Assignment 1
Meaningful learning forms the bases of conceptual change. The learning is intentional
and dynamic, which occurs within a constructive process.
• Dynamic describes a vibrant, vigorous active process that are not lethargic or
apathetic and tend to change according to the maturity level of the domain
knowledge.
Conceptual change occurs when learners change their understanding of the concepts
they use and of the conceptual framework that include them. Smith. (et al. 1993) refers
to conceptual change as an evolutionary process of adding concepts and reorganizing
knowledge structures to include new concepts. However I, tend to differ with the above
mentioned statement. The focus of conceptual change is to construct new knowledge
and utilize that to build models to solve problems. The models that learners build and
alter indicate the constructed knowledge by changing the conceptions of what they are
learning. A lack of skill to build a model is a clear indication that learning was not
constructed effectively and learning did not occur.
Revolutionary theorists such as (Thagard, 1992), state that conceptual change occurs if
there are inconsistencies with regard to learners personal believes and assumptions.
This leads to the believe that we are persuaded to change our perceptions to accept
new knowledge. Data that had not been processed, can contradict the existing
conceptualization of knowledge, that will ultimately result in change when processed, to
form information and therefore creating models to solve problems.
Conceptual change will be hampered if low domain knowledge is experienced. This will
ultimately lead to a lack of conceptual change. Conceptual change is a flow that is
controlled by alearner’s outlook to change.
2. Briefly explain Jonassen’s use of the term modeling
Modeling refers to the building and construction of models. These models function as
tools and instruments for investigations. They are intellectual autonomy that is
independent from theories.
By building these instruments of models, we find out what elements of theory fit together
that are real and relevant. Through this process, choices are made and in the decision
making process lays the learning.
According to Morgan, we learn from using models, but the actual learning depends on
how we transfer the skills and knowledge we learn. Through construction we put
together parts of life experiences that are authentic. This can be manipulated by
influencing and it can control learning by adding to the existing knowledge. The models
can be tested by adding it to the new domain knowledge. Conceptual modeling provides
an intellectual engine that creates an opportunity to solve problems. The intellectual
engine refers to careful thinking and is a mental effort.
3. Briefly discuss the meaning of the word mindtool
• database tools
• spreadsheets
• semantic networks (concept maps)
• computer conferencing
• hypermedia construction
• mind maps
• diagram software
• graphic software
• word processors
• EPPS-Shells.
According to the mental model theory, problem solving depends on the construction and
manipulation of mental models (internal representations) in the mind. The construction
of a mental model results from links made between the elements of the problem
description and the underlying knowledge base.
or
External (Which can be concrete)
It can make use of Math diagrams / Mindmaps / Language /Diagrams, etc.
Domain knowledge
Systems
Models of systems are indicative of an integrated view of the world. It enables the
learner to build models that focus and their internal interactions. Models on systems
can show a function of factors, as part of a larger whole. It can also show the
interactions of components within any system.
Thinking
Instead of modeling content the kind of thinking that are required to solve a problem,
make a decision or complete a task can also be constructed an a model.
Experiences
Meaning to experiences and personal actions can be organized in the form of stories. In
this method content is collected and studied. This information can be put in a model for
example in a database.
Question 6
Cognitive load.
The construction of models is not an easy task; it demands a greater cognitive effort
from the person doing the constructing. Integrating of the textual and diagrammatic
information are said to place heavy demands on working memory. The fact that
integration of multiple sources of information needs to be integrated in constructing of
models
Developmental differences
Models that are constructed require a specific level of intellectual development therefore
different kinds of models would require different kinds of intellectual development.
Databases and concept maps might be easy for younger learners whereas system
modeling tools might be more advanced.
Fidelity
http://www.ied.edu.hk/apfslt/v8_issue2/joan/joan8.htm#eight
http://www.ied.edu.hk/apfslt/v8_issue2/joan/joan4.htm
http://www.cs.uta.fi/tao/jonassen-list.pdf
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/94518604/abstrac