Items to be covered
Why APA?
In-Text Citations
Citations (Basic Forms) Conclusion
Why is APA?
Not a writing style Used for correctly citing sources and giving credit.
In-Text Citations
There are 8 general rules of thumb
Rule 1
If you paraphase, summarize, or use an idea from a
source, you would include authors last name (or title of the article if there is no author), and year. Example with author: Charles Dickens is the founder of the modern Christmas tradition (Smith, 2005).
Rule 2
If you use direct quote, use authors last name ( or title of
the article, if there is no author), year, and page number. Example with author: Cats are more self-dependent pets in comparison to dogs (Brown, 2005, p.5). Example without author: Cats are more self-dependent pets in comparison to dogs (Cats and Dogs, 2005, p.5).
Nb. Pay attention to where the commas, periods, and parenthesis are placed
Rule 3
Quotations longer than 40 words should be placed in a
Note: start quotation on new line and indent all lines in the quote by 5 spaces. End with page number in parenthesis.
Rule 4
If the source is a government agency or corporation,
According to the Ministry Of Education (2000), only sixty percent of children graduating from high school are functionally literate.
Only sixty percent of children graduating from high school are functionally literate (Ministry of Education [MOE], 2000).
Further citations to the same source, use abbr. The results in students from schools listed as having over crowded classrooms, were markedly worse than in schools with an average of 25 students per classroom (MOE, 2000).
Ruleauthors with the same last name, then use first 6 Two
initials with the last name.
EXAMPLE
Rule 8
If you use a source that was cited in another source
(secondary source), name the original source in your signal phrase (which contains the authors name and indicates that an outside source would be used)
EXAMPLE Romaine Shelton dismissed the research results of the Ape study as being merely analogy (as cited in Brown, 2002).
CONCLUSION
Not all sources on the internet are credible. Therefore
be highly discriminatory of sources Wikipedia is NOT a credible source The 8-rules for in-text citations are only a few basic rules, however there are a myriad of credible web resources on the APA topic.