TRIZ TRIZ TheoryofInventiveProblem Solving

AnOverview
E.H.Gillespie April19,2010 April 19, 2010

WhatIf? What If? What is in this book? Whatisinthisbook? W ld i h l Wouldithelpyouto haveamethodtofind solutionsfordifficult l ti f diffi lt problemswithabetter chanceofsuccess? h f ?

WhatisTRIZ? What is TRIZ?

TRIZisaRussianacronymstandingfor TheoryofInventiveProblemSolving Theory of Inventive Problem Solving TRIZ

Is a systematic structured way of thinking Isasystematic,structuredwayofthinking. Capturesthescienceoftechnologicalevolution. H l b k Helpsbreakpsychologicalinertia. h l i li i Focusesongeneratinginnovativeconcepts

HowcanTRIZhelpme? How can TRIZ help me? TRIZ can help TRIZcanhelp
Solvecurrenttechnicalproblems. A hi Achievesignificantcostreductions. i ifi t t d ti Producebreakthroughnewproducts. Produceintellectualpropertyoutrightand/or / avoidintellectualpropertyconflictswithothers. F Forecasttechnologicaldevelopment. tt h l i ld l t

Butitmaybehardtohelp somefolks.... f

Acknowledgement

IamdeeplyindebtedtoAwadGharibofDanaher ToolGroupwhotrainedandmentoredmeonthis l h i d d d hi subject.Histeachingsandsynthesisofother referenceswereinvaluableinthepreparationof references were invaluable in the preparation of thispresentation.

Whereareweheaded? Where are we headed? TRIZ is a broad collection of tools and TRIZisabroadcollectionoftoolsand methods. T d I l TodayIplanto.
IntroducethehistoryandfoundationsofTRIZ. DiscusshowTRIZfitsintoproblemsolving processes,and Illustratetheapplicationofthefundamentaltools andtechniques.

Howdowesolveproblems? How do we solve problems?

Problem Definition

Concept Development

Verification

Limitations: Problemdefinitionisoften haphazard. p Conceptdevelopmentoften g groundedintrialanderror. Conceptstriedareoftenbiased bypsychologicalinertia.

Priorknowledge&experience Words Pictures,objects&images

Implementation

TheOriginofTRIZ The Origin of TRIZ

Genrich S. Altschuller is GenrichS.Altschulleris consideredthefatherofTRIZ. Asapatentclerkin1946 p initiatedastudyofinventive patents. Heconsideredthehistoryof thesuccessfulproductsand technologies. h l
GenrichS.Altshuller(1926 1998) ThefatherofTRIZ

Altshuller sWork Altshullers Work Studied 200 000 patents worldwide Studied200,000patentsworldwide. Identified40,000inventivepatents Keycontributions:
Levelsofinvention Patternsofinvention Definitionofinventiveproblem Patternsofevolution Algorithmforinventiveproblemsolving(ARIZ) g p g( )

LevelsofInvention Levels of Invention

Level5:Discovery
Pioneeringofanessentiallynewsystem f ll NewScience

Inc creasingInn novation

Level4:Inventionoutsidetheparadigm p g
Newgenerationofsystembasedonchangingtheprinciple performingtheprimaryfunction Solutionderivedfromscience,nottechnology.

Level3:Inventioninsidetheparadigm Level 3: Invention inside the paradigm

Essentialimprovementofanexistingsystem Methodsfromotherfields.

Level2:Improvement L l2 I
Smallimprovementsofanexistingsystem,usuallywith compromise Methodsfromthesameindustry

Level1:Apparentsolution(noinvention)
Establishedsolutions wellknownandreadilyavailable

DistributionofInventionsbyLevel Distribution of Inventions by Level

PatternsofInvention Patterns of Invention

Altschuller noted that different patents in different notedthatdifferentpatentsindifferent technologicalareas(oftenyearsapart)oftenreflectthe samesolution. Thesefundamentalsolutionsarecalledoperators Forexample,patentswereissuedfor
Shellingsunflowerseeds Shelling s nflo er seeds Coringbellpeppers Cleaningfilters g Splittingdiamonds(27yearsaftersunflowerseeds) Theoperator allofthesesolutionsinvolveslowly increasingandthenrapidlydecreasingpressure increasing and then rapidly decreasing pressure

OperatorExample Operator Example Mathematics

AbstractProblem aX2 +bX +c=0

AbstractSolution X=(b+/ (b2 4ac)1/2)/2a ( / ( ) )/

SpecificProblem 3X2 +5X+2=0 Trial&Error

SpecificSolutions 1.5&.5

Altshuller sContribution Altshullers Contribution

Operators p

TheWorldsProblems

TheWorldsSolutions

Abstraction

Specialization

MyProblem

MySolution

Trial&Error

PrimaryAssumptionsforTRIZ Primary Assumptions for TRIZ Technological systems dont evolve randomly Technologicalsystemsdon tevolverandomly butaccordingtoobjectivepatterns. These patterns can be revealed from patents Thesepatternscanberevealedfrompatents andcanbepurposelyappliedwithout numerousblindtrials. numerous blind trials Inventive problems can be codified classified Inventiveproblemscanbecodified,classified andsolvedmethodically,justlikeother engineeringproblems. engineering problems
G.S.Altshuller

TRIZProcess TRIZ Process

Problem Definition

Problem Classification Detection/ Measurement Conflict Harmful Action AbsentAction Technological Forecast

Problem Solving Contradiction Matrix Separation rules ARI ARIZ Directways Indirectways Specialways Special ways

Evaluate Concepts

Stateinitial situation Analyze situation Analyze functions f ti Applyideal ways Lookfor contradictions

Implementation

InitialSituation Initial Situation

Necessarytopulloutknowledgebasefromdiverse perspectivesandalignteammembers Useastructuredtemplate
Stateobjective St t bj ti Developproblemstatements,knownsolutions,andhistory. Statethepurposeofsystem p p y Definesystem,subsystems,andsupersystem Systemenvironment Resources(functional,materials,fields,space,information) (f l l f ld f ) Constraints Evaluationcriteria Evaluation criteria

Asmanyas25%ofproblemsaresolvedatthisstage

FunctionAnalysis Function Analysis One technique to break psychological inertia Onetechniquetobreakpsychologicalinertia. HelpsdiscriminatebetweenWhat(function) and Why (reason) and Why(reason). Helpsunderstandhowsystemworks. Sets up use of Ideal Ways SetsupuseofIdealWays Vehicleforknowledgetransfer Another25%ofproblemsaretypically solvedatthisstage.

FunctionAnalysisExample Function Analysis Example

SubstanceField(SuField) Diagrams
Field
Mech. Force

Tool
Sharpener

UsefulFunction

Object
Pencil

X
HarmfulFunction

Thefunctionofthesharpeneristosharpenthepencil

FunctionDimensions Function Dimensions

Field Types FieldTypes
Mechanical Thermal Chemical Electrical Magnetic Acoustic

Function Types Function Classes FunctionTypes FunctionClasses

Useful
Adequate Insufficient Exceeding

Basic Secondary Auxiliary

Assisting C Correcting ti

Harmful Absent
Problem Solving

Detectionor Measurement
Cost Reduction

Fight Inertia I ti

ConsidertheSystemScale Consider the System Scale

FunctionofScrew

FunctionofBlade FunctionofGuide

FunctionofGraphite

FunctionofWood

Su fieldDiagramsExtended Sufield Diagrams Extended

Wood

Wood W d Shavings

Sharpener

Graphite

X
Graphite Shavings

Pointed Graphite

Paper

Canalsoenvision: Leadtearingpaper Linetoofine Linetoobroad Line too broad Pencildull

Ideality
Value=Benefit/Cost / Ideality=Fu /(Fh +Fc )
UsefulFunctions HarmfulFunctions CostFunction

If(Fh +Fc )=0then Ideality=Infinity Theidealsystem,subsystem,orcomponentdoesnotexist butitsfunctionisperformed.

IdealWays Ideal Ways

IdealWay#1
Eliminatetheneedforthefunctionofanitemand, l h df h f f d therefore,theitemitself.

Ideal Way #2 IdealWay#2

Performthefunctionoftheitembuteliminatethe itemitself. Use resources to perform the function Useresourcestoperformthefunction.

IdealWay#3
Make the item itself eliminate a harmful action or Maketheitemitselfeliminateaharmfulactionor performanewfunctionwithoutanycomplicationor deterioration. Use resources to eliminate harm Useresourcestoeliminateharm.

WhereMightItEnd? Where Might It End?

ImpactUniversalSockets Impact Universal Sockets

Olderdesignsusepins g p andblockstotransmit torqueatanangle. Thesewerefailure These were failure points. ApplyingtheTRIZ Applying the TRIZ principleofidealway#2 ledtotheabilityto transmittorqueatan t it t t anglewithoutblocks andpins. p

Block NoBlock &NoPins

Pins

TRIZProcess TRIZ Process

Problem Definition

Problem Classification Detection/ Measurement Conflict Harmful Action AbsentAction Technological Forecast

Problem Solving Contradiction Matrix Separation rules ARI ARIZ Directways Indirectways Specialways Special ways

Evaluate Concepts

Stateinitial situation Analyze situation Analyze functions f ti Applyideal ways Lookfor contradictions

Implementation

LookForContradictions Look For Contradictions Definingcharacteristicofaninventiveproblem. Conventionalsolution Compromise/Tradeoff A B

Breaking contradictions typically leads to Breakingcontradictionstypicallyleadsto intellectualproperty.

LookForContradictions Look For Contradictions Contradictionscanbeclassifiedastechnicalor physical.

Fortechnicalcontradictionsimprovingonesystem p g y characteristiccausesanothertodeteriorate.
Increasedacceleration Greaterfuelconsumption Thecontradictionmatrixmaybeuseful.

Forphysicalcontradictionsacharacteristicmustbe presentand absent. d b

Alinkageneedstoberigidandflexible. S Separationrulesarethetoolofchoice. ti l th t l f h i

TheContradictionMatrix The Contradiction Matrix

Alltoooften
TheonlytoolassociatedwithTRIZ. Appliedprematurelyandinappropriately.

Altshullerdevelopedlistsof39designparametersand 40inventiveprinciples(oroperators). Altshullerthencreateda39X39matrix.Therows representparametersthatwewanttochange,andthe columnsareparametersthatmightbeinconflict. l t th t i ht b i fli t Matrixintersectionscontaintheinventiveprinciples thathavebeenusedtobreakthecontradiction. that have been used to break the contradiction

RatchetingBoxWrenches Ratcheting Box Wrenches

Using a traditional Usingatraditional boxendwrenchin aconstrainedarea canbeslow. Asocketand ratchetistypically muchfasterbut much faster but maynotfit.

TheContradictionMatrix The Contradiction Matrix

Lengthofsta ationaryobject

Lengthofm movingobject

25.Wasteoftime:increaseinthe 25 Waste of time: increase in the amountoftimeneededtocomplete anaction.

ParametertoImprove e

24 Lossofinformation 25 Wasteoftime 26 Amountofsubstance

1,26

26

30,24, , , 14,5
30,26 15,14, 29

15,2, 30,24, 26,4, 29 14,5 5,16 29,14, 35,18

Potentialoperatorstoconsider: Potential operators to consider: 30 Flexiblefilmorthinmembranes 24 Mediator

14 Spheroidality 5 Combining(integration)

Areaofmo ovingobject

4.Lengthofstationaryobject:thelinear measureofanobject slength,height,or measure of an objects length, height, or widthinthedirectionforwhichno observedmovementoccurs.

ParameterinConflict
3 4 5

RatchetingBoxWrenches Ratcheting Box Wrenches

This contradiction can be eliminated by combining a Thiscontradictioncanbeeliminatedbycombininga boxendprofilewitharatchetingmechanism.

ContradictionMatrixCaveats Contradiction Matrix Caveats

DO NOT short circuit the problem definition step DONOT shortcircuittheproblemdefinitionstep. Besuretodevelopathoroughunderstandingof theconflict(s)investigated. the conflict(s) investigated. Thedesignparametersandtheinventive p principlesarewordedgenericallyandhave p g y particulardefinitions/descriptions.Usethem! Posingalternativecontradictionsmayhelp. Interpretationrequiresabstractiontogofrom yourcasetoageneralcaseandspecializationto getbackagain. b k i

ConditionsforSeparationRules Conditions for Separation Rules F Forphysicalcontradictions,acharacteristic h i l t di ti h t i ti mustbepresentand absent. Contradictionsexistonlyintimeandspace Toeliminatethecontradiction,contradictory requirementsmustbeseparated. Separation rules work best for basic functions. Separationrulesworkbestforbasicfunctions.

SeparationRules Separation Rules Consider:

SeparationinTime S SeparationinSpace ti i S Separationbetweencomponentsandthewhole Separationbetweenparametersorupon condition

SeparationRules
SeparationinTime

The Contradiction The Contradiction

SeparationinSpace

SeparationBetweenParts&Whole Separation Between Parts & Whole

Acharacteristichasonevalue atthesystemleveland A characteristic has one value at the system level and theoppositevalue atthecomponentlevel. Thechainisflexiblebutthelinkisrigid. The chain is flexible but the link is rigid

Acharacteristicexistsatthesystemlevel anddoesnotexist atthecomponent and does not exist at the component level(orviceversa). Epoxyresinandhardenerareliquidsas Epoxy resin and hardener are liquids as componentsbutsolidifywhenmixed.

SeparationBasedonCondition Separation Based on Condition

Characteristicishigh underone Characteristic is high under one conditionandlow underanother. Flowishighwithliquidsandlowfor Flow is high with liquids and low for solids. Characteristicispresent underone conditionandabsent underanother. condition and absent under another. Thecircuitisclosedwithmovementin theroomandopenwhenthereisn t. the room and open when there isnt

ARIZ AlgorithmforInventive ProblemSolving The concepts studied thus far are very helpful Theconceptsstudiedthusfarareveryhelpful butcanbeperplexingforcomplexproblems. Altshuller (and later others) developed this Altshuller(andlaterothers)developedthis algorithmtohelpusersmakeinformed choicesinapplyingthetoolseffectively. choices in applying the tools effectively Eachstepisdesignedtomodifytheinitial understandingofasystemtomakegettingto d di f k i asolutionseasier.

ARIZ AlgorithmforInventive ProblemSolving ARIZ consists of four parts : ARIZconsistsoffourparts.:

Part1 Formulationofsystemconflicts. Part 2 Analysis of the system conflicts and Part2 Analysisofthesystemconflictsand formulationofaminiproblem. Part 3 Analysis of available resources Part3 Analysisofavailableresources. Part4 Developmentofconceptualsolutions.

Unfort natel a more detailed treatment ill Unfortunatelyamoredetailedtreatmentwill havetowaitforanotherday.

Wherehavewebeen? Where have we been? We have Wehave

IntroducedthehistoryandfoundationsofTRIZ. Di DiscussedhowTRIZfitsintoproblemsolving d h TRIZ fit i t bl l i processes,and Introduced fundamental tools and techniques Introducedfundamentaltoolsandtechniques.
Functionanalysis Idealways Ideal ways Contradictionresolution ARIZ

Questions?

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References
Fey,V.,Rivin,E.,InnovationonDemand New ey, ., , ., o at o o e a d e ProductDevelopmentusingTRIZ,Cambridge UniversityPress,Cambridge,UK,2005 Gharib,A.,lecturenotes,2007 Kaplan,S.,AnIntroductiontoTRIZ TheRussian TheoryofInventiveProblemSolving,Ideation International,Inc.,Southfield,MI,2005 T i k J Z Terninko,J.,Zusman,A.,Zlotin,B.,Systematic A Zl ti B S t ti Innovation AnintroductiontoTRIZ,St.Lucie Press,Washington,D.C.,1998 Press Washington D C 1998