ALFABETET Aa /a/ O o /u/ Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv /pe/ /k/ /r/ /es/ /te/ // /ve/

B b /be/ Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg /se/ /de/ /e/ /ef/ /ge/

H h /ho/ Ii Jj Kk Ll /i/ /je/ or /jod/ /ko/ /el/

W w /dobeltve/ X x /eks/ Yy Zz // /-i/ /set/ //

M m /em/ N n /en/

/o/

A vocal is LONG when its followed by ONE CONSONANT - bok, lure, skrive, prate, and SHORT when followed by 2 OR MORE CONSONANTS tkk, snkke, kmme, ltte.

PRONUNCIATION

VOCALS:
A a pronounced /a/ E e usually pronounced /e/; EXCEPTIONS: in the personal pronoun DE it is pronounced as /i/ = /di/; !!!!!! DET is pronounced /de/ In French words the ending MENT is pronounced /mang/ I i pronounced /i/ O o usually pronounced /u/ BUT sometimes can also be /o/ usually when the vocal is short (before a double consonant), e.g. hoppe, sovne (the adjective god /gu:/, godt / gott/, gode /gu:e/) U u is pronounced // BUT before kk ks kt nk ng m ff is /u/ (lukke, ung, lukte, bukser, dum). Y y between u and i (the shape of the lips is just like when were drinking through a straw and we say i) like in the English word man. lips rounded like when we pronounce O but we say E always pronounced /o/, like in the name Tom

CONSONANTS:
C c only in foreign words, pronounced /s/ or /k/ The consonant group CH is /sh/ - champagne D d pronounced /d/ D at the end of a word it is almost always SILENT!!!!! - glad, god, blad DL and DN are pronounced lland nn (kald /kal:/, vind /vin:/); There are some exceptions where D is pronounced: alder, skulder, kunde

G g in the combination GJ, G is silent!!! - gjre, gjespe; GI, GY, GEI G is pronounced /j/ - gi, begynne, geit; In the suffix -ig/-lig G is silent!!! - mulig, rolig; In the word MORGEN, G is silent (/morn/) but in MORGES (this morning) it is pronounced (/morres/); In French words G is pronounced /sj/ - generell, geni H h In the combinations HJ and HV, H is SILENT J j /j/, like English Y K k In the combinations KJ, KI, KY, KEI , K is pronounced // (between /ch/ and /h/) - kino, kjpe, kyst, keiv M m At the end of a word there is never MM even though it might be pronounced as double M! - lam, dom, rom). When we add the plural ending (-er, -ene) or the ending for the definite form (-en, -et, -a) we double the M! lammet, dommen, rommene N n In the combination NG, it is nasal - // - lang, seng. - hjelp; hvem, hvor

Q q only in foreign words; qu is pronounced and written as kv (qualification kvalifikasjon). R r various pronunciation depending on the dialect; In RD, RL, RT and RN, R is a retrofex (like American R) RS is pronounced /sh/ in East Norway - kurs S s Consonant groups SJ and SKJ are pronounced /sh/ (sjel, skjrt), In SK+I, SK+Y, SK+Y, SK is also pronounced /sh/ (ski, skyte, skyte). T t TJ is pronounced similar to KJ -tjue T is SILENT in DET!!!! T is also SILENT in the definite form of neutral nouns!!!!! (landet, brevet); T is ALWAYS PRONOUNCED in the past tense!!!!! (skrevet, har spist, vasket) In some French words NT is pronounces as NG // (interessant, departement). V v In some words the combination LV is pronounced as LL (halv, slv). W w only in foreign words, always pronounced as /v/

Z z only in foreign words, always pronounced as /s/