1.

Takat lebur dan takat beku naftalena / Melting and freezing point of Naphthalene

AMALI SPM / 2022 / SHNG 2

(a) Rekod suhu dan keadaan naftalenapada sela masa setengah minit dalam Jadual 1.
Record the temperature and state of naphthalene at half-minute intervals in Table 1.

Masa (min) 0. 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3. 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5. 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0
Time (min) 0 0 5
Suhu (°C)
Temperatur
e (°C)
Keadaan
State

Masa (min) 0. 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3. 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5. 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0
Time (min) 0 0 5
Suhu (°C)
Temperatur
e (°C)
Keadaan
State

[6 markah / 6 marks]
(b) Lukis graf suhu melawan masa bagi penyejukan naftalena, C 10H8 pada kertas graf.
Draw a graph of temperature against time for the cooling of naphthalene, C 10H8 on graph paper.
[3 markah / 3 marks]

(c) Pada graf anda, tandakan takat beku naftalena.

On your graph paper, mark the freezing point of naphthalene.
[1 markah / 1 mark]

(d) Terangkan sebab suhu tidak berubah ketika dalam lengkung penyejukan.
Explain why the temperature remains constant for some time in cooling curves.
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[3 markah / 3 marks]
(e) Mengapakah tabung didih itu diletakkan di dalam kelalang kon itu semasa penyejukan?
Why was the boiling tube placed in the conical flask during the cooling?
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[3 markah / 3 marks]

AMALI SPM / 2022 / SHNG 3

 2. Formula empirik magnesium oksida (MgO) / Empirical Formula of magenium oxide (MgO)

(a) Rekod jisim tetap yang diperoleh dalam Jadual 1.

Record the constant mass obtained in Table 1.

Penerangan / Descriptions Jisim (g) / Mass (g)

Jisim mangkuk pijar + Penutup
Mass of crucicle + Lid
Jisim mangkuk pijar + Penutup + Pita magnesium
Mass of crucicle + Lid + Magnesium ribbon
Jisim mangkuk pijar + Penutup + Magnesium oksida
Mass of crucicle + Lid + Magnesium oxide
Jadual 1 / Table 1

[ 3 markah / 3 marks]

AMALI SPM / 2022 / SHNG 4

 (b) Lengkapkan Jadual 2 dengan menyatakan pemerhatian dan inferens yang berkaitan untuk eksperimen
tersebut.
Complete Jadual 2 by stating the observations and related inferences for this experiment.

Pemerhatian / Observation Inferens / Inferences

(i) Panambahan jisim mangkuk pijar bersama (i) ____________________________________

penutup dan kandungannya selepas
pemanasan. ____________________________________
Increase in the mass of crucicle with its lid
and the contents after heating.

(ii) ____________________________________ (ii) ____________________________________

____________________________________ ____________________________________

Jadual 2 / Table 2

[ 3 markah / 3 marks]
(c) Tentukan formula empirik magnesium oksida. [Jisim atom relatif: Mg=24, O=16]
Determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. [Relative atomic mass: Mg=24, O=16]

[ 3 markah / 3 marks]
(d) Mengapakah penutup mangkuk pijar diangkat sedikit dari semasa ke semasa semasa pemanasan itu?
Why was the crucible lid lifted slightly from time to time during heating?
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[ 3 markah / 3 marks]

(e) Mengapakah mangkuk pijar ditutup dengan penutup sebaik sahaja magnesium itu mula terbakar?
Why was the crucible covered with lid as soon as the magnesium started burning?
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[ 3 markah / 3 marks]

AMALI SPM / 2022 / SHNG 5

 3. Tindak balas antara unsur Kumpulan 1 dengan air /
Reaction of Group 1 elements with water

Anda dikehendaki menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji sifat-sifat kimia unsur-unsur
Kumpulan 1 melalui tindak balas dengan air.
You are required to carry out an experiment to study the chemical properties of Group 1 elements through their
reaction with water.

Jalankan eksperimen dengan menggunakan Langkah-langkah dibawah:

Carry out the experiment by using the steps below:

Berdasarkan eksperimen yang dijalankan:

Based on the experiment conducted:

AMALI SPM / 2022 / SHNG 6

(b) Lengkapkan Jadual 1 dengan semua pemerhatian.
Complete Table 1 with all your observations.

Unsur / Element Pemerhatian / Observation

Litium / Lithium

Natrium / Sodium

Kalium / Potassium

[ 3 markah / marks]

(c) Nyatakan satu hipotesis untuk eksperimen ini.

State one hypothesis for this experiment.
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[2 markah / marks]

(d) Nyatakan inferens berdasarkan perubahan warna kertas litmus merah.

State the inference based on the changes in colour of red litmus paper.
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
[2 markah / marks]

(e) Bandingkan kereaktifan litium, natrium dan kalium di dalam air.

Compare the reactivity of lithium, sodium and potassium in water.
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[1 markah / mark]

(f) Terangkan jawapan anda di (e) berdasarkan saiz atom.

Explain your answer in (e) in terms of atomic size.
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[3 markah / marks]

(g) Namakan gas tidak berwarna yang terbebas semasa tindak balas.
Name the colourless gas released during the reaction.
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[1 markah / mark]
AMALI SPM / 2022 / SHNG 7
 4. Sifat kimia oksida unsur Kala 3 / Properties of oxides of elements of Period 3
Anda dikehendaki menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji sifat-sifat oksida bagi unsur Kala 3.
You are required to carry out an experiment to study the chemical properties of oxides of Period 3 elements.

Jalankan eksperimen dengan menggunakan langkah-langkah dibawah:

Carry out the experiment by using the steps below:

Berdasarkan eksperimen yang dijalankan:

Based on the experiment conducted:
(a) Lengkapkan Jadual 1 dengan semua pemerhatian.
Complete Table 1 with all your observations.

Pemerhatian / Observation
Tindak balas dengan asid Tindak balas dengan larutan
Unsur / Element nitrik, HNO3 natrium hydroksida, NaOH
Reaction with nitric acid, HNO3 Reaction with sodium hydroxide
solution, NaOH

Magnesium oksida, MgO

Magnesium oxide, MgO

Aluminium oksida, Al2O3

Aluminium oxide, Al2O3

Silikon (IV) oksida, SiO2

Silicone (IV) oxide, SiO2

Jadual 1 / Table 1
[ 3 markah / marks]

AMALI SPM / 2022 / SHNG 8

(b)

(c) Nyatakan satu hipotesis untuk eksperimen ini.

State one hypothesis for this experiment.
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
[2 markah / marks]

(d) Nyatakan inferens berdasarkan tindak balas Aluminium oksida, Al2O3 dengan asid nitrik dan
natrium hydroksida.
State the inference based on the reaction of Aluminium oxide , Al2O3 with nitric acid and sodium hydroxide
solution.
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______________________________________________________________________________________
[2 markah / marks]

(e) Apakah peranan setiap bahan yang berikut dalam eksperimen ini?
What is the role of each of the following substances in the experiment?
(i) Acid nitrik
Nitric acid
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(ii) Larutan natrium hydroksida
Sodium hydroxide solution
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[2 markah / marks]

(f) Lengkapkan Jadual 2 dengan perkataan ‘berasid’, ‘berbes’ dan ‘amfoterik’.

Complete Table 2 with the words ‘acidic’ , ‘basic’ and ‘amphoteric’.

Oksida Unsur Kala 3

Oxides of elements in MgO Al2O3 SiO2
Period 3
Sifat oksida
Properties of oxides

AMALI SPM / 2022 / SHNG 9

 [ 3 markah / marks]

5. Pentitratan Asid-bes / Acid-base Titration

AMALI SPM / 2022 / SHNG 10

AMALI SPM / 2022 / SHNG 11
AMALI SPM / 2022 / SHNG 12
AMALI SPM / 2022 / SHNG 13
 6. Ujian bagi Kation dalam Larutan Akueus /
Tests for Cations in Aqueous Solutions

Anda dikehendaki menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk menguji kehadiran kation dalam larutan akueus.
You are required to carry out an experiment to test for the presence of cations in aqueous solutions.

Jalankan eksperimen dengan menggunakan Langkah-langkah dibawah:

Carry out the experiment by using the steps below:

A. Ujian bagi kation dengan menggunakan larutan natrium hidroksida, NaOH

Test for cations using sodium hydroxide, NaOH solution
1. Tuangkan 2 cm3 larutan A ke dalam sebuah tabung uji.
Pour 2 cm3 of Solution A into a test tube.
2. Tambah beberapa titik larutan natrium hidroksida, NaOH ke dalam tabung uji itu dengan
menggunakan penitis. Goncangkan dengan sekata.
Add a few drops of sodium hydroxide, NaOH solution into the test tube using a dropper. Shake well.
3. Permehatikan sama ada mendakan terbentuk dan rekodkan warnanya.
Observe whether a precipitate is produced and record its colour.
4. Jika mendakan terbentuk, terus tambahkan larutan larutan natrium hidroksida, NaOH secara
berlebihan sehingga tiada perubahan lagi. Goncangkan dengan sekata.
If a precipitate is formed, continue adding sodium hydroxide, NaOH solution until no further
change occurs. Shake well.
5. Permehatikan sama ada mendakan terlarut dalam larutan larutan natrium hidroksida, NaOH
berlebihan dan rekodkan pemerhatian anda.
Observe whether the precipitate dissolves in excess sodium hydroxide, NaOH solution. Record your
observations.
6. Ulang langkah 1 hingga 5 dengan menggunakan larutan B, C, D dan E untuk menggantikan
larutan A.
Repeat steps 1 to 5 using Solution B, C, D and E to replace Solution A.

B. Ujian bagi kation dengan menggunakan larutan ammonia, NH3

Test for cations using ammonia, NH3 solution
1. Ulang aktiviti A dengan menggunakan larutan ammonia, NH3 untuk menggantikan larutan
natrium hidroksida, NaOH.
Repeat activity A using ammonia, NH3 solution to replace sodium hydroxide, NaOH solution.
2. Rekodkan pemerhatian anda.
Record your observations.

AMALI SPM / 2022 / SHNG 14

Berdasarkan eksperimen yang dijalankan:
Based on the experiment conducted:

(a) Lengkapkan Jadual 1 dengan semua pemerhatian.

Complete Table 1 with all your observations.

Kation dalam Pemerhatian / Observation

larutan akueus Sedikit NaOH NaOH berlebihan Sedikit NH3 NH3 berlebihan
Cation in aqueous
solution
A little NaOH Excess NaOH A little NH3 Excess NH3

Larutan A
Solution A

Larutan B
Solution B

Larutan C
Solution C

Larutan D
Solution D

Larutan E
Solution E

[ 10 markah / marks]

(b) Identiti kation dalam Larutan A, B, C, D dan E.

Identify cations in Solution A, B, C, D and E.

Larutan Kation
Solution Cation
A

AMALI SPM / 2022 / SHNG 15

 [5 markah / marks]

7. Faktor-faktor mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas (Suhu) /

Factors that affecting rate of reaction (Temperature)

AMALI SPM / 2022 / SHNG 16

AMALI SPM / 2022 / SHNG 17
AMALI SPM / 2022 / SHNG 18
AMALI SPM / 2022 / SHNG 19