Handout 3: Past Simple Tense We use Past Simple Tense to express an action finished at a specific time in the past.

You state when it happened using a time expression such as, yesterday, last month, two days ago, etc. 1. It can be used to describe events that happened over a period of time in the past but not now. Example: I lived in Asia for two years. 2. It also used to talk about habitual or repeated actions that took place in the past. Example: When I was a child we always went to the seaside on holidays Past Present Future Time Phrases: Some common time expressions used with the past tense are: yesterday in 19.. many years ago last night, Saturday before this year a long time ago at that time for many years

There are two kinds of verbs, Regular Verbs and Irregular Verbs Regular Verb is a verb that forms its past tense and past participle by adding d or -ed (or in some cases -t) to the base form also known as a weak verb. Spelling 1.1 Verb ending in e add d: Examples: arrive . . phone smile arrived phoned smiled Pronunciation 1.1 Verb ending in ed preceded by a voiceless sounds are sounds that are produced with no vibration of the vocal chords. The voiceless sounds in English are /f/,/k/,/p/,/s/,/ch/,/sh/,/th/ are pronounced as /t/ after these sounds. Example: laughed, walked, hopped, missed, watched, washed

1.2 Verb not ending in -e add ed: Examples: ask clean follow asked cleaned followed

Handout 3: (add) Spelling 1.3 Verb spelt with a single vowel letter followed by a single consonant letter double the consonant: Examples: stop plan stopped planned Pronunciation 1.2 Verb ending in -ed preceded by a voiced sounds are sound that are produced with vibration of the vocal chords. The voiced sounds in English are /b/,/g/,/l/,/m/,/n/,/r/,/v/,/z/. These sounds are pronounced as /d/. Example: robbed, hanged, judged, pulled, skimmed, cleaned, blurred, saved, buzzed

1.4 Two-syllable verbs the final consonant is doubled when the last syllable contains a single vowel letter followed by a single consonant letter and is stressed: Examples: permit prefer permitted preferred

1.3 When the words ends in /d/, t/, the ed is pronounced as a separate syllable: /Id/ Example: decided, added, graded, visited, wanted, suggested

1.5 Dont double in the two-syllable verbs in the final consonants that stress is on the first syllable: Examples: enter visit entered visited

1.6 When there is a consonant before -y, change -y to -i before add -ed: Examples: carry fry add ed in the past: Examples: play delay played delayed carried fried Therefore, if a regular verb ends in either of these sounds, the past tense will have one more syllable than the simple form.

1.7 When they have a vowel before -y, simply

Handout 3: (add) Irregular Verb is a verb that does not follow the usual rules for verb forms also known as a Strong verb. Verbs in English are irregular if they don't have a conventional -ed form (like asked or ended) Type 1: All the same Base Form bet bid broadcast burst cost cut hit hurt let put quit set shut split spread Past Simple Form bet bid broadcast burst cost cut hit hurt let put quit set shut split spread Past Participle Form bet bid broadcast burst cost cut hit hurt let put quit set shut split spread

Type 2: Past Simple and Past Participle are same Base Form bend bring build buy catch Past Simple Form bent brought built bought caught Past Participle Form bent brought built bought caught

Handout 3: (add) Type 2: Past Simple and Past Participle are same (add) Base Form creep deal dig feed feel fight find flee get hang have hear hold keep kneel lay lead leave lend light lose make mean meet pay read say Past Simple Form crept dealt dug fed felt fought found fled got hung had heard held kept knelt laid led left lent lit lost made meant met paid read said Past Participle Form crept dealt dug fed felt fought found fled got hung had heard held kept knelt laid led left lent lit lost made meant met paid read said

Handout 3: (add) Type 2: Past Simple and Past Participle are same (add) Base Form seek sell send shine shoot sit sleep slide spend spit stand stick sting strike sweep teach tell think understand weep win Past Simple Form sought sold sent shone shot sat slept slid spent spat stood stuck stung struck swept taught told thought understood wept won Past Participle Form sought sold sent shone shot sat slept slid spent spat stood stuck stung struck swept taught told thought understood wept won

Type 3: Base Form and Part Simple are the same Base Form beat Past Simple Form Past Participle Form beat beaten

Handout 3: (add) Type 4: Base Form and Past Participle are same Base Form become come run Type 5: All are different Base Form arise awake be begin bite blow break choose do draw drink drive eat fall fly forbid forget forgive freeze give go Past Simple Form Past Participle Form became become came come ran run Past Simple Form arose awoke was/were began bit blew broke chose did drew drank drove ate fell flew forbade forgot forgave froze gave went Past Participle Form arisen awoken been begun bitten blown broken chosen done drawn drunk driven eaten fallen flown forbidden forgotten forgiven frozen given gone

Handout 3: (add) Type 5: All are different (add) Base Form grow hide know lie mistake ride ring rise see sew shake show shrink sink sing speak spring steal stink swear swim take tear throw wake wear write Past Simple Form grew hid knew lay mistook rode rang rose saw sewed shook showed shrank sank sang spoke sprang stole stank swore swam took tore threw woke wore wrote Past Participle Form grown hidden known lain mistaken ridden rung risen seen sewn shaken shown shrunk sunk sung spoken sprung stolen stunk sworn swum taken torn thrown woken worn written

Handout 3: (add) Study the following examples:

The Beatles didnt sing in Spanish. Did Beatles sing in English? Yes, they did. They sang in English.

The Beatles didnt live Tokyo. Did The Beatles live in Moscow? No, they didnt. They lived in London.

Did is an auxiliary verb. We use did/didnt in past simple negatives and questions. 1. Forming a negative Negatives in the simple past are formed by adding didn't (informal) or did not (formal) before the simple form of the verb. The verb to be is an exception to this; in the case of BE, we just add n't (informal) or not (formal) after "was" or "were": Simple past statement I had a car. You ate my toast. He was here yesterday. They were in the park. 2. Forming a yes/no question Yes/no questions are also created using the auxiliary did. This time, the auxiliary is placed before the subject. The verb BE is an exception; in this case, we move BE before the subject. Here are the rules: Simple past statement He brought his friend. They had a party. You were here. Yes/no question Did he bring his friend? Did they have a party? Were you here? Informal negative I didn't have a car. You didn't eat my toast. He wasn't here yesterday. They weren't in the park. Formal negative I did not have a car. You did not eat my toast. He was not here yesterday. They were not in the park.

Handout 3: (add) 3. Forming a Wh- question Wh- questions (using words such as "what", "when", and "where") are also created by putting the auxiliary did before the subject (or moving BE, as explained above). Then, you add the WH- word at the beginning. Here are some examples: Statement The building fell down. They lived in Vancouver. The store was closed. They were wolves. Yes/no question Did the building fall down? Did they live in Vancouver? Was the store closed? Were they wolves? WH- question Why did the building fall down? Where did they live? Why was the store closed? What were they?