Presentation by J.

Majumder
COUR8E OBJECTVE COUR8E OBJECTVE
The basic principIe of Synchronous
Generator
Speed Governors
ParaIIeIing of Generators
The Main Switchboard
5eration of Generators 5eration of Generators
A modern marine electrical 5ower 5lant is A modern marine electrical 5ower 5lant is
com5lex system which demands trained com5lex system which demands trained
5ersonnel to ensure safe and economical 5ersonnel to ensure safe and economical
o5eration. o5eration.
We can consider the shi5 electrical 5ower 5lant We can consider the shi5 electrical 5ower 5lant
as the heart on board .f it sto5s ,the shi5 will go as the heart on board .f it sto5s ,the shi5 will go
out of control and may cause an accident with out of control and may cause an accident with
5ossible fatal consequences. 5ossible fatal consequences.
t can have different ty5es of 5rime mover such t can have different ty5es of 5rime mover such
as diesel engines ,steam turbines ,gas turbines as diesel engines ,steam turbines ,gas turbines
and a main shaft. and a main shaft.
What is electricity ? What is electricity ?
1.Electricity is a word used for
directional mo\ement of electrons
between atoms is called electrical
current.
2. $peed of electron (186 Km/$ec|
`.Mode of energy transfer.
asics of Electricity asics of Electricity
asics of Electricity asics of Electricity
onductor onductor
nsulator nsulator
SOURCE
CONTROLS
CONSUMERS
BA8C8 OF ELECTRCTY
NTRODUCTON TO ELEC. 8Y8TEM NTRODUCTON TO ELEC. 8Y8TEM
SOURCE: - 1) GENERATOR
i) AC Generator
2) BATTERY
i) Lead Acid Battery
ii) Nickel Cadmium Battery
CON8UMER CONTROL8 CON8UMER CONTROL8
Electrical load Control System comprises of Electrical load Control System comprises of
following components that control the load following components that control the load
1) 1) Contactors Contactors
2) 2) Thermal overloads Thermal overloads
3) 3) Relays Relays
4) 4) Timers Timers
5) 5) Fuses Fuses
6) 6) Switches Switches
CON8UMER8 CON8UMER8
BASICALLY THREE TYPES OF LOAD BASICALLY THREE TYPES OF LOAD
1) Resistive Load, The symbol is 1) Resistive Load, The symbol is
2) Inductive Load, The symbol is 2) Inductive Load, The symbol is
3) Capacitive Load, The symbol is 3) Capacitive Load, The symbol is
Iectron FIow Iectron FIow
When the two terminaIs of a When the two terminaIs of a
battery are connected by a battery are connected by a
conductor, an eIectric current conductor, an eIectric current
fIows. One terminaI fIows. One terminaI
continuousIy sends eIectrons continuousIy sends eIectrons
into the conductor, whiIe the into the conductor, whiIe the
other continuousIy receives other continuousIy receives
eIectrons. eIectrons.
The current fIow is caused The current fIow is caused
by the voItage, or potentiaI by the voItage, or potentiaI
difference, between the difference, between the
terminaIs. terminaIs.
VoItage is measured in units VoItage is measured in units
caIIed voIts. Another name caIIed voIts. Another name
for a voItage is eIectromotive for a voItage is eIectromotive
force (MF). force (MF).
Electromotive force Electromotive force
EMF : - t is the 5rimary force that
drives the current in the circuit.
onventional Direction of urrent onventional Direction of urrent
It should be particularly noted that in a conductor if the
electrons are moving from a point A to B, the
conventional direction of current is said to be from B to
A. Thus the direction of flow of electrons and the
direction of conventional current are exactly opposite to
each other. In our further discussion we will deal with
conventional current.
Magnetic Field Lines
of a bar magnet
Reciprocity
|Nagnetism] + |Coil of Wire]
+ |Relative Notion]
= Electricity
|Electricity] + |Coil of
Wire]
= Nagnetism
The two pieces are puIIed apart, and
reconnected, N to S. N is on the right
hand side.
Magnetizing force Magnetizing force
Electromagnetism Electromagnetism
Magnetic FieId Created by Magnetic FieId Created by
Current FIow Current FIow
Electromagnetism Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism Electromagnetism
'oltage 'oltage
Voltage is analogous to pressure.
Generated
Dissipated
Electromotive force Electromotive force
EMF : - t is the 5rimary force that
drives the current in the circuit.
Current Current
e e e e
Wire
-
urrent is the amount of electric charge
(coulombs) flowing past a specific point
in a conductor over an interval of one
second.
1 ampere 1 coulomb/second
Electron flow is from a lower potential
(voltage) to a higher potential (voltage).
Iectric Current Iectric Current
onventional Direction of urrent onventional Direction of urrent
It should be particularly noted that in a conductor if the
electrons are moving from a point A to B, the
conventional direction of current is said to be from B to
A. Thus the direction of flow of electrons and the
direction of conventional current are exactly opposite to
each other. In our further discussion we will deal with
conventional current.
D urrent D urrent
+ve
ve
Alternating urrent Alternating urrent
^lfru=f+uz vrruf> ^lfru=f+uz vrruf>
^lfru=f+uz vrruf>
Th ,.d. =r>> fh r>+>fr =f f+m f
+> z+vu ,
\ - \

>+u f hr \

- fh ,=l
vlf=z
- fh =uzvl=r r(vu,
Th rr>,ud+uz =lfru=f+uz vrruf.
T . +>
T - T

>+u f
8fm=u>(v=r v=lv>
: =ud
urrent urrent
'oltage & urrent Measurement 'oltage & urrent Measurement
_erie @oooeetioo
#esistance #esistance
1. Type and nature of material
2. Length of conductor
3. ross sectional area of the conductor
4. Temperature
Resistance is the property of a substance by virtue of
which it opposes the flow of current through
it.Resistance of a conductor depends on the following
factors
Resistance is usuaIIy indicated symboIicaIIy on an
eIectricaI drawing by one of two ways. An unfiIIed
rectangIe is commonIy used. A zigzag Iine may
aIso be used.
Resistance can be in the form of various
components.
A resistor may be pIaced in the circuit, or the
circuit
might contain other devices that have resistance
Units of measurement: Ohms - , kilo-ohms - ,
mega-ohm
RE88TANCE
#esistance #esistance
Charges passing through any conducting Charges passing through any conducting
medium coIIide with the materiaI at an extremeIy medium coIIide with the materiaI at an extremeIy
high rate and, thus, experience friction. high rate and, thus, experience friction.
#

8
W The rate at which energy is lost depends on the wire thickness
(area), length and physical parameters like density and
temperature as reflected through the resistivity 8
#esistance #esistance
#esistor AC #esponse #esistor AC #esponse
urrents and Irequencies
the behavior oI a resistor is
that oI a dissipative
element which converts
electrical energy into heat.
It is independent oI the
direction oI current Ilow
and independent oI the
Irequency. So we say that
the A impedance oI a
resistor is the same as its
D resistance.
#esistor AC #esponse #esistor AC #esponse
hm's Law hm's Law
There is a sim5le linear relationshi5 between There is a sim5le linear relationshi5 between
voltage, current and resistance. voltage, current and resistance.
'#
irchoff's 'oltage Law ('L) irchoff's 'oltage Law ('L)
Th uf .m.. rvud = +rv+f +> (v=l f fh >vm fh
,.d.> rvud fh l,.
irchoff's urrent Law ( irchoff's urrent Law (L L) )
^f ^f == }vuf+u. }vuf+u. fh fh ff=l ff=l vrruf vrruf
ufr+uz ufr+uz fh fh }vuf+u }vuf+u +> +> (v=l (v=l f f fh fh
ff=l ff=l vrruf vrruf l=v+uz l=v+uz fh fh }vuf+u }vuf+u

Applying
conservation
of current.
CONNECTON OF LOAD8 CONNECTON OF LOAD8
The loads are connected
basically in two ways
1) Series Connection
2) Parallel Connection
$eries ombination of #esistors $eries ombination of #esistors
The effect of resistors in series is additive. There is a The effect of resistors in series is additive. There is a
corres5onding voltage dro5 across each resistor. corres5onding voltage dro5 across each resistor.
#
"
#

#
30ohms
#
0ohms
0Vdc
0

-
V
$eries ombination of #esistors $eries ombination of #esistors
Parallel ombination of #esistors Parallel ombination of #esistors
For resistors in 5arallel, the same voltage occurs across each For resistors in 5arallel, the same voltage occurs across each
resistor and more than one 5ath exists for the current, which resistor and more than one 5ath exists for the current, which
lowers the net resistance. lowers the net resistance.

#
"
#

#

ParaIIeI Combination of #esistors ParaIIeI Combination of #esistors

Power Power
Generated
Dissipated
!ower is the rate at which energy is generated or dissipated in an
electrical element.
1 watt 1 joule/sec
!407 V
AC !407 V c486
RE88TVE LOAD8 ON 8H!
. GALLEY HOT PLATE, DEEP FRYING PAN, ETC
2. HEATERS IN ELECTRICAL MOTORS, ALTERNATORS,
ELECTRICAL STARTER PANELS, DRYERS, ETC
3. LAUNDRY IRON, HEATERS IN WASHING MACHINES.
4. ELECTRICAL FRESH WATER CALORIFIER.
5. ELECTRICAL FUEL OIL HEATERS ON BOILERS,
INCINERATORS, ETC
6. WINDOW HEATERS ON WHEEL HOUSE FRONT
GLASS
CA!ACTVE LOAD
CAPACITIVE LOAD:
There are not many capacitive Ioad on
board ship.
Some times capacitors are fitted in the
circuits to improve power factor of
eIectricaI system.
NDUCTOR8 NDUCTOR8
Inductors are coiIs of wire that may be
wrapped around a core. e.g. of Inductors
are transformers, chokes and motors.
Inductance of a coil depends upon number of
turns in the coil, the spacing between the
turns, coil diameter, core material, number of
layers of windings, type of winding and shape
of the coil
NDUCTOR8 NDUCTOR8
nductance nductance
ack emf
A EMF A EMF
WWhen a 'oltage (ste5 function) is a55lied to an hen a 'oltage (ste5 function) is a55lied to an
nductor, a current is made to flow through its nductor, a current is made to flow through its
conductors creating an ex5anding Magnetic conductors creating an ex5anding Magnetic
Field (Flux). Field (Flux).
This ex5anding Field induces a current (ounter This ex5anding Field induces a current (ounter
E.M.F.) 5ossessing an o55osite 5olarity from E.M.F.) 5ossessing an o55osite 5olarity from
that of the a55lied voltage. The amount of this that of the a55lied voltage. The amount of this
counter E.M.F. is directly related to the counter E.M.F. is directly related to the
derivative of the a55lied current, i.e., the faster derivative of the a55lied current, i.e., the faster
the rise/fall the greater the current. The effect of the rise/fall the greater the current. The effect of
this is to im5ede the this is to im5ede the rate of ex5ansion rate of ex5ansion of the of the
Magnetic field Magnetic field
Lenz.Law Lenz.Law
COUNT# MF
ounter E.M.F. #etards urrent ounter E.M.F. #etards urrent
Flow Flow
NDUCTVE TME CON8TANT NDUCTVE TME CON8TANT
In a Inductive circuit when switch is cIosed current rises
rapidIy initiaIIy then move sIowIy as the maximum vaIue
is approached.
The time required for current to rise to its maximum
vaIue is determined by the ratio of inductance (Henrys) to
resistance (Ohms)
Time Constant of inductive circuit, T = L / R
A Time Constant is the time, in seconds, required for
the circuit current to rise to 63.2 % of its maximum
vaIue
AC through Inductive Circuit AC through Inductive Circuit
Inductive #eactance Inductive #eactance
%he Irequency dependent impedance
oI an inductor is called inductive
reactance.
Impedance Angular Irequency x
Inductance
'e voltage across an
inductor leads te
current because te
Lenz' law beavior
resists te buildup of
te current, and it
takes a finite time for
an imposed voltage to
force te buildup of
current to its
maximum.
Ac current flow troug !nductance
#eactive power because of Inductance #eactive power because of Inductance
as power moves to and fro in the ckts as power moves to and fro in the ckts
What is Power Factor? What is Power Factor?
What is Power Factor? What is Power Factor?
#ower Factor is Efficiency
AC through # Circuit AC through # Circuit
CA!ACTOR CA!ACTOR
Symbols
Capacitive #eactance Capacitive #eactance
%he Irequency dependent impedance oI a capacitor is
called capacitive reactance.
lectromagnetic induction occurs when the loop
oI wire cuts across magnetic Iield lines or when
magnetic Iield lines cut across the loop.
%he magnitude oI the induced voltage is
proportional to:
The number oI wire loops cutting across the
magnetic Iield lines.
%he strength oI the magnetic Iield.
%he rate at which magnetic Iield lines are cut
by the wire.
lectromagnetic Induction
AC Ceneration
Electro Magnetic nduction Electro Magnetic nduction
AC Ceneration
Di70cti43 41 i3/:c0/ 0.m.1. Di70cti43 41 i3/:c0/ 0.m.1.
ow Alternate urrent a55ears ow Alternate urrent a55ears
FIux can be described
as the magnetic fieId
which crosses the
winding.
As per Faradays Iaw,the
induced voItage wiII be
at a maximum when the
fIux crossing the
winding is max. as the
rate of fIux change is
minimum.
The green Iine depIicts the induced
VoItage and red Iine shows actuaI fIux.
The relative movement between the The relative movement between the
winding and the magnetic field that winding and the magnetic field that
5roduces the voltage . 5roduces the voltage .
As long as the magnetic field As long as the magnetic field
crosses the winding ,voltage will be crosses the winding ,voltage will be
induced in the winding. induced in the winding.
nduced 'oltage e nduced 'oltage e - - N( N($5eed $5eed) . ) .
d d/dt /dt
(#ate of change of fIux) (#ate of change of fIux)
As the speed is kept constant As the speed is kept constant
output voItage is controIIed by output voItage is controIIed by
adjusting the fieId suppIy adjusting the fieId suppIy..
$tationary /#otating Armature is same $tationary /#otating Armature is same
Advantages of #otating Field Advantages of #otating Field
urrent out5ut handling from stationary urrent out5ut handling from stationary
armature is very easy . armature is very easy .
rush and sli5 ring size required is small rush and sli5 ring size required is small
as it have to only handle field current. as it have to only handle field current.
Generator size will be small. Generator size will be small.
Maintenance are less. Maintenance are less.
FREOUENCY, 8!EED & NO. OF !OLE8 FREOUENCY, 8!EED & NO. OF !OLE8
R.P.M. ( N ) = 20 x f / p , f = no. of cycIes per second
or no. of hertz, p = no. of poIes.
The basic reIationship between the frequency of voItage,
the speed at which the machine is driven and the number of
poIes is given by : -
E.g.: Find the speed at which an eight poIe, saIient-poIe a.c.
generator must be driven in order to generate voItage at a
frequency of 60 hertz.
N = 20 x f / p then N = 20 x 60 / 8 = 900 rev / min
Three 5hase generator Three 5hase generator
All generator are All generator are
designed as 3 5hase designed as 3 5hase
generators. generators.
The 3 winding are The 3 winding are
mounted with a 120 mounted with a 120
degrees 5hase shift degrees 5hase shift
around the rotor. around the rotor.
This will induce 3 This will induce 3
5hases 120 degrees 5hases 120 degrees
shifted relative to each shifted relative to each
other. other.
3 Phase Generator 3 Phase Generator
To utilize the armature in order to
create 3 Phase system ,Two extra
set of winding in stator and 4 5ole
field is 5rovided on the rotor.
3 Phase Winding of $tator star connected 3 Phase Winding of $tator star connected
AC 3 #ase Supply
$tar/Delta connection $tar/Delta connection
3 Phase Generation 3 Phase Generation
Degree
4 Degree
4 Degree
Degree
VoItage at red terminaI
has passed max. at
approaching zero.
VoItage at green terminaI
has passed zero at
approaching max. -ve
voItage
VoItage at bIue terminaI
wiII be at its max.
om5ound Generator om5ound Generator
The The
magnetic magnetic
fieId around fieId around
P2 wiII P2 wiII
induce a induce a
current in S current in S
FieId
Current Iimiter and the condenser battery is tuned to the Current Iimiter and the condenser battery is tuned to the
the nominaI frequency 6 hz and the current through the the nominaI frequency 6 hz and the current through the
ckt id tuned to the nominaI terminaI voItage. ckt id tuned to the nominaI terminaI voItage.
FieId
The regulator has to su55ly additional field su55ly to The regulator has to su55ly additional field su55ly to
com5ensate the weakening of field due to reactive load. com5ensate the weakening of field due to reactive load.
FieId
FieId
#otary Doides
AV#
Main FieId
rushless Generator rushless Generator
Main Switch oard
This generator has its own
excitation mounted directIy
on the generator shaft.
Parts of the #otor Parts of the #otor
A'# / EXTE# A'# / EXTE#
CT
0
K L
K L
3PACE lEATER
A.C. 0ENERAT0R
F1
31
3||
Ex
Fz
J
K
Rc
3z
3|z
RT
l1
l2
l1
l2
R
3
T
R
3
T
3A
1A
3A
1A
T1 31 R1
A
8
AvR
1 2 3
Cw
Rl3E
vR
CCR
AC8
AuX. C0NT
0CT
| |
| |
| |
K L CCT
|1 |1 |2 |2
|
|
R
3
T
AC 1
3wlTCl 80AR0
M$/N TP GENE#AT#
'oltage build u5 in rushless Generator 'oltage build u5 in rushless Generator
An unIoaded generator buiIds up voItage due to residuaI voItage in the winding .
Star connected #eactor coiI 2 is onIy the Ioad of the generator. The inductive
current which appears in the reactor coiI wiII appear in primary winding P.
This current wiII
induce current
In secondary
winding S
FieId
'oltage build u5 in rushless Generator 'oltage build u5 in rushless Generator
This aIternating current wiII be rectified by the bridge rectifier V2 which is
known as excitation current wiII fIow to the excitation fieId winding .Due this
VoItage wiII be induced in the rotating excitation Generator.
This current wiII
induce current
In secondary
winding S
FieId
'oltage build u5 in rushless Generator 'oltage build u5 in rushless Generator
The out put from the extation generator rotor winding wiII be rectified by
the rotary bridge rectifier V and wiII be fed to the main fieId winding .
This current wiII
induce current
In secondary
winding S
FieId
When the actuaI voItage is greater than the setpoint ,the comparator in the
reguIator gives an output to the thyristor (SC#) which wiII reduce the
output depend upon firing angIe which depend upon the deviation between
Set point and output voItage.
Generator Out put controI
FieId
Armature reaction due to Armature reaction due to
resistive load resistive load
f W load is switched on to the Alternator then energy is f W load is switched on to the Alternator then energy is
drawn from the alternator and converted in heat. drawn from the alternator and converted in heat.
When W load is a55lied , the When W load is a55lied , the
load draws current from the stator load draws current from the stator
windings. windings.
The current flows in the stator The current flows in the stator
winding 5roducing a rotating winding 5roducing a rotating
magnetic field. This field rotates magnetic field. This field rotates
at the same s5eed as the rotor. at the same s5eed as the rotor.
The stator field lies across the The stator field lies across the
rotor field exerts a magnetic 5ull rotor field exerts a magnetic 5ull
or torque on the rotor which tries or torque on the rotor which tries
to 5ull back the rotor backwards to 5ull back the rotor backwards
which causes rotor slow down. which causes rotor slow down.
The governor o5ens the throttle The governor o5ens the throttle
valve to increase the fuel su55ly. valve to increase the fuel su55ly.
f W load is switched on to the Alternator then energy is f W load is switched on to the Alternator then energy is
drawn from the alternator and converted in heat. drawn from the alternator and converted in heat.
w Ioad sharing is shared by
the Governor of the engine
The throttIe vaIve is opened untiI
the frequency is back to normaI
So that the prime mover is making
enough power to meet W demand.
Effect of 'A# Load Effect of 'A# Load
N
S
Stator FieId
When var Ioad is
put on the Generator
Stator fieId wiII
produce a current
which wiII produce a
current opposite to
the rotor fieId which
wiII weaken main fieId
Which in turn reduce
generator output
VoItage.
AV# wiII correct this .
Hence VA# Ioad is
taken care by AV#
Automatic 'oltage #egulator Automatic 'oltage #egulator
Iectronic AV# is necessary to
share equaI reactive Ioad
Automatic 'oltage #egulator Automatic 'oltage #egulator
A'# working 5rinci5le A'# working 5rinci5le
UT is
actuaI
voItage
output
# and #2 and # can be viewed
Upon as the three ohmic resistance
With individuaI voItage drops.
A'# working 5rinci5le A'# working 5rinci5le
UT is
actuaI
voItage
output
As the Ioad is increased UT wiII
faII and voItage over the resistor
wiII change proportionaIIy #eI
VoItage which is fed as actuaI
VaIue to the comparator aIso changes
in proportionaI with terminaI voItage.
A'# working 5rinci5le A'# working 5rinci5le
UT is
actuaI
voItage
output
ActuaI vaIue is compared with the
Set point and the vaIue of error is
AmpIified which produces output
In terms of firing puIses for the
Thyristor.
A'# working 5rinci5le A'# working 5rinci5le
UT is
actuaI
voItage
output
The resistance # wiII be found
in MS is adjusted to a Iower vaIue ,
The vaIue wiII decrease over # and
respectiveIy increase over #.This
wiII cause the actuaI vaIue and setpoint
to be equaI at a Iower terminaI voItage.
Parallel o5eration of Generators Parallel o5eration of Generators
FO# STA #ACTIV OAD SHA#ING DU#ING
PA#A OP#ATON UT2 CU#NT T#ANSFO#M#
SUPPIS CU##NT TO #2.AT NO OAD NO CU##NT
PASS TH#OUGH T2/#2 CT.
'LTAGE D#P 'LTAGE D#P
The resistors are so designed
that there wiII be 4% droop in
voItage from to fuII Ioad. This
gives individuaI operating points
for aII Ioads which is essentiaI for
stabIe operation.
When generator is Ioaded a current wiII fIow
In T2/#2 ckts. For increasing Ioad the voItage
over #2 wiII decrease and voItage over #
wiII increases sIightIy T and T2 ckt together
WiII give and output to the comparator.
Generator at no Ioad
Parallel o5eration of Generators Parallel o5eration of Generators
Generator at no Ioad
Parallel o5eration of Generators Parallel o5eration of Generators
We can see now the actuaI voItage is
Iower than the setpoint voItage
Generator at fuII Ioad
Parallel o5eration of Generators Parallel o5eration of Generators
Generator at fuII Ioad
The comparator controIs the out put of
thyristor which depend upon the deviation
Which wiII paraIIeI shift the droop untiI UG=UN
When load decreases to 80% When load decreases to 80%
The comparator wiII sense UG>UN and wiII give
the out put to thyristor which wiII paraIIeI shift
the droop untiI UG=UN
A'#
onnecting another Generator onnecting another Generator
As soon as DG2 takes Ioad, the Ioad on the DG
wiII be reduced and UG >UN . The reguIator on
the DG & DG2 wiII decrease and increase
reactive Ioad on the generators untiI they are baIanced.
DG#2 started
oth Generators running 5arallel oth Generators running 5arallel
A'#
#eactive Load sharing #eactive Load sharing
AV#
If we increase the setting of DG during paraIIeI
operation, The AV# wiII sense UG<UN .This wiII
cause increase increase in excitation current
and DG wiII take Iarger part of reactive Ioad.
OnIy # shouId be adjusted. No other resistance
shouId be adjusted.
Governor $etting Governor $etting
Speed droop :Speed controIIer droop setting
Speed set point : No Ioad speed
oad Iimit : Speed controIIer max. output Iimit
Compensation Iever : Speed controIIer proportionaI gain
Compensation VaIve: Speed controIIer IntegraI controI
Governor Governor
Speed droop of 4% is set in the governor for equaI
W Ioad sharing
Governor Governor
Speed droop of 4% is set in the governor for equaI
W Ioad sharing
Governor Governor
Governor Governor
At % Ioad Frequency is 6 Hz and #PM is 2
Governor Governor
Governor Governor
Governor Governor
Governor Governor
Governor Governor
Governor Governor
$ynchronizing two Generators $ynchronizing two Generators
CONDITION FO# PA#A CONNCTION IS DON
SAM PHAS
$ynchronizing two Generators $ynchronizing two Generators
Synchroscope
SIowIy running
CIockwise or in
Case of Iamp top
amp dark and
other two bright
Is the correct time
To cIose the circuit
breaker
$ynchronizing two Generators $ynchronizing two Generators
$ynchronizing two Generators $ynchronizing two Generators
$ynchronizing two Generators $ynchronizing two Generators
PHAS
$ynchronizing two Generators $ynchronizing two Generators
Very dangerous . Never do this.
It couId Iead to damage to the
Generator or damage the winding or
CoupIing sheared off.
A# #&T #EAE# A# #&T #EAE#
reaker is ready
when Charging Spring is
Charged.
SoIenoid wiII puII the
Iocking pin which wiII
reIease the connecting
Spring
To prevent breaker to trip
In case of overIoad ,this
trip wiII shed Ioad by
Tripping non essentiaI
Ioads Iike various fan/AC/
gaIIey setting %
Time deIay 2 sec.
A# #&T #EAE# A# #&T #EAE#
This prevent the generator
#un as motor in case of
speed reguIation probIem.
Setting 6% deIay 4sec
UV# wiII trip breaker if
voItage faII beIIow 7%.
AIso the breaker can onIy
be connected if the voItage
Is buiId up > 7%
This wiII trip the breaker
In case short current when
Current drawn wiII be
46 % deIay . sec
Incase of overIoad current
2% this wiII trip the
reaker with a deIay of
22 sec.
onnecting the breaker s5ring charging onnecting the breaker s5ring charging
UV# is now set active.
reaker is now ready.
onnecting the breaker onnecting the breaker
onnecting the breaker onnecting the breaker
Earthing/ Leakage current Earthing/ Leakage current
unction Normal
achine enclosure
I
L
I
N
I
L
I
N
In case of
earthing
I
L
I
N
- I

- I

nsulation #esistance nsulation #esistance

Acce5table value of insulation resistance Acce5table value of insulation resistance
&sing 500 ' megger &sing 500 ' megger
= = 3 x ( 'oltage of machine ) 3 x ( 'oltage of machine ) M hm M hm
W/'A + 1000 W/'A + 1000
$hould be >1 M hm $hould be >1 M hm
Must be recorded for condition Must be recorded for condition
monitoring monitoring
ioiog _outtioo @t
THAN
YOU