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The Geosphere

It is the rocky part of the Earth. For its study is divided into:
Earths crust: is the outer layer. On the surface are reliefs:

Layer: Intermediate layer formed by rocks. Core: Internal layer formed by metal. There is an outer core (liquid) and an inner core (solid).

Continental Range Plain and Continental shelf Oceanic Oceanic ridge Trench Plain Volcano

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The Geosphere
Minerals and Rocks
Minerals: Crustal materials characterized by their chemical composition and internal structure.

Are natural Have inorganic origin Have homogeneous chemical composition

Rocks: Mineral aggregates of different origin: volcanism, sedimentation, changes in other rocks, etc.

Sedimentary Magmatic Metamorphic Internenes PiensoyJuego

The Geosphere
Minerals
Minerals: Pure substances, whose composition involves a single element (graphite) or a compound (calcite).

Amorphous: disorganized components (agate).

Crystallized: components ordered (rock crystal).

Classification:
Silicates: Contains silicon and oxygen (quartz). No silicates: Does not contain Silicon (gold, silver).

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The Geosphere
Mineral properties

Serve to identify

Color: The light that reflects natural light. Shine: How the light reflects. Hardness: Resistance to be scratched (Mohs Scale). Scratch color: Color of dust to be scratched. Exfoliation: Form in which fractured. Solubility: The ability to dissolve. Magnetism: Can be attracted by a magnet. Radioactivity: Atomic particles emitted. Density: Ratio between mass and volume. Fragility: The ability to break. Plasticity: The ability to extend in sheets.

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The Geosphere
Importance and usefulness of minerals

Feeding: Common salt.


Jewelry: Gold, silverm, platinum, Industry: Construction, ceramic. Obtaining metals: Lead, zinc, iron. Preparation of materials: Gypsum, glass.
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The Geosphere
Rocks Rocks: Mineral of different origins: volcanism, sedimentation, changes in other rocks, etc.

Sedimentary: Formed by the accumulation of sediment. Magmatic: Molten rock inside the earth is solid. Metamorphic: The sedimentary rocks under pressure is transformed into other materials.

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Rocks sedimentary Sedimentary: Are represented in

layers or stratum. Detrital: Compacted sediments of different minerals and rocks (sandstones) Chemicals: Monomineral rocks (gypsum, salt) Organic: Coal and oil.
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The Geosphere
Magmatic Rocks

Magmatic: Are formed when magma solidifies. Pluto: Cool slowly inside the earth. Granite.
Volcanic: Scool quickly on the outside the earth. Basalt, obsidian.
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The Geosphere
Metamorphic Rocks

Metamorphic: It transforms product of pressure and temperature, whithout metting. Laminar: It cools slowy inside the earth. Slate.
Crystal: It cools slowy outside. Marble.
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The Geosphere
Importance and usefulness of the rocks
Construction: Slate, granite, limestone.

Ornamental use: Sculpture, architectural, friezes, moldings


Containers: Glasses, vessels, bowls. Fuels: Coal, oil, gasoline, diesel. Industry: Plastics, paints, fertilizers.

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The Geosphere
To learn more
(Follow the links to explore the topic through internet)


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The Geosphere The Minerals The Rocks The oil

(video)

(video)

(video)

(pictures)

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The Geosphere
Vocational and professional guidance
(for an integrated curriculum)

Mining: Minig Museum


Speleologist: Speleology Vulcanologist: Vulcanology Mines.upm: Mining engineer

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