create table COMFORT2 (

city VARCHAR2(13) NOT NULL,

Sampledate DATE NOT NULL,
Noon NUMBER(3,1),
MIDNIGHT NUMBER(3,1),
Precipitation NUMBER
);

create table COMFORT_TEST (

city VARCHAR2(13) NOT NULL,
Sampledate DATE NOT NULL,
Measure VARCHAR2(13),
Value NUMBER(3,1)
);

insert ALL
into COMFORT_TEST(city, sampledate,MEasure,Val)
values(city, sampledate,'NOON',Noon)
into COMFORT_TEST(city, sampledate,MEasure,Val)
values(city, sampledate,'MIDNIGHT',Midnight)
into COMFORT_TEST(city, sampledate,MEasure,Val)
values(city, sampledate,'PRECIP',Prepicipation)

select city, sampledate,noon, midnight, precipatation

from comfort
where city='Khene';

insert into comfort

values('WALPOLE',TO_DATE('06/22/2003','MM/DD/YYYY'),
86.3,72.1,NULL);

insert into comfort

(sampledate,Precipatation,city,NOON,Midnight)
select '22-dec-2003',Precipatation,
'WALPOLE',noon,midnight from comfort
where city = 'KEENE'
and sampledate='22-dec-2003';

declare
pi constant Number(9,7) := 3.1415927;
radius integer (5);
area Number (14,2);
begin
radius:=3;
area:=pi*power(radius,2);
insert into areas values (radius,area);
end;
create or replace view prac as
select
city, sampledate
from trouble where city = 'Pleasant';

create type address_ty as object

(street varchar2(50),
city varchar2(25),
state char(2),
zip number);

create table customer

(cust_id number,
address address_ty);

THIS IS ONLY FOR 1 ROW

declare
pi constant Number(9,7) := 3.1415927;
area Number(14,2);
cursor rad_cursor is
select * from radius_vals;
rad_val rad_cursor%ROWTYPE;
begin
open rad_cursor;
fetch rad_cursor into rad_val;
area:=pi*power(rad_val.radius,2);
insert into areas values (rad_val.radius,area);
close rad_cursor;
end;

FOR ALL ROWS

declare
pi constant Number(9,7) := 3.1415927;
area Number(14,2);
cursor rad_cursor is
select * from radius_vals;
rad_val rad_cursor%ROWTYPE;
begin
open rad_cursor;
LOOP
fetch rad_cursor into rad_val;
EXIT when rad_cursor%NOTFOUND;
area:=pi*power(rad_val.radius,2);
insert into areas values (rad_val.radius,area);
END LOOP;
close rad_cursor;
end;

exec procedurename(param1, param2,:param3) provided param3 is an out put

create procedure calc
(radius number in, area number(14,2) out ) is
pi constant Number(9,7) := 3.1415927;
begin
area:=pi*power(rad_val.radius,2);
insert into areas values (rad_val.radius,area);
end;

create or replace procedure calc

(in radius number ) is
pi constant Number(9,7) := 3.1415927;
area number(14,2);
begin
area:=pi*power(rad_val.radius,2);
insert into areas values (rad_val.radius,area);
end;

create or replace procedure p12( par1 in number)

begin as
declare var1 number;
set var1= par1+1;
if var1=0 then
insert into radius_vals values(143);
end if;
if par1=0 then
update radius_vals set radius=radius+1;
else
update radius_vals set radius=radius+2
end if;
end;

exec procedurename(param1, param2,:param3) provided param3 is an out put

create or replace procedure prac(pra in number) is

begin
select * from trouble;
end;

create or replace procedure plsql18

(i_paint_id IN number,
i_qty IN number) is
begin
declare
cursor c_paint(i_paint_id IN paints.pt_id%type) is
select pt_stk_on_hand
from paints
where pt_id = i_paint_id;

l_qty paints.pt_stk_on_hand%type;
 begin
if c_paint%isopen then
close c_paint;
end if;

open c_paint(i_paint_id);
fetch c_paint into l_qty;
if l_qty < i_qty then
null;
end if;
update paints
set pt_stk_on_hand = pt_stk_on_hand - i_qty
where pt_id = i_paint_id;

end;
end;

create or replace procedure calc is

pi constant Number(9,7) := 3.1415927;
area Number(14,2);
cursor rad_cursor is
select * from radius_vals;
rad_val rad_cursor%ROWTYPE;
begin
open rad_cursor;
LOOP
fetch rad_cursor into rad_val;
EXIT when rad_cursor%NOTFOUND;
area:=pi*power(rad_val.radius,2);
insert into areas values (rad_val.radius,area);
END LOOP;
close rad_cursor;
end calc;
/

create or replace procedure p12( par1 in number)

is
var1 number:= par1+1;
begin
if var1=0 then
insert into radius_vals values(143);
end if;
if par1=0 then
update radius_vals set radius=radius+1;
else
update radius_vals set radius=radius+2;
end if;
end p12;
/

execute p12(-1);
create or replace procedure merge_table is
(par in number(6))
begin

create or replace procedure anystring( string in varchar2) as

begin
execute immediate (string);
end;

execute anystring(‘create table cd( artist varchar2(25),title varchar2(25))’);

create or replace function atable (aname in number)

return number is
ttable number(10);
begin
for i in 1 .. 10
loop
ttable := aname*i;
insert into abt values (i,ttable);
return(ttable);
end loop;
end;

variable ta number;
execute : ta := atable(9);

DECLARE
ta number;
BEGIN
ta := atable(7);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('TA ' ||ta);
END;

create or replace function atable (aname in number)

return number is
ttable number(10);
begin
for i in 1 .. 10
loop
ttable := aname*i;
insert into abt values (i,ttable);
end loop;
return (ttable);
end;

set serveroutput on;

CREATE TRIGGER upper_soundex

BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OF
ename, uppername on emp
FOR EACH ROW
 BEGIN
:NEW.uppername := UPPER (:NEW.ename);
END;
/

declare
v_char varchar2(90);
v_num number(11,2);
begin
v_char:='42 is';
v_num:=to_number(substr(v_char,1,2));
:g_char:=v_char;
:g_num:=v_num;
end;
/

variable g_char varchar2 (90);

variable g_num number;

declare
ghar abt.i%type :=11;
begin
merge
into ab a
using abt b
on (b.i=ghar)
when matched then
update set
a.ind =b.i,
a.num=b.ttable
when not matched then
insert values(b.i,b.ttable);
end;
/

variable rows_d varchar2(30);

declare
ia number:=2;
begin
delete from abt
where i=ia;
:rows_d:=(sql%rowcount || ' row deleted.');
end;
declare
cn number;
i number;
begin
i:=0;
loop
insert into abt values(122,323);
i:=i+1;
exit when i>10;
end loop;
cn:= sql%rowcount;
dbms_output.put_line(cn);
end;

declare
vg char(1) := Upper('&pg');
va varchar2(20);
begin
va:=
case vg
when 'A' then 'Excellent'
when 'B' then 'Very Good'
when 'C' then 'Good'
else 'No such grade'
end;
dbms_output.put_line('GRADE:' || vg || 'appraisal: ' ||va);
end;
/

declare
fl number :=1;
begin
loop
if (fl!=6 and fl !=8) then
insert into messages values(fl);
end if;
fl:=fl+1;
exit when fl>10;
end loop;
select * into ab from messages where fl=1;
commit;
end;
create table messages(rs number);
select * from messages;
alter table employees
add stars varchar2(100);

define emp=100;

declare
va varchar2(50) := Null;
cn number;
ar number;
sa number;
cursor e_cursor is
select empi from emp1;
abh e_cursor%ROWTYPE;
begin
open e_cursor;
<<outer>>
loop
fetch e_cursor into abh;
ar:= abh.empi;
select sal into sa from emp1 where empi=ar;
select NVL(round(sa/1000),0) into cn from dual;
va:=NULL;
/*is assigning is important becoz if this is not done then for next employess *’s of previous
employees are also added*/
<<inner>>
for i in 1 .. cn loop
va:= va||’*’;
end loop inner;
update emp1 set stars= va where empi=ar;
exit when e_cursor%NOTFOUND;
end loop outer;
close e_cursor;
end;

declare
TYPE emp_table_type is TABLE OF
Emp1%ROWTYPE INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
My_emp_table emp_table_type;
V_count NUMBER(3) :=103;
BEGIN
FOR I IN 100 .. v_count
LOOP
SELECT * INTO my_emp_table(i) FROM emp1
where empi=i;
end LOOP;
For I in my_emp_table.FIRST .. my_emp_table.LAST
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(my_emp_table(i).sal);
End loop;
End;

update emp1 set empi = 103 where empi = 143;

insert into countries values(‘UK’, ‘UNITED KINGDOM’,12);

insert into countries values (‘USA’,’UNITED STATES’,15);

insert into countries values (‘IND’,’INDIA’,11);
insert into countries values (‘AUS’, ‘AUSTRALIA’,17);

DEFINE CI= ind;

Declare
Count_record countries%ROWTYPE;
Cis Varchar2(30) := ‘&CI’;
Begin
Select * into count_record from countries where country_id=UPPER(CIS);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘COUNTRY ID IS ’ || Count_record.country_id || ‘ ,COUNTRY
NAME IS ’ || count_record.country_name || ‘ AND REGION ID IS ’ || count_record.region_id);
Commit;
End;

Declare
type ddept_table is TABLE of
Emp1.stars%TYPE
INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
Dept_table ddept_table;
Begin
For I in 100.. 103
LOOP
Select stars into dept_table(i) from emp1 where empi=i;
End loop;
For I in dept_table.first .. dept_table.last
Loop
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(dept_table(i));
End loop;
End;
insert into departments values(70, ‘public relations’ , ‘UK’, 131, 2300);
insert into departments values(50, ‘ART’ , ‘ABN’);
update departments set name = 'executive' where num =90;

Declare
Type dept_table is table of
departments%ROWTYPE
index by binary_integer;
my_dept_table dept_table;
v_count number :=7;
v_deptno departments.num%TYPE;
begin
FOR i in 1..v_count
LOOP
If i=1 then
V_deptno:=10;
Elsif i=2 then
V_deptno:=20;
Elsif i=3 then
V_deptno:=50;
Elsif i=4 then
V_deptno:=60;
Elsif i=5 then
V_deptno:=80;
Elsif i=6 then
V_deptno:=90;
Elsif i=7 then
V_deptno:=110;
End if;

Select * into my_dept_table(i) from departments where num=v_deptno;

End loop;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (‘my_dept_table.COUNT is ’ || my_dept_table.COUNT);

--FOR i in 1..my_dept_table.COUNT
--any command the upper or lower wil do
For I in my_dept_table.first .. my_dept_table.last
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ DEPT NO IS ‘ || my_dept_table(i).num|| ‘ DEPARTMENT NAME
IS ’ || my_dept_table(i).name || ‘ AND LOC IS ‘ || my_dept_table(i).loc);
End loop;
Commit;
End;

Define x = 5;

Declare
Cursor sal_cursor is
Select distinct sal from emp order by sal desc;
/*distinct keyword is used so that if two users have same sal they wont be repeated*/
Inter number;
--My_sal sal_cursor;
Begin
Delete from top_dogs;
Open sal_cursor;
fetch sal_cursor into inter;
While sal_cursor%ROWCOUNT <= &x and sal_cursor%FOUND
loop
fetch sal_cursor into inter;
insert into top_dogs values(inter);
end loop;
close sal_cursor;
end;

select * from top_dogs;

define x =10;

declare
cursor my_dept is
select name,sal,man from departments where num=&x;
sala number;
nama varchar2(50);
mana number;
begin
open my_dept;
fetch my_dept into nama, sala, mana;
while my_dept%FOUND LOOP
fetch my_dept into nama, sala, mana ;
if (sala<5000 AND (mana=101 OR mana =124)) THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ ‘ ||nama || ‘ DUE for a raise’);
Else
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(nama || ‘ NOT DUE for a raise’);
End if;
fetch my_dept into nama, sala, mana ;

End loop;
End;

Insert into employees(name,job,hiredate,salary,dept_id,emp_id)

Values(&a,&b,&c,&d,&e,&f);

ALL ARE WORKING(1st is my logic)

Declare
Cursor my_dept is
Select * from departments where num<100;
Abhi my_dept%ROWTYPE;
Cursor my_emp(tdep number) is
Select * from employees where dept_id= tdep and emp_id<120;
ghar my_emp%ROWTYPE;
separator varchar2(80);

Begin
Separator:=’ ‘;
Open my_dept;
LOOP
Fetch my_dept into abhi;
EXIT WHEN my_dept%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘DEPARTMENT NAME IS ‘ || abhi.name || ‘ DEPARTMENT ID
IS ’ || abhi.num);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(separator);
Open my_emp(abhi.num);
LOOP
Fetch my_emp into ghar;
EXIT WHEN my_emp%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘NAME IS ‘ || ghar.name ||’ JOB IS ‘ ||ghar.job ||’ HIREDATE IS ‘ ||
ghar.hiredate ||’ SALARY IS ‘ || ghar.salary);
END LOOP;
Close my_emp;
END LOOP;
Close my_dept;
END;
Declare
Cursor my_dept is
Select num from departments where num<100;
Abh number;
Ab number;

Cursor my_emp(tdep number) is

Select name from employees where dept_id= tdep and emp_id<120;
Emp_rec my_emp%ROWTYPE;

Begin
Open my_dept;
LOOP
Fetch my_dept into abh;
EXIT WHEN my_dept%NOTFOUND;
Ab:=abh;

Open my_emp(ab);
LOOP
Fetch my_emp into emp_rec;
EXIT when my_emp%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘NAME IS ‘ || emp_rec.name);
End loop;
Close my_emp;
End loop;
Close my_dept;
End;

Declare
Cursor dept_cur is
Select num from departments where num<100;
Cursor emp_cursor(p_deptno number) is
Select * from employees where dept_id=p_deptno and emp_id<120;
Begin
For dept_rec in dept_cur loop
Dbms_output.put_line(‘DEPARTMENT NUMBER: ‘ || dept_rec.num);
For emp_rec in emp_cursor (dept_rec.num) loop
Dbms_output.put_line(emp_rec.name|| ‘ |’||emp_rec.job);
End loop;
End loop;
End;
/
WORKING IN !ST ATTEMPT
declare
va varchar2(100) := Null;
cn number;
cursor my_emp is
select * from employees FOR UPDATE OF stars NOWAIT;
emp_rec my_emp%ROWTYPE;

begin
open my_emp;

LOOP
Fetch my_emp into emp_rec;
EXIT when my_emp%NOTFOUND;
cn:= ROUND(NVL(emp_rec.salary,0)/1000);
--where current of cursor;
va:=NULL;
for I in 1..cn LOOP
va:=va||’*’;
end loop;
update employees set stars = va
where current of my_emp;
end loop;
close my_emp;
end;

declare
e_invalid_dept exception;
erm varchar2(255);
erc number;
begin
update departments set name = ‘abhi’ where num = 230;
if SQL%NOTFOUND then
raise e_invalid_dept;
end if;
commit;
exception
when e_invalid_dept then
erc:=sqlcode;
erm:=sqlerrm;
dbms_output.put_line(erc ||’ ‘ ||erm);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No such dept id');
end;
Declare
e exception;
pragma exception_init(e,-2292);
begin
delete from try where i = 20;
if SQL%NOTFOUND then
raise e;
end if;
commit;
exception
when e then
dbms_output.put_line('good work');
end;

Declare
erm varchar2(255);
erc number;
e exception;
begin
select * into erc from try;
if SQL%NOTFOUND then
raise e;
end if;
commit;
exception
when e then
dbms_output.put_line('good work');
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line(‘bad work’);
when others then
erc:=sqlcode;
erm:=sqlerrm;
dbms_output.put_line(erc ||’ ‘ ||erm);
end;

define p=17000;
declare
erm varchar2(255);
more_rec exception;
no_rec exception;
sal number;
nam varchar2(50);
begin
select name,salary into nam, sal from employees where salary = &p
--select name,salary into nam, sal from employees where salary = &p/0;
/*the above state statement will create divide by zero error which wil lead to storage of some other
error in messages table*/
INSERT INTO MESSAGES VALUES (to_char(NAM) || ‘ ‘ || to_char(SAL));

exception
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
INSERT INTO MESSAGES VALUES (‘no employee exist’);
WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN
INSERT INTO MESSAGES VALUES (‘MORE THAN 1 EMPLOYEE HAVING SALARY ’ ||
to_char(SAL));
WHEN OTHERS THEN
INSERT INTO MESSAGES VALUES(‘SOME OTHER ERROR’);
END;

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE query_emp

(p_id IN employees.emp_id%TYPE,
p_name OUT employees.name%TYPE,
p_salary OUT employees.salary%TYPE) is
begin
select name, salary into
p_name, p_salary from employees where
emp_id = p_id;
END query_emp;

Variable g_name varchar2(25);

Variable g_sal number;
Execute query_emp(45, :g_name, :g_sal)

Print g_name;
Print g_sal

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE format_phone

(p_phone_no IN OUT VARCHAR2) is
begin
p_phone_no := '(' || SUBSTR(p_phone_no,1,3) ||
')' || SUBSTR(p_phone_no,4,3) ||
'-' || SUBSTR(p_phone_no,7);
END format_phone;
 VARIABLE g_phone_no VARCHAR2(15) ;
begin
:g_phone_no := '8006330575';
end;
/
execute format_phone(:g_phone_no);
print g_phone_no;

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE add_dept

(p_name IN departments.name%TYPE
DEFAULT 'University',
P_loc IN departments.loc %TYPE
DEFAULT ‘unknown’) as
Begin
INSERT INTO departments(num, name,loc,man,sal)
VALUES (190, p_name, p_loc,151,23765);
END add_dept;

BEGIN
add_dept;
add_dept ('TRAINING', ‘SA’);
add_dept ( p_loc => ‘NZ’, p_name =>'EDUCATION');
add_dept ( p_loc =>’ENG’) ;
end;
/

SELECT department_id, department_name, location_id

FROM departments;

Create or replace procedure raise_sal(id IN number) is

Begin
Update employees set salary = salary*1.1 where emp_id=id;
DBMS_output.put_line(‘hi I m in process_emps’);

End;
/

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE process_emps is

CURSOR emp_cursor IS
SELECT emp_id from employees;
Begin
FOR emp_rec IN emp_cursor LOOP
raise_sal(emp_rec.emp_id);
DBMS_output.put_line(‘hi I m in process_emps’);
END LOOP;
COMMIT;
END process_emps;

Sub prog cannot handle the exception but main prog can
To see results delete data from table t4

Main prog
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE handle_check is
CURSOR emp_cursor IS
SELECT emp_id from employees;
Begin
FOR emp_rec IN emp_cursor LOOP
raise_check;
DBMS_output.put_line(‘hi I m in process_emps’);
End loop;
Exception
When no_data_found then
DBMS_output.put_line(‘hi exception of process raise check handled successfully’);
End;

Sub prog
Create or replace procedure raise_check is
X number;
Y number;
Begin
select a,b into x,y from t4;
DBMS_output.put_line(‘hi I m in raise check to display no data found exception’);
End;

Sub prog cannot handle the exception but main prog can with another sub program being called
Main prog
To see results delete data from table t4

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE handle_check2 is

Begin
raise_check;
DBMS_output.put_line(‘hi I m in process_emps’);
raise_check1;
Exception
When no_data_found then
DBMS_output.put_line(‘hi exception of process raise check handled successfully’);
End;
Another subprogram
Create or replace procedure raise_check1 is
X number:=43;
Y number:=32;

Begin
Insert into t4 values( x,y );
DBMS_output.put_line(‘hi I m in raise check1 for insertion of data’);
End;

Sub-prog with exception handler with main prog also having exception handler(actually not
reqd in main prog)
To see results delete data from table t4
in this case after subprog handles its exception main prog runs normally;
Sub prog:

Create or replace procedure raise_check_with_handler is

X number;
Y number;
Begin
select a,b into x,y from t4;
DBMS_output.put_line(‘hi I m in raise check to display no data found exception’);
Exception
When no_data_found then
DBMS_output.put_line(‘hi exception of process raise check handled by itself successfully’);
End;

Main program

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE handle_check_5 is

Begin
raise_check_with_handler ;
DBMS_output.put_line(‘hi I m in handle check 5’);
raise_check1;
Exception
When no_data_found then
DBMS_output.put_line(‘ exception of process raise check handled successfully’);
End;