“Chemical Bonding”

CHEMICAL BONDS
♥ A strong attractive force between atoms.
Without these ties that bind, the universe
would be nothing more than a mass chaos of
individual atoms.
A bond is formed when electrons from two
atoms interact with each other and their atoms
become joined. The electrons that interact with
each other are VALENCE ELECTRONS, the
ones that reside in the outermost electron shell
of an atom.
As you sit reading this sentence, billions of
atoms surround you. When any two of them
approach each other, their outermost electrons
come into close contact. Recall that electrons
are negatively charged particles, so a chance
meeting between atoms usually results in the
two repelling each other. Occasionally,
however, atoms will stick together by forming a
chemical bond.

2 main types of bonding:

†Covalent Bonds
†Ionic Bonds
COVALENT BOND
→involve a complete sharing of electrons
and occurs most commonly between
atoms that have partially filled outer shells
or energy levels. Thus if the atoms are
similar in negativity then the electrons will
be shared. Carbon forms covalent bonds.
The electrons are in hybrid orbitals formed
by the atoms involved as in this example:
ethane. Diamond is strong because it
involves a vast network of covalent bonds
between the carbon atoms in the
diamond.
IONIC BOND
→occurs when one atom gains a valence
electron from a different atom, forming a
negative ion (ANION) and a positive ion
(CATION), respectively. These oppositely
charged ions are attracted to each other,
forming an ionic bond.
→arise from elements with low electro
negativity(almost empty outer shells)
reacting with elements with high electro
negativity (mostly full outer shells). In this
case there is a complete transfer of
electrons. Previous Page
A well known example is table salt, sodium
chloride. Sodium gives up its one outer
shell electron completely to chlorine which
needs only one electron to fill its shell.
Thus, the attraction between these atoms
is much like static electricity since
opposite charges attract.

There is a third type of bonding, called

METALLIC BONDING. As the name
implies, metallic bonding usually occurs in
metals, such as copper. A piece of copper
metal has a certain arrangement of
copper atoms. The valence electrons of
these atoms are free to move about the
piece of metal and are attracted to the
positive cores of copper, thus holding the
atoms together.
Essential to understanding all types of
chemical bonding is realizing that all
bonds use electron "glue." Every
substance is made up of atoms, and all
atoms are surrounded by the charged
particles called electrons. Electrons in the
outermost shell can and do bond with
those of other atoms to create everything
from quartz and quarters to plastic and
pennies. In large part, the difference
between materials as diverse as diamonds
and pencils is how they're glued together.

These silver atoms are joined by metallic

bonds.
 “Introduction”

One of the more important advances in

chemistry was the understanding of the
way atoms bond (join together) to form
compounds. Atoms either share pairs of
electrons between them (a covalent
bond), or they transfer one or more
electrons from one atom to another to
form positive and negative ions, which
are held together because of their
opposite charge (the ionic bond). The
electrons farthest away from the nucleus,
the valence electrons, are the ones
involved in bonding. Lewis symbols for
elements show only the valence electrons
possessed by a particular element. The
valence shell becomes uniquely stable
with 8 electrons. Many elements try to fill
out the valence shell with 8 electrons by
forming bonds with other atoms.
 Questions:
♥ Atoms are the building blocks of all
substances. But what is it that keeps
atoms connected together?

♥What constitutes a chemical bond?

♥Why are chemical bonds important?

Answers:
●They are held together by CHEMICAL
BONDS

●A bond is formed when electrons from

two atoms interact with each other and
their atoms become joined.

●The type of chemical bond that occurs in

a molecule or substance in part defines its
properties.

General Emilio Aguinaldo National High

School
Palico IV, Imus, Cavite

MODULE
IN
CHEMISTRY
(Types of Chemical Bonding)

Submitted by:
Apacible, Criselda Anne Marie A.
III- Deuteronomy

Submitted to:
Mrs. De Leon
(Subject teacher)

Message
I would like to dedicate this module
to my beloved parents, sisters &
brothers, relatives, teachers,
classmates/friends & to those people
close to my heart
Especially to our father “GOD”.
Classmates, you’ve been a big part of
my life. Thanks for all the times we’ve
spend together. I will treasure all the
memories..
And for our subject teacher in
chemistry, Mrs. De Leon sorry for all
the bad things that we did this school
year. Thanks for being understanding
and persistent…

I hope you all do appreciate my work.

God blessed us!!!