APPROVAL SHEET

This report of biology which is entitled Epithelial Tissue is written by: Name Class : Andi Citra Pratiwi : ICP of Biology

Reg. No : 091404170 After this page is checked by the assistant and the coordinator of assistant, so this report is accepted.

Makassar, March Coordinator of Assistant Assistant

2010

Djumarirmanto,S.pd

Mukhlis Reg.No: 071404173

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background The body of human consists of various kind of tissues which are connected one another. The outer surface of our body is lined by epithelial tissue. The cavity of our body are also lined by epithelial tissue. Not only those, epithelial tissue remains has a lot of function in our body since they are specialized into various types and functions. Epithelial tissue has important rules in our body. Epithelium forms the outer surface of our body, furnishes important parts of the sense organs, and lines the walls of internal cavities. Early histologist described epithelium as a layer of closely connected cells lining the cavities of the body. However, nowadays we have already understood that epithelial tissues do not only serves as the lining of body cavity which is known as covering epithelium. There is another type of epithelial tissue which serves to secretes mucous or sereous. Such epithelial tissue is called glandular epithelial tissue. Glandular epithelial tissue is the covering epithelial tissue which undergo invagination, and develop to be the cells of secretion or the cells of gland. Why must we learn about glandular epithelial tissue? Of course because it is important for us. Not only because our rule as the student of biology department, but also because our awareness of the importance of the science. We should realize that glandular epithelial tissue has the ability to help metabolism process by their avail to secrete mucous, such as the epithelial tissue at intestine (duodenum). Based on that goal, It is important for us to do this experiment. We will have a chance to analyze the structure o glandular epithelial tissue under he microscope. Besides that, it will also particularly expose about the glandular epithelial tissue in our body, both about its classification and about its function. B. Purpose

The purpose of this experiment are as follows: 1. 2. 3. C. Benefit 1. The student will understand about the difference of sweat gland and sebaceous gland. 2. The student will understand about the structure and function of goblet cell at human intestine. 3. the student will understand the function of chromaffin cell at adrenal gland. Observe the sweat gland and sebaceous gland at human skin Observe the goblet cell at human intestine Observe the chromaffin cell at adrenal gland

CHAPTER II PREVIEW OF LITERATURE

Glandular epithelial tissue is tissue which consists of particular cells that avails to secrete liquid components. The composition of liquid as the result of its secretion is different with the composition of blood and extracellular liquid. The rocess of its secretion is followed with the synthesize of known as granule secretory (Pagarra. 2004). Gland is formed from epithelial tissue. Epithelial cells proliferate and pierce into connective tissue. They can maintain their relation with epithelial ot not. If its relation can not be maintained, endocrine gland will be formed. These cells of gland can appear in the form of cord or follicle. Follicle lumen accumulate a great amount of secretion. If its relationship is maintained, so exocrine gland will be formed (Pagarra. 2004). extracellular macromolecules. These component are generally saved in the form of little granule,

Glandular Epithelia - Multicellular epithelial structures that specialize in synthesizing and secreting complex molecules. Glands are commonly classified by the mechanism they use to secrete their products: 2.1. Exocrine glands - Glandular tissue that have ducts that open onto a body surface or into a body cavity. Examples include sebaceous, sweat, and mammary glands. Salivary glands and certain glandular structures of the pancreas that secrete digestive enzymes are examples of exocrine glands secreting into a body cavity. The secretions of exocrine glands can be mucous (viscous), or serous (thin, watery). The ducts of exocrine glands may be simple straight tubes, or can be arranged as more complex branching tubes. Some of the more complex branching duct systems may

terminate in multiple sac-like structures called acini giving them a "bunches of grapes" appearance. Exocrine glands can also be classified by their secretion mechanism.
1.1.1. Merocrine glands - Glands that secrete substances by the process of

exocytosis (fusion of cytoplasmic vesicles with the plasma membrane resulting in the release of their contents into the extracellular space without compromising the integrity of the cell membrane). Sweat glands (eccrine sweat glands) and salivary glands are merocrine in nature. The lining of the respiratory and digestive tracts contain "goblet cells" - glandular epithelia that synthesize and secrete a complex glycoprotein called mucus. Mucus provides a protective function as well as serving as a lubricant.
1.1.2. Apocrine glands - Glands that secrete by shedding the apical portion

of their cytoplasm into a duct (e.g., mammary glands). Sweat glands in the axillae, perianal region, and external genitalia are also apocrine in nature.
1.1.3. Holocrine glands - Glands that secrete by shedding entire cells from

the lining of a duct (e.g., sebaceous glands).

1.2. Endocrine glands - Glandular tissues that have no ducts opening onto a

surface or into a cavity. Most endocrine glands secrete their products (hormones) across basement membranes into connective tissues where they are absorbed by nearby blood vessels and transported to target organs (e.g., pituitary, and adrenal glands).
2.

Unicellular Glands - These are the simplest forms of glands which consist of

single cells called goblet cells commonly found in the lining of the digestive and respiratory tracts. The secretory product of unicellular glands is mucous.

CHAPTER III OBSERVATION METHOD

A. Time and Place This experiment had been done at : Day and date Time Place B. Tool and Material 1. Tools : a. Microscope b. Pipette c. Drawing book d. Pencil 2. Materials : The permanent speciment of: a. Sweat gland and sebaceous gland at Human skin b. Goblet cell at human intestine c. Chromafin cell at adrenal gland C. Work Procedure 1. Prepared all the tools and materials which was needed 2. Set the misroscope to get the best lighting 3. Took and put the permanent speciment on the stage of microscope 4. Rotated the coarse adjustment knob and smooth adjustment knob of the microscope until : Saturday, March 27th 2010 : 14.00 16.00 : Laboratory of Biology, Mathematic and Science Faculty of Makassar State University

Get the best appearance of the speciment which would be observed. 5. When the best appearance of speciment could be found, stop rotating the smooth Adjustment knob 6. Drew the image which appeared at the microscope 7. After drawing, rotate the coarse adjusment knob to turn up the tube of microscope. Then, changed the speciment at the stage with the next speciment. 8. Repeated the steps above to get the best appearance of the speciment, and than draw each image of each speciments.

CHAPTER IV OBSERVATION RESULT

A. Observation result 1. Sweat gland at human skin Note: 1. Sweat gland

2. Sebaceous gland at human skin

Note: 1. Sweat gland

3. Goblet cell at Intestine (duodenum) Note: 1.

1. Chromaffin cell at adrenal gland

Note: 1. Sweat gland

B. Discussion 1. Human skin As the result of observation, the existence of sweat gland and sebaceous gland at the human skin can be proofed. Sweat gland is the type of apocrine gland which secrete the sweat by broking the apical part of its cells. Meanwhile, sebaceous gland is the type of holocrine gland. The secrete is prodeced by bursting the whole cell to be the result of secretion.

The secretion process of sebaceous gland are as follows: first, basal layer of sebaceous gland undergo mitosis. Then, cell is pressured to the center and contains points of fat and also secreting granules or vacuoles. The closer to he center, the paler it is looked, vacuole be more, nutrient is less, and finally the cell is dead. Fatty cells which are dead will be unattached. The unattached dead fatty cell is finally known fat which appears on the skin. 2. Goblet cell at intestine (duodenum) The small intestine is a tube about 7 meters. Long and divisible into three portion, the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The main function of the small intestine are as the forwarding of the chime along its course, continued digestion of the chime by special juices secreted by its lining cells and accessory gland, and also to absorb nutritive material into the blood and lymph vessels. Based on the result of experiment, the existence of goblet cell at the intestine can be proofed. Goblet cells are scattered between the cylindrical epithelial cells. In the small intestine, where most of the absorption take place, its villies serve to help intestine absorb maximally. The villies which decay their nucleus is called goblet cell. Goblet cell is unicellular gland which serves to secretes mucous. Hence, it has an avail to help metabolism process at the intestine, especially to give moisturize for the intestine. 3. Chromaffin cell at adrenal gland

CHAPTER V CONCLUTION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion Based on the result of this experiment, we can conclude that epithelial tissue is classified according to its shape and layer. There are three kinds of epithelial tissue based on its layer, they are simple epithelial, stratified epithelial, and pseudostratified epithelial. Meanwhile, there are also three kinds of epithelial tissue based on its shape, they are squamous epithelial, cuboida epithelial, and columnar

epithelial. In addition, The epithelial tissues can also be classified according to their functions, they are covering epithelial tissue and glandular epithelial tissue. B. Suggestion 1. It will be better to learn about the topic of Epithelial Tissue before doing this experiment. 2. Be careful to analyze and draw each kind of tissue to get an accurate data.
3. While experimenting, use the microscope in the right and good

manners.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anonyma. 2010. Epithelial Tissues. http:// Accessed at March 20th 2010. Bevelander, Gerrit. Dkk. 1988. Dasar-Dasar Histologi. Jakarta: Erlangga

Bloom, William. 1964. A Text Book of Histology. USA: W.B. Saunders Company. Currey, Charles J. 2005. Part II: Epithelial http://universityofflorida.com. Accessed at March 20th 2010. Tissue.

Pagarra, Halifah, Ir. Drs, Adnan, M.S. 2004. Struktur Hewan. Makassar: FMIPA UNM