Marks:

/100

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY OF MALAYSIA EML 3822 LABORATORY III SHEARING FORCE SOLID LABORATORY

NAME GROUP / SECTION GROUP MEMBERS

Assessments /Items Data Collection (CO1&2) Formula / Calculation (CO1 &2)

CO1 /5 /5

CO2 /5 /5

CO3 -

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

LECTURER DATE OF EXPERIMENT DATE OF SUBMISSION PENALTIES

Data Analysis (CO2) Discussion (CO3) Conclusion (CO3)

/30 /30 /10

Overall Impression (CO1) TOTAL REPORT RECIEPT (tear here)

/10 /20 /40 /40

NAME: MATRIC NO.: TITLE: DATE OF SUBMISSION: TIME OF SUBMISSION: STUDENTS SIGNATURE: APPROVED BY:

1.0 2.0

TITLE: SHEARING STRESS OBJECTIVE

The objectives of this experiment are as follows:a. To observe and understand the action of a shear load in a beam. b. To determine the Shear Force at a particular section (x-x section) and compare with the theoretical calculation. c. To measure the Shear Force at a normal section of loaded beam and to check its agreement with theory. 3.0 INTRODUCTION

The Shear Force at any point along the beam is the total forces acting perpendicular to beam longitudinal axis up to the point. A length of material supported horizontally at two points in such a way that it will carry vertical loads is called a beam. The loading which is perpendicular to its longitudinal axis causes bending and in most cases transverse shearing. In the simplest example the loads and supporting reactions act in a vertical plane containing the longitudinal axis and the beam has a rectangular cross section. The loads and support reactions are the external forces acting on the beam and they must be in equilibrium. Therefore, in order to study the strength of the beam it is necessary to know how these external forces affect it. 4.0 APPARATUS

Refer to apparatus manual available in the Lab. a. The experimental beam is in two parts, the smaller left hand part being ( A ) and the larger right hand part being ( B ). At the section normal to the beam axis where they join a pair of ball bearing rollers pinned in ( B ) runs on flat vertical tracks fixed in ( A ). To develop the internal forces at the section an under slung tension spring and the roller bearings resist the bending moment, while an overhung spring balance provides the vertical shearing force. As the spring balance can resist shear only in one direction it will be found that there must always be a net downward load on ( B ). Nevertheless the design of the roller bearing prevents the beam from sliding more than a few mm up or down at the normal section. b. Two end bearings on stands support the beam, and three stir-up shaped load hangers can be threaded onto the two parts of the beam. c. A spirit level is provided to help set up the beam, and three stirrup shaped load hangers can be threaded onto the two parts of the beam. However it is generally sufficient to line up parts ( A ) and ( B ) by eye, and to realign them by adjusting the screws on the spring or spring balance each time a load is altered.

d. Check that the beam supports have been fixed at 900 mm span and that the beam is positioned so that the vertical section C is 300 mm from the left hand support A.
2

4.1

APPARATUS CONSTRUCTION

Figure 1: Schematics of Shear Force Experiment Apparatus

This experiment is divided into three parts: Part 1 a. Position one load hanger 100 mm from A, the second hanger in the groove just to the right of the shear section C (310 mm from A) and the third hanger 400 mm from the right hand support B (500 mm from A). Use the tensioning adjustments on the under slung spring and the spring balance to align the two parts of the beam. The spring balance reading should be recorded as the no load datum value. b. Place a 10N weight on the third hanger 400 mm from B and re-align the beam. Read and note the spring balance force. The difference between this force and the datum value is the shear at C due to the 10N load. c. Repeat the procedure with 20N on the third hanger. d. Remove the 20 N loads and place 10 N on the second hanger. Re-align the beam and record the spring balance force. e. Finally transfer the 10 N loads to the first hanger and re-align the beam. Record the spring balance force, which should be less than the datum value thus showing that the shear at C is negative.

Part 2 a. Unload the beam and move the third hanger to 300 mm from B. Align the beam and note the new no load datum value of the spring balance.
3

b. Place 5 N on the first hanger and 12 N on the third. Record the balancing shear force of the realigned beam in Table 2(data sheet). c. Now move the 2 N weights from the third to the second hanger. Realign the beam and record the spring balance force. d. Finally replace the 2 N with 10 N weights on the second hanger, realign the beam and record the balancing force. Part 3 a. Position the load hangers at known distances from A and align the beam to obtain the no load datum value of the spring balance. b. Apply loading to the hangers noting the weights. Realign the beam and record the balancing shear force. 5.0 RESULTS

Record all results and show all calculations. 6.0 ANALYSIS

For each loading arrangement calculate the shearing force at the section, draw the shear force diagram, and compare the measured value with it. Be careful to use the correct sign convention for shear force. 7.0 DISCUSSION

Comment your experimental results. Explain irregularities/inaccuracy in results produced against theory. Extra Questions: a. When the load was doubled in part 1 of the experiment, did the shearing force double? b. How well did the experimental results agree with the theoretical values? Use the average of the ratios Experiment Q/ Theory Q.

8.0

CONCLUSION

List major conclusions or results of the experiment and indicate the measure of certainty of the results. Include a few numerical results if appropriate.