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3GPP LTE Fundamentals
Bai Ying(ying_bai@agilent.com)
Tel: 010-64396875/1333 109 1323
Signal Sources Division
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LTE Overview
LTE Major Features
LTE Air Interface
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LTE Overview
LTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
What is LTE
Standard Evolution
Why want LTE
Network Architecture
Marketing Status
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What is LTE?
What is LTE?
- LTE is a 3GPP project name for the evolution of UMTS
- It is now linked with the development of a new air interface
- Existed together the evolution of UMTS via HSDPA and HSUPA
Other names of LTE:
- Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) / Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)
- Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
- Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
Related names:
- 3.9G,Super 3G, Beyond 3G, HSOPA(Evolution of HSDPA/HSUPA with OFDM)
- These terms are not standard, and may fade out soon.
LTE Core Network name:
It is called SAE (System Architecture Evolution).
It refers to the evolved core network.
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Why want LTE?
Design requirements ( TR 25.913 ):
Data Rate:
100 Mbps ( DL ) and 50 Mbps ( UL ) for 20 MHz
Throughput:
3-4 times better than release 6 (DL )
2-3 times better than release 6 (UL )
Spectrum Efficiency:
3-4 times better than release 6 (DL )
2-3 times better than release 6 (UL )
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Wireless evolution:
Five competing 3.9G systems
3.9G
3.5G
3G
HSUPA
FDD & TDD
IS-95B
cdma
HSCSD
iMode 2.5G
2G
IS-136
TDMA
PDC GSM
GPRS
E-GPRS
EDGE
802.11g
IS-95A
cdma
IS-95B
cdma
IS-95C
cdma2000
802.11a
802.11b
1xEV-DO
Release B
1xEV-DO
Release A
WiBRO
1xEV-DO
Release 0
W-CDMA
FDD
HSDPA
FDD & TDD
W-CDMA
TDD
TD-SCDMA
LCR-TDD
802.16d
Fixed
WiMAX
TM
802.11n
802.11h
LTE
E-UTRA
EDGE
Evolutio
n
HSPA+
802.16e
Mobile
WiMAX
TM
UMB
cf 802.20
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Standard evolution ( RAN & GERAN )
1999
2010
3GPP
Release
Commercial
introduction
Main feature of Release
Rel-99 2003 Basic 3.84 Mcps W-CDMA (FDD & TDD)
Rel-4 Trials 1.28 Mcps TDD (aka TD-SCDMA)
Rel-5 2006 HSDPA
Rel-6 2007 HSUPA
Rel-7 2008+ HSPA+ (64QAM DL, MIMO 16QAM UL).
Many smaller features plus
LTE & SAE Study items
Rel-8 2009 -2010? LTE Work item OFDMA air interface
SAE Work itemNew IP core network
EDGE Evolution
More HSPA+
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Simplified LTE network elements and interfaces
3GPP TS 36.300 Figure 4: Overall Architecture
MME = Mobile
Management Entity
SAE = System
Architecture
Evolution
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Page 9
Selection of MME during attachment
Scheduling the paging message
Routing the user plane data to SAE GW
RRM / RRC: Mobility mgt, measurement mgt.
PDCP: IP header compression, Encryption
RLC : Configurable reliability, Variable RLC-
PDU length
MAC: Dynamic scheduling, scheduling
broadcast info
PHY : Complete L1 Functionality
The eNB & MME functions
eNB
3GPP TR 23.401
NAS Security mgt:
Authentication, Ciphering
NAS Signaling control:
SAE Bearer mgt, generation of
paging message, idle state
mobility handling
Inter CN Node signaling
(3GPP networks roaming)
MME
S1
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LTE Market Overview
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Plans of Global Major Operators
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LTE R&D status
Customer Activities on TD-LTE
China
CMCC
Involves in TD-LTE standardization very proactively
TD-LTE project is set up
Collaborate with Vodafone and Verizon on TD-LTE trial testing
Drive the roadmap of TD-LTE commercialization
Datang
Aligned roadmap with CMCCs
Potevio
Aligned roadmap with CMCCs
ZTE
Huawei
Bell-Alcatel
Global
Ericsson
First demo both FDD and TDD in the same LTE platform
Formed Ericsson-Datang Joint R&D center, focusing on TD-LTE
Qualcomm
Announced new chipset MDM9x00 plan to cover both LTE FDD and TDD
before 2009
Freescale
Nortel
TI
Motorola
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LTE Overview
LTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
OFDMA
SC-FDMA
MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Access modes FDD & TDD with same frame structure
Frame structure also aligned with UMTS 1.28 Mcps TDD
Variable channel BW 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz
Baseline UE capability 20 MHz UL/DL, 2 Rx, one Tx antenna
User Data rates DL 172.8 Mbps / UL 86.4 Mbps @ 20 MHz BW
(2x2 DL SU-MIMO & non-MIMO 64QAM on UL)
Downlink transmission OFDM using QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK,16QAM, 64QAM
DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity
Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable
UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity, 2x2 MU-MIMO,
Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO
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LTE Features
Feature Capability
Transmission Time Interval 1 ms
H-ARQ Retransmission Time 2ms (This is extremely tight and one of the hardest specs to
meet in baseband)
Frequency reuse Static & semi-static (reuse per UE)
Frequency hopping Intra-TTI: Uplink once per .5ms slot
Downlink once per 66s symbol
Inter-TTI Across retransmissions
Bearer services Packet only no circuit switched voice or data services are
supported voice must use VoIP
Uni-cast Scheduling schemes Frequency selective (partial band)
Frequency diversity by frequency hopping
Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with SFN and cell-specific content
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
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Multi-Carrier Transmission
f T A = / 1
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Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal
OFDMis a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme,
which uses a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers.
Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as
QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM) at a low symbol rate similar to conventional single-carrier
modulation schemes in the same bandwidth.
) 2 exp( ) 2 / ( ) (
1
0
t
T
i
j d T t rect t s
N
i
i

=
= t
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OFDM advantages
High spectrum efficiency
Wide channels are more resistant to fading and OFDM equalizers are much simpler to
implement than CDMA and TDMA
Almost completely resistant to multi-path due to very long symbols
Ideally suited to MIMO due to easy matching of transmit signals to the uncorrelated
RF channels
Link Adaptation
OFDM disadvantages
Sensitive to frequency errors and phase noise due to close subcarrier spacing
Sensitive to Doppler shift which creates interference between subcarriers
Pure OFDM creates high PAR which is why SC-FDMA is used on UL
More complex than CDMA for handling inter-cell interference at cell edge
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DFT- Based OFDM
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OFDM vs. OFDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
Subcarriers
S
y
m
b
o
l
s

(
T
i
m
e
)
Subcarriers
S
y
m
b
o
l
s

(
T
i
m
e
)
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
OFDMA = OFDM + FDMA+TDMA
User 1
User 2
User 3
OFDM
LTE uses OFDMA a variation of basic OFDM
OFDMAs dynamic allocation enables better use of the channel for multiple low-
rate users and for the avoidance of narrowband fading & interference.
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Why Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)?
SC-FDMA is a new hybrid modulation technique combining the low PAR
single carrier methods of current systems with the frequency allocation
flexibility and long symbol time of OFDM
SC-FDMA is sometimes referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform
Spread OFDM = DFT-SOFDM
TR 25.814 Figure 9.1.1-1 Transmitter structure for SC-FDMA.
Frequency domain Time domain Time domain
LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink
DFT
Sub - carrier
Mapping
CP
insertion
Size - N
TX
Size - N
FFT
Coded symbol rate= R
NTX
symbols
IFFT
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OFDM modulation
QPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
Each of N subcarriers is
encoded with one QPSK
symbol
N subcarriers can
transmit N QPSK
symbols in parallel
One symbol period
The amplitude of the combined 4 carrier signal varies widely depending on
the symbol data being transmitted
With many
subcarriers the
waveform
becomes
Gaussian not
sinusoidal
Null created by transmitting
1,1 -1,-1 -1,1 1,-1
1,1 -1,1
1,-1 -1,-1
I
Q
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SC-FDMA modulation
QPSK example using N=4 subcarriers
To transmit the sequence:
1, 1 -1,-1 -1, 1 1,-1
using SC-FDMA first create a
time domain representation
of the IQ baseband sequence
+1
-1
V(Q)
One SC-FDMA
symbol period
+1
-1
V(I)
One SC-FDMA
symbol period
Perform a DFT of length N
and sample rate N/(symbol
period) to create N FFT bins
spaced by 15 kHz
V,
Frequency
Shift the N subcarriers
to the desired
allocation within the
system bandwidth
V,
Frequency
Perform IFFT to create
time domain signal of the
frequency shifted
original
1,1 -1,1
1,-1 -1,-1
Insert cyclic prefix
between SC-FDMA
symbols and transmit
Important Note:
PAR is same as the
original QPSK
modulation
1,1 -1,1
1,-1 -1,-1
I
Q
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What is MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output
Space-Time Processing ( 2D processing )
Tx
M-Antennas
Rx
N-Antennas



CHANNEL
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SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SIMO
Single-Input Multi-Output
MISO
Multi-Input Single-Out
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Why MIMO
Increasing channel capacity
Increasing robustness
Increasing coverage
MIMO Classification
Spatial Multiplexing
Spatial Diversity
Beamforming
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Spatial Multiplexing
(2 Tx BS, 2 Rx MS)
Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of data (layer) and maps it to 2
transmit streams, with half the data on each antenna: doubles the transmitted data
rate (rate 2)
Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx. Signals at receive antennas are
a combination of signals from both Tx antennas.
Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels, which are estimated from pilots
[ ] [ ]
=
[
]
s
0
s
1
r
0
r
1
h
00
h
01
h
10
h
11
R=HS
or
S=H
-1
R
Bits to
Symbol
Mapping
e.g. QPSK
Tx
Symbol
to
Antenna
Mapping
b
0 ,
b
1 ,
b
2 ,
b
3...
s
0,
s
1
, S
2
, S
3
,
...
1,1,1,0... -1-j1, 1-j1...
s
0,
s
2...
s
1 ,
s
3...
I
11
01 00
t
1,
t
2
(time)
10
Q
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
r
0,
r
2 ...
Rx
r
1,
r
3 ...
h
00
h
01
h
10
h
11
Antenna 0
Antenna 1
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0 0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 1 1
r h s h s n
h h r s n
h h r s n
r h s h s n
- - - -
- - - -
= + +

( ( ( (
= + = +

( ( ( (

= +

r Hs n
s
0,
-s
1
*
s
1 ,
s
0
*
TX
h
0
h
1
r
0,
r
1 ...
RX
Solution:
0 0 1 0 1
2 2
1
1 0
0 1
1
1
s r
h h
r
h h
h h
s
.
-
.

-
-
.
(
(
(
(
= = =
(
(
(

+



s H r
t
1,
t
2
Transmission Diversity using Alamouti STBC
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Beamforming
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MIMO System Mathematical Representation
R = HT + n
T = H
-1
R
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H = UDV
H
where UU
H
= I and VV
H
= I
R = HT becomes R = UDV
H
T
if pre-code T with V and post-code with U
H
at receiver
then U
H
R = DT
SDV decomposition of H
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Beamforming
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Single user MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB 1 UE 1

= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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Multiple user MIMO
UE 2
UE 1
eNB 1
MU-MIMO

= data stream 1
= data stream 2
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LTE Overview
LTE
Overview
LTE Major
Features
LTE Air
Interface
Overview
Downlink FDD and TDD
Uplink FDD and TDD
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Agilent Confidential
Page 37
Frame Structure
13 Aug 2007
Ts = 1 / (15000x2048)=32.552nsec
Ts: Time clock unit for definitions
#0 #2 #3 #18 #1
.
#19
One subframe
One slot, T
slot
= 15360 x Ts = 0.5 ms
One radio frame, T
f
= 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
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Slot Structure ( Time Domain )
7 OFDM symbols @ Normal CP
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
13 Aug 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 OFDM symbols @ Extended CP
Cyclic Prefix
512 2048
1slot = 15360 Ts
4 5 5 4
512 2048 512 2048 512 2048 512 2048
512 2048
5 3 2 1 0 4
( ) 2048 15000 1
s
= T
3 OFDM symbols @Extended CP downlink only
Cyclic Prefix
1024 4096
1slot = 15360 Ts
0 1 2 1 2
1024 4096 1024 4096
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Slot structure ( Time & Frequency Domain )
N
symb
OFDM symbols
One slot,
:
:
N
RB
x N
RB
sc
subcarriers
Resource block
N
DL
symb
x N
RB
sc
Resource element
(k, l)
l=0 l=N
symb
1
N
RB
sc
subcarriers
Condition N
RB
sc
N
symb
Normal
cyclic prefix
f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
f=15kHz 12 6
f=7.5kHz 24 3
Resource Block
0.5 ms x 180 kHz
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Page 40
Downlink only
Uplink only
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Physical
Channels
PBCH
PDCCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDSCH
MCH
PRACH
PUCCH
PUSCH
Physical
Signals
RS P-SCH S-SCH DMRS SRS
Physical
Channels
&
Physical
Signals
Commo
n
Dedicate
d
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Page 41
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling, ACK/NACK
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Define number of PDCCH OFDM
symbols per subframe
( 1, 2 or 3 )
PHICH Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel Carries HARQ ACK/NACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
Downlink Physical Channels
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Page 42
Transport Channels of E-UTRAN
Downlink Physical Signals
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-Sync Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and
identification by the UE. Carries
part of the cell ID (one of 3
orthogonal sequences).
S-Sync Secondary Synchronization
Signal
Used for cell search and
identification by the UE. Carries
the remainder of the cell ID (one
of 170 binary sequences).
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation.
Exact sequence derived from cell
ID, (one of 3 * 170 = 510).
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Downlink Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
Precoding
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
layers code words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapper
IDFT
Resource element
mapper
IDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Channel Coding
MIMO
OFDMA Signal Generation
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Downlink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
BCH PBCH 16 1/3 Tail biting convolutional
coding
DL-SCH PDSCH 24 1/3 Turbo coding
PCH PDSCH
MCH PMCH
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
CFI PCFICH N/A Block code
HI PHICH N/A Repetition code
DCI PDCCH 16 1/3 Tail biting convolutional
coding
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Downlink OFDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
Precoding
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
layers code words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapper
IDFT
Resource element
mapper
IDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
MIMO
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LTE DL MIMO Features
DL Channels MIMO processing Specification
PBCH Only support TxDiv 6.6.3
PCFICH Only support TxDiv 6.4.3
PHICH Only support TxDiv 6.9.3
PDCCH Only support TxDiv 6.8.3
PDSCH Support both SM and TxDiv 6.3.3 and 6.3.4
PMCH No layer mapping and precoding 6.5
Support up to 4x4 configuration.
Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD).
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Layer Mapping
Mapping 1 or 2 code words to up to 4 independent data streams
Each data flow is called a layer ( virtual antenna )
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Layer Mapping Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4 CW1 1 2 3 4 L0
1 2 3 4 CW1
1 2 3 4 CW2
1 2 3 4
L0
1 2 3 4 L1
1 2 3 4 CW1 5 6 7 8
1 3 5 7
L0
2 4 6 8 L1
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Layer Mapping Spatial Multiplexing
1 2 3 4 CW1
1 2 3 4 CW2
1 3 5 7 L0
1 3 5 7 L2
5 6 7 8
2 4 6 8 L3
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8 L1
1 2 3 4 CW1
1 2 3 4 CW2
1 2 3 4 L0
1 3 5 7 L1
5 6 7 8
2 4 6 8 L2
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Layer Mapping Transmit Diversity
1 2 3 4 CW1
1
3
5
7
L0
5 6 7 8
2
4
6
8
L1
L2
L3
1 2 3 4 CW1
1 3 L0
2 4 L1
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Precoding
Mapping layers ( virtual antenna ) to antenna ports ( physical antenna )
With precoding, the full base station power ( for all the antennas ) can
always be used irrespective of the number of virtual antennas used for
transmission
For SM, the number of layers is less than or equal to the number of
antenna ports used for transmission
For TxD, the number of layers must be equal to the number of antenna
ports used for transmission
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Precoding
For SM, precoding performs mixing, weighting and cyclic delaying of
data flows of different layers to generate data flows of antenna ports to
best match the channel conditions, which is based on the feedback from
UE to select appropriate code book
For Tx, precoding performs SFBC and switched TxD
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Precoding Spatial Multiplexing
(
(
(

=
(
(
(

) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
) 1 (
) 0 (
) 1 (
) 0 (
i x
i x
i W
i y
i y
P u

Zero(without) delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
u
(

1
1
2
1
(

1 0
0 1
2
1
(

1
1
2
1
(

1 1
1 1
2
1
(

j
1
2
1
(

j j
1 1
2
1
(

j
1
2
1
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Precoding Spatial Multiplexing
(
(
(

=
(
(
(

) (
) (
) ( ) (
) (
) (
) 1 (
) 0 (
) 1 (
) 0 (
i x
i x
U i D i W
i y
i y
P u

large delay CDD
Codebook
index
Number of layers
1 2
0
1
2
3 -
u
(

1
1
2
1
(

1 0
0 1
2
1
(

1
1
2
1
(

1 1
1 1
2
1
(

j
1
2
1
(

j j
1 1
2
1
(

j
1
2
1
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Precoding Transmit Diversity
S
0
-S
1
*
S
1
S
0
*
ant0 ant1
SFBC
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Precoding Transmit Diversity
S
0
NULL -S
1
*
NULL
S
1
NULL S
0
* NULL
NULL S
2
NULL -S
3
*
NULL S
3
NULL S
2
*
ant0 ant1 ant2 ant3
Switched TxD and SFBC
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Downlink OFDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
Precoding
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
layers code words
CRC Channel Coding
CRC Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
code words
Resource element
mapper
IDFT
Resource element
mapper
IDFT
antenna ports
CP Insertion Shaping
CP Insertion Shaping
antenna ports
Different for FDD and TDD
3GPP LTE training material
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2008/10/17 Page 58
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure
Ts = 1 / (15000x2048)=32.552nsec
Ts: Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD: Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
#0 #2 #3
#18
#1 .
#19
One subframe
One slot, T
slot
= 15360 x Ts = 0.5 ms
One radio frame, T
f
= 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS, T(variable)
One radio frame, T
f
= 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame, 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
#0 #2 #3 #4 #5
One subframe, 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period, T(variable)
UpPTS, (variable)
5ms switch-point periodicity: Subframe 0, 5 and DwPTS for downlink,
Subframe 2, 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
10ms switch-point periodicity: Subframe 0, 5,7-9 and DwPTS for downlink,
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot,
T
slot
=15360 x Ts = 0.5 ms
#7 #8 #9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
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TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D
5ms switch-point periodicity: Subframe 0, 5 and DwPTS for downlink,
Subframe 2, 7 and UpPTS for uplink
10ms switch-point periodicity: Subframe 0, 5,7-9 and DwPTS for downlink,
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
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Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (FDD DL) Slot/Frame
N
symb
DL
OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols @ Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
1 0 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
Reference Signal
1 frame
1 sub-frame
1 slot
#0 #1 #8 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #9 #10 #11 #12 #19 #13 #14 #15 #16 #17 #18
Ts = 1 / (15000x2048)=32.552nsec
Configuration CP length
Normal CP f=15kHz
160 (#0)
144 (#1..#6)
Extended CP
f=15kHz 512 (#0 .. 5)
f=7.5kHz 1024 (#0..#2)
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Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 5ms switch periodicity)
#0 #1 #8 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #9
1 0 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
(3-12 symbols)
GP
(1-10 symbols)
UpPTS
(1-2 symbols)
N
symb
DL
OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols @ Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 / (15000x2048)=32.552nsec
1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
3GPP LTE training material
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2008/10/17
Physical Layer definitions
Frame Structure (TDD 10ms switch periodicity)
#0 #1 #8 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #9
1 0 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 2 3 4 5 6
DwPTS
N
symb
DL
OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols @ Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 / (15000x2048)=32.552nsec
1 slot
1 subframe
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Dw or Up subframe
DwPTS
UpPTS
GP
DwPTS
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Uplink Physical Channels and Signals
UL
Channels
Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access
Channel
Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control
Channel
Scheduling, ACK/NACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared
Channel
Payload
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DMRS Demodulation Reference
Signal
Used for synchronization to
the UE and UL channel
estimation
Associated with a transport
channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for UL channel
estimation when there is no
transport channel
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Uplink SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
mapper
Layer
mapper
CRC Channel Coding Rate Matching
Resource element
mapper
DFT
IDFT CP Insertion Shaping
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Uplink Channel Coding Schemes
TrCH Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
RACH PRACH N/A N/A
UL-SCH PUSCH 24 1/3 Turbo coding
Control
Information
Physical
Channel
CRC Channel Coding
UCI PUCCH N/A Block code and 1/3 Tail biting
convolutional coding
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PUSCH and PUSCH DMS Resource Mapping
N
symb
DL
OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols @ Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
1 0 2 3 4 5 6
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
1 slot
#0 #1 #8 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #9 #10
0
#11
1
#12
2
#19
3
#13
4
#14
5
#15
6
#16 #17 #18
1 frame
1 0 2 3 4 5 6
1 sub-frame
13 Aug 2007
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PUCCH and PUCCH DMR Resource Mapping
0 = m
0 = m 1 = m
1 = m
2 = m
2 = m 3 = m
3 = m
One subframe
0
PRB
= n
1
UL
RB PRB
= N n
l
PUCCH
format
Normal cyclic
prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
1, 1a, 1b 2, 3, 4 2, 3
2, 2a, 2b 1, 5 3
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PRACH Resource Mapping
l
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