School of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology MIDTERM EXAMINATION

BMED3400

February 10, 2011 Name (please print)

This is a one hour and twenty minute, closed-book and closed-notes exam. Calculators and one handwritten letter-size sheet are allowed. Show all your work. Show free body diagram and other graphs as appropriate. Plug in numbers only at the end of a problem.

HONOR CODE The conditions of this exam are subject to the Georgia Institute of Technology Academic Honor Code. On my honor, I pledge that I have neither given nor received inappropriate aid in the preparation of this examination.

Signature

Problem 1 2 3 4 Total

Percentage 25 25 25 25 100

Score

page 1 of 5

1. Multiple choices (check only one answer per group) i) Principle of moments A) is the same as the static equation Mi = 0; B) can be used to determine the center of gravity. C) Both A and B. D) Neither A nor B. ii) Saint-Venant's principle A) ensures that, beyond a short distance away from the two ends, the normal stress in any cross section along the long axis of the rod is uniformly distributed (see Fig. 1); 1 F = 1 kip B) applies to elastic materials only. i 2 3 i = 1, 2, 3 C) Both A and B. F = 3 kip Fig. 1 D) Neither A nor B. iii) Principle of superposition A) is valid for all mechanics problems; B) is only applicable to linear systems. C) Both A and B. D) Neither A nor B. iv) Thermal strain A) is dependent on temperature; B) is independent of externally applied force. C) Both A and B. D) Neither A nor

page 2 of 5

2. While standing the tibia and fibula bones are always in compression. The following diagram is a representative of the fibula and tibia under compression under the applied load F. a) List your assumptions about how the applied load is shared by the tibia and fibula. b) Draw graphs of the requested quantities on the axes provided, under the indicated applied external load F. c) Describe how to determine the maximum strain of the tibia and fibula if failure occurs at f? (equations, what other information do you need to know if any) y

Fibul a

Tibia

P(y) = internal axial force (N) y y

Fig. 2

(y) = normal stress

(y) = normal strain

page 3 of 5

3. A titanium hip implant with a Youngs modulus Et = 112 GPa is pushed by a force F = 500 N from the top to insert into the hole of a femur (Fig. 3). a) Draw a free body diagram for the implant with a simplified geometry and an axial force diagram along the long axis of the implant. b) Approximate the shape of the implant by a tapering cylinder with diameters D = 2 and 1 cm at circular cross sections A and B, respectively, connected to a cylinder with a diameter of Dt = 1 cm from circular cross sections B to C. Identify the cross-section where stress is maximal. c) Determine the total compression of the implant, assuming the length L (= 10 cm) between sections A-B is the same as that between sections B-C. (Do you have to make other assumptions? If so, what?) d) Use this problem as an example to illustrate the principle of superposition.

F A

F Fig. 3

page 4 of 5

4. Revisit Problem 3. Now consider the partition of forces between the implant and the bond between cross sections B-C. To avoid sliding the implant is cemented to the bone, i.e., the interface between the implant and the bone is perfectly bound. a) Is this problem statically determinant? If so, explain. If not, find an additional condition required to solve the problem. b) Given the data from Problem 3 as well as the femurs Youngs modulus Eb = 30 GPa and outer diameter Db = 3 cm from circular cross sections B to C, find the axial forces Ft and Fb exerting on the implant and the bone. c) Find the total compression of the implant between cross sections B-C. d) Compare your result for c) in this problem and the corresponding result (between cross sections B-C) in Problem 3c. Are they the same? Why (why not)?

page 5 of 5