A PAPR Reduction Method for STBC MIMO-OFDM Systems Using SLM in combination with Subband Permutation

Ben Jma Ahmed Bassem

Laboratory SysCom Ecole Nationale dIngnieurs de Tunis ENIT Tunis, Tunisia Ahmed.BenDjemaa@isetgb.rnu.tn

Jarboui Slaheddine
Laboratory SysCom Ecole Nationale dIngnieurs de Tunis ENIT Tunis, Tunisia slaheddine.jarboui@fss.rnu.tn

Bouallegue Ammar
Laboratory SysCom Ecole Nationale dIngnieurs de Tunis ENIT Tunis, Tunisia ammar.bouallegue@enit.rnu.tn

AbstractMultiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is an attractive transmission technique for high-bit-rate communication systems. MIMO-OFDM has become a promising candidate for high performance 4G broadband wireless communications. However, like OFDM, one main disadvantage of MIMOOFDM is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitters output signal on different antennas. The selected mapping (SLM) approach provides good performance for PAPR reduction, but applying separately on each antenna this method doesnt benefit additional degrees of freedom providing by the use of multiple antennas. In this paper, we propose a more efficient solution using SLM in combination with sub band Permutation. Index TermsMultiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), peak to average power ratio (PAPR), selected mapping (SLM).

[11], and multiple signal representation techniques [12] such as partial transmit sequence (PTS) [13], selected mapping (SLM) [14], and interleaving [15]. In this paper, we propose a more efficient solution for PAPR reduction using SLM in combination with sub band Permutation. Simulation results are presented which demonstrate that the proposed reduction PAPR method achieves significantly better performance than the SLM scheme. The paper is organized as follows. The PAPR of a mlticarrier signal is described in Section II. After a brief review of the existing PAPR-reduction methods: SLM Technique and Subband Permutation method, the proposed PAPR-reduction algorithm is developed in Section III. Simulation results are then presented in SectionIV. Conclusions are drawn in Section V. II. THE PAPR OF A MULTICARRIER SIGNAL A multicarrier signal is the sum of many independent signals modulated onto subchannels of equal bandwidth. Let us denote the data block of length N c as a vector : of subcarriers and (.)T denotes transpose. The complex baseband representation of a multicarrier signal is given by :

I. INTRODUCTION n recent years, the multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMOOFDM) is a promising technique for high-bit-rate transmission. Owing to the high spectral efficiency and the immunity to multipath channels OFDM has been adopted for a number of applications, such as the standard for digital radio audio broadcasting (DAB), the standard for digital video broadcasting (DVB), HIPERLAN/2, IEEE 802.11a, and IEEE 802.16. One main disadvantage of OFDM at the transmitter is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal. These large peaks require linear and consequently inefficient power amplifiers. A number of approaches have been proposed to deal with the PAPR problem. These techniques include amplitude clipping [7], clipping and filtering [8], coding [9], tone reservation (TR) [10], tone injection (TI) [10], active constellation extension (ACE)

X = X 0 , X 1 ,..., X Nc 1

where N c is equal to the number

x(t ) =

1 Nc

N c 1 m =0

.e

j 2m f t

0 t Tu

(1)

Where f is the subcarrier spacing, and Tu = N cT = 1 / f denotes the useful data block period. The PAPR of the transmit signal is defined as :

Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (ICWMC'07) 0-7695-2796-5/07 $20.00 2007

PAPR =

max x(t )
0t Tu

E x(t )

max x(t ) 1 Tu
0 t Tu Tu

(2)

u = [bu , 0 , bu ,1 ,..., bu , N 1 ] , u = 1,...,U

c

(4) (5)

x(t )
0

dt

X u = X u ,0 , X u ,1 ,..., X u , Nc 1 , u = 1,...,U
Where X u ,n = X n bu ,n ,

where E[] denotes expectation. . Usually the OFDM signal is processed by digital signal processors, therefore, we will express it in discrete time. In the remaining part of this article, an approximation will be made in that only N c L equidistant samples of x(t ) will be considered where L is an integer that is larger than or equal to 1. It was shown in [2] that an oversampling factor of four is sufficient to approximate the true PAPR. The PAPR computed from the L-times oversampled time-domain signal samples is given by :

u = 1,...,U

n = 0,..., N c 1

To include the unmodified data block in the set of modified data blocks, we set 1 as the all-one vector of length Nc . Among the modified data blocks X u , u = 1,2..., U the one with the lowest PAPR is selected for transmission. B. Review Of Subband Permutation method For simplicity, let us consider a STBC MIMO-OFDM system that employs Alamouti scheme [1]. During the first symbol period, two OFDM symbols :

PAPR =

0 k Nc L

max x(k )

E x(k )

(3)

X 1 = X 1 , X 11 ,..., X 1 c 1 N 0

III. PROPOSED PAPR REDUCTION METHOD USING SLM IN COMBINATION WITH SUBBAND PERMUTATION A. Review of SLM Technique In the SLM technique, the transmitter generates a set of sufficiently different candidate data blocks, all representing the same information as the original data block, and selects the most favorable for transmission. A block diagram of OFDM transmitter with the SLM technique is shown in Figure 1.

]
*

and X 2 = X 2 , X 2 ,..., X 2 N 1 0 1
c

are

transmitted from antennas 1 and 2, respectively. During the next symbol period X 2 is transmitted from antenna 1, and
*

elementwise complex conjugate operation. With orthogonal STBC, the PAPR reduction needs to be done only for the first symbol period.

X 1 is transmitted from antenna 2, where (.)* denotes the

1
IFFT
Partition into blocks and serial to parallel conversion

Permutation

1 1 X1 X 2

1 XM

Select one with minimum PAPR

X X

2 1

2 2

2 M

2
IFFT

Data source

f
X
Figure 2. Subband permutation method

U
IFFT

XU

For an MIMO-OFDM system with 2 transmit antennas and N c subcarriers as shown in Fig. 2, total subcarriers are divided into M subbands of equal sizes, represented as :

X i = X 1i , X i2 ,..., X iM

where

i denotes the index of

Figure 1. Block diagram of OFDM transmitter with the SLM technique.

Each data block X = X 0 , X 1 ,..., X N 1 c

is multiplied

transmit antenna. With two antennas, after performing Subband Permutation on the first subblock, we obtain 2 different OFDM sets of sequences. These are : The original sets X 1 = X 1 , X 1 ,..., X 1 0 1 M

element by element with different phase sequences, each of length N c .

and X 2 = X 2 , X 2 ,..., X 2 0 1 M

Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (ICWMC'07) 0-7695-2796-5/07 $20.00 2007

Ant 2

X1

Ant 1

and the original set with the first subblock swapped :

X = X 0 , X 1 ,..., X M

and X = X , X ,..., X 0 1 M

IV. SIMULATION RESULT To evaluate the PAPR performance accurately from the statistical point of view, the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) of the PAPR of the OFDM signals is used to describe the probability of exceeding a given threshold PAPR0 , CCDF = Pr (PAPR > PAPR0 ) .

Same operations are then performed on all other subblocks. With M subblocks and 2 antennas, totally M 2 permutated sequence sets can be obtained. Out of these M 2 sequence sets, based on a certain criterion, a set X 1 , X 2 with the best PAPR property is chosen for In [4] a simple approximate expression is derived for the CCDF of the PAPR of a multicarrier signal : transmission. Here, we consider a minimum average (minaverage) criterion. For each of 2 M sequence sets, we N 1 2 Pr (PAPR > PAPR0 ) = 1 (1 exp( PAPR0 )) c (6) first calculate the PAPR of X and X and denote it as PAPR X 1 , PAPR X 2 . Then, we find the average PAPR The assumption made above that the signal samples is of and and denote it as X1 X2 mutually independent and uncorrelated is not true anymore 1 2 mean PAPR X , PAPR X . when oversampling is applied. The effect of oversampling is approximated by adding a certain number of extra signal samples. The distribution of PAPR for oversampled signal is After identifying averages for all 2 M sequence sets, we given by : pick a set with the minimum 1 2 mean PAPR X , PAPR X for transmission. N Pr (PAPR > PAPR0 ) = 1 (1 exp( PAPR0 )) c (7)

( )

( )}

{ {

( ) ( )

( )} ( )}

C. Proposed PAPR Reduction Method SLM technique is used to generate for every antenna a u ,i set of sufficiently different candidate data blocks X , all representing the same information as the original data block

It was shown in [5] that = 2.3 is a good approximation for 4-times oversampled OFDM signals. An approximate expression for the PAPR of the SLM technique is deriving in [5]. If the phase sequences from different branches in the SLM technique is independent and uncorrelated, the CCDF of the PAPR of an OFDM signal after applying SLM technique is derived as :
U Pr PAPRSLM > PAPR0 = 1 (1 exp( PAPR0 )) U SLM

X = X 0 , X 1 ,..., X Nc 1
transmit antenna. X
u ,i

where

i denotes the index of

is given by :

X u ,i = X ui ,0 , X ui ,1 ,..., X ui , N c 1 , u = 1,...,U
Where X u ,n = X n bu , n ,
i i

) (

N c U

u = 1,...,U

n = 0,..., N c 1

where PAPR denotes the PAPR of the SLM technique with U phase sequences. In the results which follow, 105 random OFDM sequences were generated to obtain the CCDFs. We use two transmit antennas and N c = 64 subcarriers. The input constellation used is 4-QAM. Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5 shows PAPR comparisons between the conventional MIMO-OFDM without PAPR reduction scheme, the PAPR CCDF of the SLM scheme and the proposed method for the case of two transmit antennas, for U=2, U=4 and U=6 respectively. There are several observations that can be made from these plots. Firstly, the proposed scheme achieves significantly better performance than the SLM scheme. From figure 3, where U is fixed at 2 the PAPR reduction gain of the proposed method is about 2 dB for M = 2, 3 dB for M = 4 and 3 dB for M = 8 compared with the SLM 4 scheme one at 10 . One notices that from the M=4 value

u denotes the index of phase sequences.

With U different candidate data blocks for every antenna, after performing Subband Permutation on the first subblock, we obtain U 2 different OFDM sets of sequences. Same operations are then performed on all other subblocks. With M subblocks, two antennas and U different candidate data blocks for every antenna, totally U 2 M 2 permutated sequence sets can be obtained. Out of these U 2 M 2 sequence sets, based on minimum average (minaverage) criterion, a set X 1 , X 2 with the best PAPR property is chosen for transmission.

Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (ICWMC'07) 0-7695-2796-5/07 $20.00 2007

the observed gain varies weakly while comparing it with the increase of the complexity of the system. From figure 4, where U is fixed at 4 the PAPR reduction gain of the proposed method is about 1.7 dB for M = 2, 2 dB for M = 4 and 2 dB for M = 8 compared with the SLM 4 scheme one at 10 . The same remark observed for U=2 remains valid here. From figure 5, where U is fixed at 6 the PAPR reduction gain of the proposed method is about 1.4 dB for M = 2, 1.7 dB for M = 4 and 1.7 dB for M = 8 compared with the SLM

scheme one at 10 . For U=4 and U=6, It is not profitable to go beyond the M=2 value to improve the PAPR of the OFDM signal. To have a better compromise between the complexity of the system and gain in comparison with the SLM method of reduction of the PAPR, the following value of M=4 can be used for U=2. For U=4 and U=6, the following value of M=2 can be used.

Figure 3. PAPR comparisons (U=2)

Figure 4. PAPR comparaisons (U=4)

Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (ICWMC'07) 0-7695-2796-5/07 $20.00 2007

Figure 5. PAPR comparaisons (U=6)

V. CONCLUSIONS In this paper, a more efficient solution using SLM in combination with sub band Permutation is proposed for STBC MIMO-OFDM Systems. The proposed method was shown to have a 23 dB PAPR reduction gain for 2 transmit antennas, compared with the SLM scheme. To have a better compromise between the complexity of the system and gain in comparison with the SLM method, the following value of M=4 can be used for U=2. For U=4 and U=6, M=2 can be used. Our simulations have demonstrated that, considerable performance improvement can be achieved by the proposed PAPR-reduction method. Furthermore, the proposed algorithms offer a tradeoff between performance and computational complexity, which can be used to advantage in practical situations. REFERENCES
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