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Define dryness fraction of steam. Describe methods of finding dryness fraction of steam 2.

Distinguish between Microscopic and Macroscopic approaches in Thermodynamics 3. 10 kg of feed water is heated in a boiler at a constant pressure of 1.5 MN/m2 from 40 C. Calculate the enthalpy required and change of entropy when water is converted into following qualities of steam in each case i) Wet steam at x=0.95 and ii) Super heated steam at 300 C 4. Explain the following terms i) State ii) Process iii) Cycle 5. State Clausius inequality 6. What is Quasi Static process and explain its characteristics features 7. A closed system undergoes a reversible process at a constant pressure process of 3.5 bar and its volume changes from 0.15m3 to 0.06 m3. 25KJ of heat is rejected by the system during the process. Determine the change in internal energy of the system. 8. 1 Kg of a fluid is compressed reversibly according to a law PV=0.25 where P is in bar and V is in m3 /kg. The final volume is of initial volume. Calculate the work done on the fluid and sketch the process on a P-V diagram 9. Define the First law of Thermodynamics and discuss why it is known as Law of Conservation of energy 10. A nozzle receives 1200 kg/h of steam at 1.3 MN/m2, specific volume 142 lit/kg, internal energy 4400 KJ/kg and negligible speed. At the exit, the pressure is 100KN/m2, specific volume 1660 lit/kg and internal energy 2200 KJ/kg. Calculate the exit velocity of the steam. 11. Discuss Homogenous and heterogeneous systems 12. What are the different types of thermodynamics systems? Explain with examples 13. Air at 15 C and 1.05 bar occupies a volume of 0.02 m3. The air is heated at constant volume until the pressure is 4.2 bar and then cooled at constant pressure back to the original temperature. Calculate (i) The net heat flow to or from the air 14. Two reversible heat engines operate on Carnot cycle. They work in series between a maximum and minimum temperature of 550 C and 20 C. If the engines have equal thermal efficiencies and the first rejects 450 KJ to the second, calculate i) The temperature at which heat is supplied to the second engine ii) The work done by each engine 15. State Kelvin-Plank statements and Clausius statement 16. Write clausius and Kelvin- Planck statements and their equivalence 17. Define i) Absolute thermodynamic temperature ii) C.O.P 18. Explain internal energy, heat and work 19. Draw P-V and T-S diagram for water starting from its liquid phase to super heated steam. 20. 2 m3 of air at 1.1 bar and 200C is heated in a cylinder at constant pressure until its volume is 4.5 m 3. It is then compressed according to the law PVn = constant till pressure and volume change to 5.5 bar and 0.6 m3. Calculate change in entropy, work and heat transfer during the processes and the value of n 21. Explain the zeroth law of thermodynamics 22. A closed system containing 0.75 kg of air at a temperature of 8oo K and pressure of 400 KN/m2 is expanded adiabatically to a final pressure of 150 KN/m2. Draw a P-V diagram for this process and calculate the work done 23. Define a heat engine and a refrigerator 24. A gas turbine receives gas at an enthalpy of 800 KJ/kg and a velocity of 100 m/s. The gas leaves the turbine at an enthalpy of 380 KJ/kg and a velocity of 150 m/s. Heat lost to surroundings from the gas is 36 KJ/s. if the rate of gas flow is 10 kg/s, find the power developed by the turbine 25. Derive study flow energy equation for nozzle and steam turbines 26. Define: Non-flow work and flow work, Extensive properties and intensive properties, Boundary and surrounding of a system
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