asy Tenses

PRESENT TIME PTOMNOST

Present simple obecn platn udlosti, opakovan innosti, vyprvn, rutinn innosti
I work every day. Do you work every day? I dont work every day. Yes, I do. / No, I dont.

Present continuous nco co se dje prv te, momentln, innost omezen na uritou dobu
= doasn innost Frequency adverbs: always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never Im working at the moment. Are you working at the moment? Im not working at the moment. Yes, Im. / No, Im not.

Present perfect continuous nco, co se dje prv te, ale zaalo v minulosti (since, for,
already, still, yet, just, lately), neukonen dj; vyjaduje dobu trvn innosti - HAVE/HAS + BEEN + ING I have been working for ten minutes. How long have you been working? I have not (havent) been working for ten minutes.

Present perfect simple stejn vznam, jen plat pro stative verbs, nsledek-vsledek uritho
dje; pokud se prv nco stalo - HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE I have finished my work. Have you finished your work? I havent finished my work. Yes, I have. / No, I havent.

It has been cold for last three days.

PAST TIME MINULOST

Past simple innosti ukonen v minulosti; innosti opakovan v minulosti,

- yesterday, a month ago, last week, last night, this morning, two days ago, in 1999

I worked last night. Did you work last night?

I didnt work last night. Yes, I did. / No, I didnt.

Past continuous nco probhalo (dlo se v minulosti) po del dobu v minulosti, nebo v uritm
danm obdob v minulosti at 6:10, when somebody did sth Last night I was working from 8:00pm 11:30pm. Were you working long? I wasnt working all morning. Yes, I was. / No, I wasnt.

At 6:00 pm, Tom sat down at the table and began to eat. At 6:05, Tom was eating dinner. While Tom was sleeping, the phone rang.

Past perfect simple nco skonilo ped njakou jinou situac v minulosti; vet situac mimo
chronologick poad; (already, just) When my boss entered the room, I had already had my work done. When my boss entered the room, I had already called my assistant.

Past perfect continuous njak innost v minulosti probhala a do jin udlosti v minulosti;
dje, kter njakou dobu trvaly a skonily v minulosti (pina a nsledek v minulosti) I had been working on my computer until electricity went down. Jason was tired because he had been running. (dobhal, nyn nic nedlal past perfect cont.) x Jason was tired because he was running. (prv trnoval)

Present perfect simple nco se stalo nebo nestalo, ale nen podstatn kdy a jet se to me
zmnit I havent done my work today.

I havent had breakfast today. (je rno a jet ji me mt) x I didnt have breakfast. (u je odpoledne a u ji mt neme)

Present perfect continuous

Draz na poin i aktivitu, kter mon prv skonila, i bude pokraovat She has been cleaning it for 3 years. I have been painting the room for 2 hours. x

Present perfect simple

Draz na efekt activity nebo poinu i na fakt, e neho bylo dosaeno They have arrived and just now they are in the sitting room. I have painted the room.

FUTURE TIME BUDOUCNOST

Present simple oficiln oznmen udlosti konan v budoucnosti nebo ptomnosti

The conference is held in June.

Present continuous osobn naplnovan a pipraven udlosti

Osobn naplnovan a nachystan budouc udlosti Im visiting my sister at the weekend. (je to naplnovno, j jedu a ona o tom v je to na 99%) GOING TO njak plan, chystm se to udlat (mm to v myslu) Im going to visit my sister at the weekend. (o vkendu se chystm navtvit svou sestru, ale jet nevm jestli mi to vyjde, nebo o tom ona jet nev nen to definitivn)

Future simple nhl rozhodnut do budoucnosti nebo slib, pedvdn

Will you work on Monday? I will go on a trip. (jedu na vlet te jsem se rozhodl v prci nikdo nic nev) Im going on a trip. (mm to plnu v prci u to pravdpodobn vd)

Your phone is ringing! It will be Mark.

Future continuous nco bude probhat v urit dob v budoucnosti nebo po uritou dobu v
budoucnosti At 3:00pm I will still be working. Tomorrow this time I will be getting ready for the meeting. (jsem si jist, e budu) x Tomorrow this time Im going to prepare for the meeting. (mm to v plnu, ale me se to zmnit)

Stative verbs: odkazuj na stav nikoli innost; buto nco je nebo nen, nic jinho (nejsou v prbhu)

1. Feelings like, love, hate 2. Thinking, believing think, understand, believe, mean 3. Wants, preferences prefer, want 4. Perception, senses feel, taste, smell, hear, see 5. Being, seeming, having, owning nkter mohou bt v prbhu, ale pot maj jin vznam, vtinou pechodn stav think myslet x thinking pemlet taste chutnat x tasting ochutnvat (know, be, exist, own, posses, belong, need, forget, remember) Compare: I was eating when Bob came. x I had eaten when Bob came.

I was not hungry at 1:00pm. I had already eaten. (past perfect) x Im not hungry now. I have already eaten. (present perfect) Summary: Present simple Present continuous Past simple Past continuous Future simple Future continuous Present perfect simple Present perfect continuous Past perfect simple Past perfect continuous Future perfect simple Future perfect continuous going I play Im playing I played I was playing I will play I will be playing I have played I have been playing I had played I had been playing I will have played I will have been playing I go Im going I went I was going I will go I will be going I have gone I have been going I had gone I had been going I will have gone I will have been