels in foods - thermogenesis. The more brown fat a person has,
the better his or her body is able to produce heat and, in turn, burn calories. Brown
fat thus becomes useful in weight control. It has been observed that those people
with little brown fat have a "freezer" metabolism. they don't burn foods well, and a
lot of what they eat turns to ordinary fat. If they don't do anything to increase their
thermogenesis, even a small number of calories - as few as 600 per day - may be
too many.
People with a lot of brown fat have a "furnace" metabolism. They burn body fuels
rapidly, and the more they consume, the more they burn, all the while maintaining
a stable weight. These people seem able to eat all kinds of foods and remain slim.
Their furnace metabolism thrives on carbohydrates. The more fuel they throw into
the system, the more they burn, just like coals on a fire. Carbohydrates are
thermogenis substances, (no matter what these high protein and low carbs diet
states). You may have noted, in fact, that if you go out for a big meal at night and
sit down afterward in a coat or sweater, you feel warmer than you normally would.
this is because your body is burning the foods you have eaten and is producing
heat. Those with a freezer metabolism won't notice this phenomenon because their
bodies not burning the fuels as they should. This can be the reason why some can
lose weight on the high protein and low carb diets, while others can't.
Genetics seems to play a role in how the body handles brown fat. At autopsy every
individual is found to have minutes deposits of brown fat around the kidneys and
the main artery out of the heart. But there are ways to change the percentage of
brown fat in the body. Although most people normally do not advocate caffeine as
a healthful food, research suggests that caffeine stimulates brown fat by increasing
the metabolic rate. Caffeine, however, does other things that are not as positive. It
can cause heart palpitations (specially in high amounts), and steals some of the
vitamins in the body, such as C and B. Increasing multi-vitamins is helpful with
any caffeine supplement. A other way to increase brown fat metabolism is to
exercise - specifically, to engage in aerobic exercise that uses oxygen. To be
effective this exercise must raise the pulse rate from a resting level of about 70 up
to 120 or so. Such exercise as brisk walking increases the thermogenic effect of
brown fat by about 4 percent, and that's an encouraging amount. a half-hour of

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vigorous walking four times a week can be very rewarding from a metabolic
standpoint. Other effective forms of aerobic exercise are running, bicycling,
swimming, jumping rope, and rowing. Non-caffeine supplements such as fatty
acids also improve brown fat metabolism. On the other hand, too much sodium in
the diet can deactivate the brown fat and promote water retention with consequent
weight gain.

METABOLIC SET POINT

When a person has maintained a particular weight for a long time, there seems to
be some latitude in eating that is not present for a person who has recently lost 20
to 30 pounds. This appears to be explained by the theory of metabolic set point, or
the weight at which the body maintains homeostasis or balance. It seems to be
determined by the ability of the body to burn fuels and the general level of
metabolic fitness. When the metabolic set point and the actual weight are the
same, balance prevails. Dieting, particularly fasting or a crash diet, disrupts this
balance. If weight is lost very rapidly - say, 170 pounds down to 130 pounds in six
weeks - the set point may still be up around 160 or so, creating a tremendous
tension between actual weight and set point. There is a tendency for the weight to
be drawn back up again to restore balance, even though eating is minimal. That
explains the discouragement that many dieters experience as they reach plateaus
where they seem hung up for long periods of time. I never suggest rapid weight
loss without preparing him or her for frustration, hardship, and disappointment,
and I do not advocate more than a two-pound weight loss pre week. By bringing
weight down slowly, the metabolic set point has a chance to adjust, and a quick
return of the excess weight is not as likely. A slow weight loss, with concurrent
change in lifestyle and eating habits, is the only way for fundamental and lasting
weight maintenance.

EATING PATTERNS
Before you can begin an effective weight loss program, you must become aware of
your eating patterns and how they are contributing to your program. I like to use
feedlot cattle as a example of eating patterns. The principles behind feedlots are
confinement, restriction, and feed. For cattle that means, specifically, corn. Grains,
including corn, are energy foods. In confinement, feedlot animals do not burn the
energy from these foods, and it becomes fat. In this unnatural setting the animals
lose their sense of satisfaction, and they eat and eat. They become riddled with fat
in the form of marbling distributed throughout the muscle. If left to pasture

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normally, however, they graze, walk around, chew their cubs, eat what they need,
and leave the rest alone, and their meat is not fatty.
Many housewives suffer from a similar "feedlot syndrome." confined with small
children (or their lack of incentive to exercise), they establish a similar pattern and
gain weight. So do many people who work in offices. They load up on
carbohydrates that turn to fat. I'm not knocking carbohydrates per se; they are
necessary to the body's proper function. But problems can result when too many
carbohydrates and carbohydrates of the wrong kind are eaten. A good ratio of
simple to complex carbohydrates is 20 percent of the former and 80 percent of the
latter. It is important to look at the kind of foods you are eating. Although popular
wisdom holds that fruits make a good dieter's snack, the truth is that most fruits
contain relatively simple sugars. (Apples have complex sugars because of the
pectin they contain.) Fruit juices especially are primarily simple sugars; vegetable
juices are much better. Whole fruits and vegetables may take 20 to 30 minutes to
digest, but with juicing their cellulose is lost, and the body no longer has to work
to digest it. Liquids, by their very nature, also spend a very short transit time in the
stomach, often going right on to the intestine within 15 minutes. Juices are,
nevertheless, better than soda pop, which contains a lot of sugar and also is high in
phosphates that may damage the body, competing with calcium. And fruits and
vegetables generally do make better snacks for the dieter that cookies, cakes, and
bread.

HYPOGLYCEMIA
There's been a lot of talk about hypoglycemia and the effects it can have on those
who suffer from the condition. If you are trying to lose weight, hypoglycemia can
interfere dramatically with your efforts. Put simply, if you are hypoglycemic, you
can't afford to eat foods that are high in carbohydrates and/or sugar. Hypoglycemic
are usually fast oxidizers, and when they eat simple carbohydrates their blood
sugar skyrockets, triggering a release of insulin, which then brings the blood sugar
precipitously below normal level, inducing overwhelming hunger. that hunger
then prompts them to eat more carbohydrates, which perpetuates the cycle. And
where does the sugar go when it disappears like that? It is converted to fat and
stored in the body. Hypoglycemia's who eat inappropriate for their metabolism
spend their lives trying to satisfy their hunger by continuing the up-down
sequence of blood sugar, feeling tired and irritable between sugar snacks. And, of
course, gaining weight as the fat builds up. Not everyone becomes a victim of this
cycle, but it is not a smart way for any of us to eat. Anybody who eats many of the
so called junk foods will eventually get into trouble from the imbalances they
provoke. One capsule 3 times a day with meals of 200 mcg Chromium
Polynicolinate is very helpful with Hypoglycemic and craving of sugar.

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WHAT IS THERMOGENESIS?
Thermogenesis is the process by which the body generates heat, or energy, by
increasing the metabolic rate above normal. This rise in metabolic rate is referred
to as the thermogenic effect, thermogenic response, or specific dynamic action
(SDA). Thermogenesis is activated by a few different mechanisms, including
supplements, nutrition, exercise, and exposure to cold.
Among the nutritional activators, the various macronutrients have different effects
on the thermogenic response. When you ingest food, your metabolic rate increases
above the fasting level. In the case of protein, energy to process the protein, which
is then used for tissue growth and repair. On the other hand, carbohydrates and fat
function primarily as fuel and are used more efficiently as such by the body.
Carbohydrates and fat therefore have a much lower thermogenic effect than
protein.

MOVE IT AND LOSE IT! BURN OFF BODY FAT!

So you're feeling a little blah, a little overweight, and you're looking to drop a few
of those winter pounds gained during the colder months. Maybe you've dabbled
with diets and jogged around the neighborhood a few times but you're still packing
unsightly bulges. If so, you may be considering the idea of turning to supplements
to help you drop those pounds.
Well, two types of diet supplements now generally available, combined with a diet
and exercise program, may be able to help you trim those stubborn pounds. The
first type of supplement, called thermogensis, which include ephedra, caffeine and
salicin (derived from willow bark), boost your metabolic rate, causing your body
to burn calories faster plus curb the appetite. The second class, lipotropic
substances, aid the body in fat mobilization, causing greater utilization of stored
fat. These products include chromium, carnitine and hydroxycitric acid (HCA).
Both classes of supplements have been around in various forms for quite a while
but are now enjoying greater popularity among dieters. Trying to cope with a
weight problem is a dilemma expanding throughout modern society. According to
a 1995 Harris poll, nearly 75% of Americans are overweight. Although it's well
known that the way to lose weight is to expend more calories than you take in,
supplements may be able to help you burn off extra calories.

THERMOGENESIS SUPPLEMENTS AND YOU

Metabolic optimizers are supposed to aid weight loss through a process called
thermogenesis. Thermogenesis is a natural process in which fat is burned to

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produce body heat. Fat that isn't burned is stored on the hips, thighs, stomach, etc.
Thermogenic agents are designed to counteract your body's fat storage
mechanisms by causing your body to maintain a higher metabolic rate-turning
your internal thermostat up to burn fat faster. The thermogenic process can be
jump-started by a number of factors including cold, exercise, food and dietary
supplements. With thousands of thermogenic supplements on the market today, it
can become very confusing. Most thermogensis products can and will content the
same ingredients, just in different mg. Remember, thermogensis will not only
increase the metabolism, but are stimulates. The success for weight loss is to find a
thermognic product that is strong enought to curb your appetite, speeds up the
metabolism so you will burn more calories, create heat so you burn more fat, but
will not give you the unwanted side effects such as: jitteriness, nervousness, or
heart palpitations. Higher dosage does not mean faster weight loss, just more side
effects. Always remember these three cautions: 1) drink more water (because of
the heat factor), 2) do not skip meals (because of the low blood sugar), and 3) do
not take late at night (because them will keep you awake)
With so many thermogensis and weight loss supplements to choose from, which
one is the right one for you? Below I did a breakdown of difference ingredients
that will help. Also I design a number rating that will help you choose the right
weight loss. Remember: Stimulates burns calories, but also increases heart rate
and blood pressure. Caffeine suppresses the appetite, but also increases nervous,
mood swings and tension.

THERMOGENESIS NUTRIENTS
GUARANA
Most of the scientific evidence on caffeine as a general stimulant and an aid to
exercise performance shows convincingly that caffeine is effective. Consuming 3
to 6 mg of caffeine per kilogram (2.2 lbs) of body weight (about 350mg for an
average sized man or 250mg for a woman) approximately 1 hour before exercise
improves endurance performance without raising urinary caffeine levels above the
International Olympic Committee’s (IOC) doping threshold. To reach that level,
you’d need to take in about 800 mg of caffeine, which is about the amount found
in 8 cups of coffee or 18 cans of Coke.
As a weight loss aid, however, although caffeine may suppress appetite somewhat
at high levels, on its own it does not seem to be a very effective supplement for
increasing calorie expenditure (thermogenesis). When combined with other
stimulant-type supplements such as Ma Huang (Ephedra), however, it appears that
caffeine can “extend” the duration of action of Ephedra in suppressing appetite
and increasing caloric expenditure (although it may also increase the risk of
adverse side effects associated with Ephedra and caffeine).

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A popular combination of supplement ingredients for weight loss is often referred

o as the “ECA stack” – shorthand for Ephedra/Caffeine/Aspirin. There are several
“natural” forms of each of these compounds; Ephedra as Ma Huang and Sida
cordifolia, Caffeine as Guarana, Mate and Kola nut, Aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid
and other salicylates) as White Willow bark. The ECA combination appears to be
more effective in promoting weight loss than any of the individual ingredients on
their own.
For example, about 150mg of ephedrine per day can increase metabolic rate by 3-
5% over a 24-hour period, whereas a lower dose of ephedrine (60mg/day)
increases daily caloric expenditure by nearly 8% when combined with caffeine
(200-400mg/day) and aspirin (80-160mg/day of salicin).

EPHEDRA (MA HUANG)

The ephedra herb, also known as ma huang is one of nature's earliest medicines,
known for over 5000 years to the Chinese, who used it to relieve allergies,
coughing, wheezing and cold and flu symptoms. In the US, ephedra has been
available since the 1800s. The ingredients in ephedra include the alkaloids
ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and norephedrine. Concentrated forms of these
substances are used in today's over-the-counter cold, allergy and asthma relief
formulas. Ma huang's effectiveness as a weight loss aid is tied to its appetite
suppressant and stimulant properties. By speeding up action of the thyroid gland,
the ephedrine found in the herb acts a thermogenic agent, boosting the rate at
which the body metabolizes fat and promoting weight loss. According to Mark
Blumenthal, Executive Director of the American Botanical Council, "When used
as part of a total package that includes diet modification and exercise, ma huang
can be highly effective in the short run because it increases the speed of the body's
metabolism and suppresses appetite." Because of their strong stimulant effect,
ephedra and its derivatives have engendered some controversy. However, in its
long history, billions of doses of ephedra have been consumed without problem.
But ephedra supplements should only be used as directed on product labels.
People with cardiovascular problems, diabetes, thyroid or prostate dysfunction,
high blood pressure and those taking MAO inhibitors, pregnant or nursing should
avoid this herb. Research Ma Huang is a high thermogensis product. High
amounts of this supplement can causes high pressure, heart palpitations, the
shakes, nerviness, and slow blood sugar. Never follow the recommended dosage
on the bottle. Each person will have a different tolerance to stimulates. Start off
with a slow stimulating product and build your way up. Use my number plan to
help guide you on the strength of the stimulation of weight loss products.

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SYNEPHRINE
The "active" compound found in the fruit of a plant called Citrus aurantium. The
fruit is also known as zhi shi (in traditional Chinese medicine), and as green
orange, sour orange and bitter orange in other parts of the world. Synephrine is
chemically very similar to the ephedrine and pseudo-ephedrine found in many
OTC cold/allergy medications and in a number of weight loss and energy
supplements which contain Ma Huang. Synephrine products are a mild
thermogensis and will have less side effects than Ma Huang base products.

SALICIN
Salicin, a substance derived from willow bark-which is also the original source for
aspirin, a related compound-can boost the burning of fat when combined with
ephedra. An animal study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that
while ephedra boosted calorie burning by almost 10%, when ephedra was
combined with aspirin, extra calorie burning just about doubled. Another study in
the International Journal of Obesity showed that when overweight women took
aspirin and ephedrine during a meal, their bodies burned off more calories than
normal. (Eating a meal produces a thermogenic effect as your body expends
energy in digestion. That's why dieters are told not to skip meals. Skipping meals
lowers your metabolic rate, decreasing your calorie expenditure.) Similar studies
also show that caffeine, the stimulant that gives coffee its eye-opening kick, can
also boost ephedra's thermogenic properties. But before using these combinations
check with a health practitioner knowledgeable about nutrition. Aspirin or salicin
may cause stomach upset in some people (although salicin is generally tolerated
well.)

NON- STIMUALINT FAT BURNER

CARNITINE (AMINO ACID)
To get carnitine into your system, you don't have to take it as a supplement. Your
body already makes this vitamin-like substance. However, your body doesn't make
that much. And it is said to be especially low in people with heart disease. This
non-essential amino acid (said to be non-essential because human bodies produce
it) is a key ingredient in the formation of mitochondria membranes. Mitochondria
are tiny structures in your cells that burn fats for energy. Consequently, sufficient
carnitine is necessary for the movement of fat into the mitochondria where it is
consumed. When not enough carnitine is present, the breakdown of long chain
fatty acids slows down. Said to improve the recovery rate for athletes (it may limit
the production of lactic acid, a waste product in muscle tissue), carnitine can also
lower cholesterol levels, boost levels of HDL (the good cholesterol) and decrease
serum triglycerides (blood fats linked to heart disease). Not bad for a nutrient that
coaxes fat into those teeny, cellular, mitochondria furnaces. Research

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LIPOTROPIC
A lipotropic nutrient is one that promotes or encourages the export of fat from the
liver. Lipotropics are necessary for the maintenance of a healthy liver as well as
burning the exported fat for additional energy. Without lipotropics such as choline
and inositol, fats and bile can become trapped in the liver, causing severe
problems such as cirrhosis and blocking fat metabolism. Choline is essential for
fat metabolism. Choline functions as a methyl donor and it is required for proper
liver function. Like inositol, choline is a lipotropic. Inositol exerts lipotropic
effects as well. An "unofficial" member of the B vitamins, inositol has even been
shown to relieve depression and panic attacks.

CHROMIUM
Chromium-based supplements work as lipotropic agents by aiding insulin use in
the body. This essential trace mineral is required for normal protein, fat, and
carbohydrate metabolism. According to Dr. Michael Janson, author of The
Vitamin Revolution in Healthcare and President of the American Preventive
Medical Association (APMA), "Chromium is important for proper insulin activity.
Insulin moves sugar into the muscle cells, where it is burned off as energy.
Chromium improves the activity of insulin, and since insulin causes fat deposition,
less of it means less fat deposition." Chromium has also been shown to build
muscle tissue and to reduce LDL cholesterol, which has been linked to heart
disease. Although the body's minimum requirement is low, the American diet
tends to be deficient in chromium, in part because the mineral can be difficult for
the body to absorb. The fact that, in nature, chromium is most powerfully
concentrated in brewer's yeast, wheat germ and liver-items most Americans rarely
eat-probably hasn't helped either. Other natural sources of chromium include
whole grains, molasses and beef. But it is estimated that 50% of Americans are
chromium deficient. An early study found that overweight adults taking a
chromium supplement lost an average of 22% body fat, while maintaining or
gaining lean body mass. In another study, athletes consuming 200 mcg. of
chromium a day showed an average loss of 7.5 lbs. of body fat after six weeks,
without a corresponding loss of muscle tissue. Overall, although some studies
question chromium's precise effects, many experts are optimistic about this
substance because of its relationship to insulin in the body's metabolism

HYDROXYCITRIC ACID (HCA)

Another possible addition to the dieter's arsenal is HCA. In nature, HCA appears
chiefly in a fruit called garcinia cambogia (sometimes also called Malabar
tamarind or brindall berry), a citrus plant found primarily in Asia, where the rind is
often used as a flavoring agent. HCA works by inhibiting the enzyme in the body
responsible for converting carbohydrates into fat. HCA causes calories to be

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burned in an energy cycle similar to thermogenesis and acts as somewhat of an

appetite suppressant. HCA is also said to have a role in reducing triglycerides and
LDL cholesterol levels. Several animal studies have shown that HCA caused
significant weight loss without a reduction in lean body mass. In other words, the
pounds that came off came out of fat stores, and not out of energy or muscle
reserves. This means that HCA takes off not just weight but body fat, making it a
potentially effective tool against weight regain. HCA can be a helpful aid for
dieters when used in combination with eating habit changes and exercise. He
recommends an HCA and chromium blend for optimum appetite suppression. This
combination can keep the appetite down and reduce sugar cravings. Although
human research data on HCA is still in the preliminary stages, the animal study
results are positive, and the supplement seems to have minimal side effects in most
people.

MEDICAL FACT
There is, however, some interesting science behind "thermogenic" type products.
First, The International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders and
the medical journal Metabolism recently carried two separate articles detailing
different but very much closely related studies on "thermogenesis." Both studies
reported independent, positive results using a combination of the common over the
counter products, Ephedrine (20 mg.) and Caffeine (200 mg.). The studies found
that these two widely used products when taken in combination with each other
produced beta 2-agonistic properties. More specifically, they reported a
pronounced increase in glucose metabolism, an increase in insulin production and
an increase in fat oxidation. The over-all effect was a large increase in energy
expenditure and a dramatic decrease in body fat.

Interestingly, one study monitored the effect of this compound on diastolic blood
pressure and found no increase. Logically, however, one would expect to see
temporary increased feelings of agitation after beginning this regime and perhaps a
decrease in appetite.

A second product shown scientifically to increase "thermogenesis" is an extract of

the Wild Yam, more specifically the Dioscorea Villosa tuber. This natural plant
extract has been shown to raise body core temperature through it's ability to
naturally increase production of the hormone Progesterone. This, in turn, increases
core temperature and aids fat metabolism. Interestingly, medical research is also
underway looking at the effects of this plant on lowering the negative side effects
seen during menopause and on it's ability to help supress the growth of tumor
cells.

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There are no negative side effects seen from use of Wild Yam extract and none of
the increased feelings of energy and agitation commonly found with the use of
Ephedrine and Caffeine. There might, however, be a slight increase in sweating.

WATER-INDUCED THERMOGENESIS

Drinking lots of water is commonly espoused in weight loss regimens and is

regarded as healthy; however, few systematic studies address this notion. In 14
healthy, normal-weight subjects (seven men and seven women), we assessed the
effect of drinking 500 ml of water on energy expenditure and substrate oxidation
rates by using whole-room indirect calorimetry. The effect of water drinking on
adipose tissue metabolism was assessed with the microdialysis technique.
Drinking 500 ml of water increased metabolic rate by 30%. The increase occurred
within 10 min and reached a maximum after 30-40 min.
The total thermogenic response was about 100 kJ. About 40% of the thermogenic
effect originated from warming the water from 22 to 37 C. In men, lipids mainly
fueled the increase in metabolic rate. In contrast, in women carbohydrates were
mainly used as the energy source. The increase in energy expenditure with water
was diminished with systemic beta-adrenoreceptor blockade. Thus, drinking 2
liters of water per day would augment energy expenditure by approximately 400
kJ. Therefore, the thermogenic effect of water should be considered when
estimating energy expenditure, particularly during weight loss programs.

THERMOGENESIS IN ACTION
Thermogenesis really has to do with energy. The concept is pretty well accepted
that energy is neither created nor destroyed. Energy is transformed, converted,
transported, and stored. In the human body it is the same way. Our energy comes
into our body as food that we eat. Everyone knows the measure of the energy is in
calories. A calorie is the amount of heat needed to heat one gram of water one
degree Celsius. Calories are the energy stored in food. As we take it into the body,
energy is either transformed or stored.

As it goes through the system, some energy leaves the body as fecal energy. That
energy can not be counted. Other energy is lost through the urinary system. What
is not lost in these two ways is available for metabolism. One of the biggest energy
expenditures in the human body is thermic (heat) energy. Thermic energy
differentiates an endoderm (mammal), which humans are, from an ectoderm
(reptile). The endoderm's basal metabolism is 8 to 10 times higher than for an
ectoderm. So tremendous amounts of the energy that we use is for thermic energy.

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That which is not used for thermic energy is then available as net energy for the
body's cellular reproduction, growth (especially in children), work (muscle
movement), and storage. We all know the common storage form is fat.

Thermogenesis means the creation of heat. There are three types of thermogenesis.
The first kind is work-induced from exercise. It is necessary for our muscles to
create heat because warm muscles work much more effectively than cold muscles.
The next form is called thermo-regulatory thermogenesis. This is involved with
keeping the temperature of the human body regulated. The average body
temperature is 98.7 degrees (F), which is quite a bit higher than the ambient
(surrounding) temperature in most cases. There are two types of thermo-regulatory
thermogenesis: shivering and non-shivering. Shivering helps the body create heat.
The skeletal muscles create the shivering. There's a little muscle on each hair that
helps to create a better blanket for us. The shivering heats up the body. The non-
shivering thermogenesis fits into the third classification, which is called diet-
induced thermogenesis.

When you eat a large meal, you start to get hot and sweaty. You might have to
loosen your tie, or other clothing. That's called diet-induced thermogenesis. That
comes into play mostly because we're going to need more energy to digest this
food that we're eating. There are centers in the body that can measure this. So, we
go to non-shivering and diet-induced thermogenesis. The main organ responsible
for this mechanism in humans as well as other mammals is the brown fat tissue.
This diet-induced thermogenesis is very important in animals that hibernate, such
as bears, or small animals with a very large surface area compared to body weight.
Brown adipose tissue is also very prevalent in newborn babies, who exhibit
tremendous amounts of non-shivering thermogenesis to regulate their body
temperature. As we grow older, this system depletes a little bit, but it stays with
us.

It's also important to know that the brown fat (adipose tissue) is located around
blood vessels and major organs. When it is triggered into activity, it causes the
warming of the blood and then the warm blood can be circulated throughout the
body to spread this warmth.

The thermogenic system of the body is fascinating. It is triggered by the

sympathetic nervous system. Under conditions of cold or eating a lot of food, the
hypothalamus gland can register this and then trigger the sympathetic nervous
system, which is an automatic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system
controls many things, such as heartbeat and breathing, which we are not normally
conscious of. The autonomic (automatic) nervous system uses up energy all the
time.

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In the area where the nerves transmit altogether, there is a chemical transmitter
called neuroepinephrine. The triggering of the sympathetic nervous system causes
neuroepinephrine to be released from the synapse and accepted by the receptors on
the other side. So this happens in the sympathetic nervous system: a release of
neuroepinephrine from the one dendrite across the synapse and activate a nerve
impulse.

This then turns up the thermogenesis as well as other activities generated by the
nervous system. It's important to note that thermogenesis is one of the very
important parts that uses up energy as this is happening. It's kind of turning up the
thermostat on the body. We all have a basal metabolism which can be measured
by a doctor or scientist and tells us how much activity or energy is consumed just
by running our body. By using the Power Program, we can turn up the thermostat.

I have experienced weight loss on the program, but I've also experienced a
sweating. This is because of the thermogenesis. I have talked to quite a few people
who say they have experienced an increase in sweating. If we turn up the
thermostat, we're causing more of the energy we take in to go into thermogenesis
as well as other areas of the sympathetic system, so less of the energy is used in
work and less is used for storage and less goes to fat. The brown fat is activated,
and it calls into service the white cells, which are the primary storage of fat in the
body.

Although we have a consistent number of fat cells, the size can vary tremendously.
The number remains the same, but the size changes.

Interestingly enough, one of the consequences of thermogenesis is a loss of

appetite. If I'm not as hungry, I'm not going to eat as much. The same thing for
exercise; when the thermostat is turned up, the metabolism is up, and I'll feel more
energy. So, when people feel they have more energy, they will be able to do more,
which will also help them to utilize fat.

The brown fat cell is unique in its mitochondria. The mitochondria are the energy
source, or power plant. In the brown fat cell, the unique mitochondria help it
create energy. The brown fat cell is a real energy burner and really burns h eat. Part
of the problem of human obesity has very little to do with eating habits as much as
it does with brown fat cell deterioration.

They have and are now conducting studies on human obesity. They are
speculating that part of the problem with human obesity lies in the amount of
adipose tissue activity. They've done studies with people as far as foods eaten and
energy produced in lean and obese people and has found a difference in the
amount of brown fat activity. Post-obese people still have a deficiency in the

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brown fat system. So it must either be rebuilt or they must always be careful about
their diet.

Weight loss seems to be the normal experience with the Power Program. There are
other things. Another thing that might happen is a slight increase in heart rate and
heat. Some people have said they may have started too abruptly. We should
understand that if someone starts to feel a bit light-headed, they should just back
down a bit.

SOME OVERALL RECOMMENDATIONS

You are likely to lose weight faster if you eat sensibly. This means avoiding foods
high in fat or sugar (which are the most likely to add to stored body fat), but it
doesn't mean starving yourself. A sensible balanced diet, along with moderate
exercise, is still the best prescription for weight loss. No one is suggesting that
dietary supplements are a miracle cure for being overweight-as always in self-
health care, there are no magic wands. But, used as directed and combined with a
good diet and exercise plan, you could find that these supplements might help you
work your way to a slimmer you.

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