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CONTENTS
1 2 3 Scope ..................................................................................................18 Frequency Bands and Channel Arrangement .................................19 Transmitter Characteristics...............................................................20 3.1 Modulation Characteristics.........................................................21 3.2 Spurious Emissions....................................................................21 3.2.1 In-band Spurious Emission ...........................................22 3.2.2 Out-of-Band Spurious Emission ....................................22 3.3 4 Radio Frequency Tolerance .......................................................23 Receiver Characteristics ...................................................................24 4.1 Actual Sensitivity Level ..............................................................24 4.2 Interference Performance ..........................................................24 4.3 Out-of-band Blocking .................................................................25 4.4 Intermodulation Characteristics..................................................25 4.5 Maximum Useable Level............................................................26 4.6 Spurious Emissions....................................................................26 4.7 Receiver Signal Strength Indicator (optional).............................26 4.8 Reference Interference-signal Definition....................................27 Appendix A .........................................................................................28 Appendix B ........................................................................................ 31

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1 SCOPE
The Bluetooth transceiver is operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. This specification defines the requirements for a Bluetooth transceiver operating in this unlicensed band. Requirements are defined for two reasons: Provide compatibility between the radios used in the system Define the quality of the system The Bluetooth transceiver shall fulfil the stated requirements under the operating conditions specified in Appendix A and Appendix B. The Radio parameters must be measured according to the methods described in the RF Test Specification.
This specification is based on the established regulations for Europe, Japan and North America. The standard documents listed below are only for information, and are subject to change or revision at any time. Europe (except France and Spain): Approval Standards: European Telecommunications Standards Institute, ETSI Documents: ETS 300-328, ETS 300-339 Approval Authority: National Type Approval Authorities France: Approval Standards: La Reglementation en France por les Equipements fonctionnant dans la bande de frequences 2.4 GHz "RLAN-Radio Local Area Network" Documents: SP/DGPT/ATAS/23, ETS 300-328, ETS 300-339 Approval Authority: Direction Generale des Postes et Telecommunications Note: A new R&TTE EU Directive will be in effect by March 2000, with the consequence of manufactures declaration of conformity and free circulation of products within the EU. Spain: Approval Standards: Supplemento Del Numero 164 Del Boletin Oficial Del Estado (Published 10 July 91, Revised 25 June 93) Documents: ETS 300-328, ETS 300-339 Approval Authority: Cuadro Nacional De Atribucion De Frecuesias Japan: Approval Standards: Association of Radio Industries and Businesses, ARIB Documents: RCR STD-33A Approval Authority: Ministry of Post and Telecommunications, MPT Note: The Japanese rules are in revision and decision on the revision will take place in Q2 1999. North Americas: Approval Standards: Federal Communications Commission, FCC, USA Documents: CFR47, Part 15, Sections 15.205, 15.209, 15.247 Approval Standards: Industry Canada, IC, Canada Documents: GL36 Approval Authority: FCC (USA), Industry Canada (Canada)

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2 FREQUENCY BANDS AND CHANNEL ARRANGEMENT

The Bluetooth system is operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM (Industrial Scientific Medicine) band. Although globally available, each country has specified a set of frequencies applicable for each country. In order to comply with each countrys regulations the transceiver must use a specified frequency-hopping algorithm as specified in the Baseband Specification.
Geography USA Europe (except Spain and France) Spain1) France1 Japan2) Regulatory Range 2.400-2.4835 GHz 2.400-2.4835 GHz 2.445-2.475 GHz 2.4465-2.4835 GHz 2.471-2.497 GHz RF Channels f=2402+k MHz, k=0,,78 f=2402+k MHz, k=0,,78 f=2449+k MHz, k=0,,22 f=2454+k MHz, k=0,,22 f=2473+k MHz, k=0,22

Table 2.1: Operating frequency bands

Note 1. A harmonisation process has been started to conform to same ISM band as rest of Europe. Note 2. There is a proposal from ARIB to revise the Japanese ISM band to 2400-2483.5 MHz. A decision is expected in Q2 1999.

The channel spacing is 1 MHz. In order to comply with out-of-band regulations in each country, a guard band is used at the lower and upper band edge.
Geography USA Europe (except Spain and France) Spain France Japan Lower Guard Band 2 MHz 2 MHz 4 MHz 7.5 MHz 2 MHz Upper Guard Band 3.5 MHz 3.5 MHz 26 MHz 7.5 MHz 2 MHz

Table 2.2: Guard Bands

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3 TRANSMITTER CHARACTERISTICS
The requirements stated in this section are given as power levels at the antenna connector of the equipment. If the equipment does not have a connector a reference antenna with 0 dBi gain is assumed. Due to difficulty in measurement accuracy in radiated measurements, it is preferred that systems with an integral antenna provide a temporary antenna connector during type approval. If transmitting antennas of directional gain greater than 0 dBi are used, the applicable paragraphs in ETSI 300 328 and FCC part 15 must be compensated for. The equipment is classified into three power classes.
Power Class Maximum Output Power Nominal Output Power Minimum Output Power1)

Power Control 4 to +20 dBm

100 mW (20 dBm)

N/A

1 mW (0 dBm)

-302) to 0 dBm, Optional -302) to 0 dBm, Optional -30)2 to 0 dBm, Optional

2.5 mW (4 dBm)

1 mW (0 dBm)

0.25 mW (-6 dBm)

1 mW (0 dBm)

N/A

N/A

Table 3.1: Power classes

Note 1. Minimum output power at maximum power setting. Note 2. The lower range limit of 30 dBm is not mandatory and may be chosen according to application needs.

A power control is required for power class 1 equipment. The power control is used for limiting the transmitted power over 0 dBm. Power control capability under 0 dBm is optional and could be used for optimising the power consumption and overall interference level. The power steps shall form a monotonic sequence, with a maximum step size of 8 dB and a minimum step size of 2 dB. A class 1 equipment with a maximum transmit power of +20 must be able to control its transmit power down to 4 dBm or less. Equipment with power control capability optimizes the output power in a link with LMP commands (see Link Manager Protocol). It is done by measuring RSSI and report back if the power should be increased or decreased.

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3.1 MODULATION CHARACTERISTICS

The Modulation is GFSK (Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying) with a BT=0.5. The Modulation index must be between 0.28 and 0.35. A binary one is represented by a positive frequency deviation, and a binary zero is represented by a negative frequency deviation. The symbol timing shall be better than 20 ppm.

Ideal Z ero C rossing F t+fd

T ransm it F requency Ft

M in D eviation Fm in Tim e M in D eviation F m in

F t+fd Z ero C rossing E rror

Figure 3.1: Figure 3-1 Actual transmit modulation.

For each transmit channel, the minimum frequency deviation (Fmin) which corresponds to a 1010 sequence should be no smaller than 80% of the frequency deviation (Ft+fd) which corresponds to a 00001111 sequence. In addition the minimum deviation shall never be smaller than 115 kHz. The zero crossing error is the time difference between the ideal symbol period and the measured crossing time. This shall be less than 1/8 of a symbol period.

3.2 SPURIOUS EMISSIONS

The spurious emission, in-band and out-of-band, are measured with a frequency hopping transmitter hopping on a single frequency, meaning that the synthesiser must change frequency between receive slot and transmit slot, but always return to the same transmit frequency. For USA the rules of the FCC parts 15.247, 15.249, 15.205 and 15.209 are applicable regulations. For Japan, RCR STD-33 and for Europe, ETSI 300 328 are applicable regulations.

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3.2.1 In-band Spurious Emission Within the ISM band the transmitter shall pass a spectrum mask, which is given by Table 3.2. The spectrum must comply with FCCs 20-dB bandwidth definition stated below and should be measured accordingly. In addition to the FCC requirement an adjacent channel power on adjacent channels with a difference in channel number of two or greater an adjacent channel power is defined. This adjacent channel power is defined as the sum of the measured power in a 1 MHz channel. The transmitted power shall be measured in a 100 kHz bandwidth using maximum hold. The transmitter is transmitting on channel M and the adjacent channel power is measured on channel number N. The transmitter is sending a pseudo random data pattern throughout the test.
Frequency offset 550 kHz Transmit Power -20 dBc -20 dBm -40 dBm

|M-N| = 2 |M-N| 3

Table 3.2: Transmit Spectrum mask. Note: If the output power is less than 0dBm then, wherever appropriate the FCCs 20 dB relative requirement is overruling the absolute adjacent channel power requirement stated in the above table.
In any 100 kHz bandwidth outside the frequency band in which the spread spectrum intentional radiator is operating, the radio frequency power that is produced by the intentional radiator shall be at least 20 dB below that in the 100 kHz bandwidth within the band that contains the highest level of the desired power, based on either an RF conducted or a radiated measurement. Attenuation below the general limits specified in 15.209(a) is not required. In addition, radiated emissions which fall in the restricted bands, as defined in 15.205(a), must also comply with the radiated emission limits specified in 15.209(a) (see 15.205(c)). FCC Part 15.247c

Exceptions in up to three bands of 1 MHz width centred on a frequency which is an integer multiple of 1 MHz are allowed. They must however comply with an absolute value of 20 dBm. 3.2.2 Out-of-Band Spurious Emission The measured power should be measured in a 100 kHz bandwidth.
Frequency Band 30 MHz - 1 GHz 1 GHz 12.75 GHz 1.8 GHz 1.9 GHz 5.15 GHz 5.3 GHz Operation mode -36 dBm -30 dBm -47 dBm -47 dBm

Idle mode -57 dBm -47 dBm -47 dBm -47 dBm

Table 3.3: Out-of-band spurious emission requirement

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3.3 RADIO FREQUENCY TOLERANCE

The transmitted initial center frequency accuracy must be 75 kHz from Fc. The Initial frequency accuracy is defined as being the frequency accuracy before any information is transmitted. Note that the frequency drift requirement is not included in the 75 kHz. The transmitter center frequency drift in a packet is specified in Table 3.4. The different packets are defined in the Baseband Specification.
Type of Packet One slot package Three slot package Five slot package Maximum drift rate1) Frequency Drift 25 kHz 40 kHz 40 kHz 400 Hz/s

Table 3.4: Frequency drift in a package

Note 1. The maximum drift rate is allowed anywhere in a packet.

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4 RECEIVER CHARACTERISTICS
In order to measure the bit error rate performance; the equipment must have a loop back facility. The equipment sends back the decoded information. This facility is specified in the Test Mode Specification. The reference sensitivity level referred to in this chapter equals to -70 dBm.

4.1 ACTUAL SENSITIVITY LEVEL

The actual sensitivity level is defined as the input level for which a raw bit error rate (BER) of 0.1% is met. The requirement for a Bluetooth receiver is an actual sensitivity level of 70 dBm or better. The receiver must achieve the 70 dBm sensitivity level with any Bluetooth transmitter compliant to the transmitter specification specified in Section 3 on page 20.

4.2 INTERFERENCE PERFORMANCE

The interference performance on Co-channel and adjacent 1 MHz and 2 MHz are measured with the wanted signal 10 dB over the reference sensitivity level. On all other frequencies the wanted signal shall be 3 dB over the reference sensitivity level. The interfering signal shall be Bluetooth modulated (see section 4.8 on page 27). The BER shall be 0.1 %. The signal to interference ratio shall be:
Requirement Co-Channel interference, C/Ico-channel Adjacent (1 MHz) interference, C/I1MHz Adjacent (2 MHz) interference, C/I2MHz Adjacent (3 MHz) interference, C/I3MHz Image frequency Interference2) 3), C/IImage Adjacent (1 MHz) interference to in-band image frequency, C/IImage1MHz Ratio 11 dB1) 0 dB1 -30 dB -40 dB -9 dB1 -20 dB1

Table 4.1: Interference performance

Note 1. These specifications are tentative and will be fixed within 18 months after the release of the Bluetooth specification version 1.0. Implementations have to fulfill the final specification after a 3 years convergence period starting at the release of the Bluetooth specification version 1.0. During the convergence period, devices need to achieve a co-channel interference resistance of +14 dB, an ACI (@1MHz) resistance of +4 dB, Image frequency interference resistance of 6 dB and an ACI to in-band image frequency resistance of 16 dB. Note 2. In-band image frequency Note 3. If the image frequency n*1 MHz, than the image reference frequency is defined as the closest n*1 MHz frequency.

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These specifications are only to be tested at nominal temperature conditions with a receiver hopping on one frequency, meaning that the synthesiser must change frequency between receive slot and transmit slot, but always return to the same receive frequency. Frequencies where the requirements are not met are called spurious response frequencies. Five spurious response frequencies are allowed at frequencies with a distance of 2 MHz from the wanted signal. On these spurious response frequencies a relaxed interference requirement C/I = -17 dB must be met.

4.3 OUT-OF-BAND BLOCKING

The Out of band blocking is measured with the wanted signal 3 dB over the reference sensitivity level. The interfering signal shall be a continuous wave signal. The BER shall be 0.1 %. The Out of band blocking must fulfill the following requirements:
Interfering Signal Frequency 30 MHz - 2000 MHz 2000 - 2400 MHz 2500 3000 MHz 3000 MHz 12.75 GHz Interfering Signal Power Level -10 dBm -27 dBm -27 dBm -10 dBm

Table 4.2: Out of Band blocking requirements

24 exceptions are permitted which are dependent upon the given receive channel frequency and are centred at a frequency which is an integer multiple of 1 MHz. At 19 of these spurious response frequencies a relaxed power level -50 dBm of the interferer may used to achieve a BER of 0.1% and at the remaining 5 spurious response frequencies the power level is arbitrary.

4.4 INTERMODULATION CHARACTERISTICS

The reference sensitivity performance, BER = 0.1%, shall be met under the following conditions. The wanted signal at frequency f0 with a power level 6 dB over the reference sensitivity level. A static sine wave signal at f1 with a power level of 39 dBm A Bluetooth modulated signal (see Section 4.8 on page 27) at f2 with a power level of -39 dBm Such that f0=2f1-f2 and f2-f1 =n*1 MHz where n can be 3, 4, or 5. The system must fulfil one of the three alternatives.

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4.5 MAXIMUM USEABLE LEVEL

The maximum useable input level the receiver shall operate at shall be better than 20 dBm. The BER shall be less or equal to 0,1% at 20* dBm input power.

4.6 SPURIOUS EMISSIONS

The spurious emission for a Bluetooth receiver shall not be more than:
Frequency Band 30 MHz - 1 GHz 1 GHz 12.75 GHz Requirement -57 dBm -47 dBm

Table 4.3: Out-of-band spurious emission

The measured power should be measured in a 100 kHz bandwidth.

4.7 RECEIVER SIGNAL STRENGTH INDICATOR (OPTIONAL)

A transceivers that wishes to take part in a power controlled link must be able to measure its own receiver signal strength and determine if the transmitter on the other side of the link should increase or decrease its output power level. A Receiver Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) makes this possible. The way the power control is specified is to have a golden receive power. This golden receive power is defined as a range with a low limit and a high limit. The RSSI must have a minimum dynamic range equal to this range. The RSSI must have an absolute accuracy of 4dB or better when the receive signal power is 60 dBm. In addition a minimum range of 206 dB, starting from 60 dB and up, must be covered (see Figure 4.1 on page 26).

High limit

206dB

-60dBm4
Figure 4.1: RSSI dynamic range and accuracy

Low limit

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4.8 REFERENCE INTERFERENCE-SIGNAL DEFINITION

A Bluetooth modulated interfering signal is defined as: Modulation = GFSK Modulation index = 0.321% BT= 0.51% Bit Rate = 1 Mbps 1 ppm Modulating Data = PRBS9 Frequency accuracy better than 1 ppm.

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5 Appendix A
5.1 NOMINAL TEST CONDITIONS (NTC)

5.1.1 Nominal temperature The nominal temperature conditions for tests shall be +15 to +35 oC. When it is impractical to carry out the test under this condition, a note to this effect, stating the ambient temperature shall be recorded. The actual value during the test shall be recorded in the test report. 5.1.2 Nominal Power source

5.1.2.1 Mains Voltage

The nominal test voltage for equipment to be connected to the mains shall be the nominal mains voltage. The nominal voltage shall be declared voltage or any of the declared voltages for which the equipment was designed. The frequency of the test power source corresponding to the AC mains shall be within 2% of the nominal frequency.

5.1.2.2 Lead-acid battery power sources used on vehicles

When radio equipment is intended for operation from usual, alternator fed leadacid battery power sources used on vehicles, then the nominal test voltage shall be 1,1 times the nominal voltage of the battery (6V, 12V, etc.).

5.1.2.3 Other power sources

For operation from other power sources or types of battery (primary or secondary), the nominal test voltage shall be as declared be the equipment manufacturer. This shall be recorded in the test report.

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5.2

EXTREME TEST CONDITIONS

5.2.1 Extreme temperatures The extreme temperature range is defined as the largest temperature range given by the combination of: The minimum temperature range 0 C to +35 C The product operating temperature range declared by the manufacturer. This extreme temperature range and the declared operating temperature range shall be recorded in the test report. 5.2.2 Extreme power source voltages Tests at extreme power source voltages specified below are not required when the equipment under test is designed for operation as part of and powered by another system ot piece of equipment. Where this is the case, the limit values of the host system or host equipment shall apply. The appropriate limit values shall be declared by the manufacturer and recorded in the test report.

5.2.2.1 Mains voltage

The extreme test voltage for equipment to be connected to an AC mains source shall be the nominal mains voltage 10%.

5.2.2.2 Lead-acid battery power source used on vehicles

When radio equipment is intended for operation from the usual type of alternator fed lead-acid battery power source used on vehicles, then extreme test voltage shall be 1.3 and 0.9 times the nominal voltage of the battery (6V, 12V etc.)

5.2.2.3 Power sources using other types of batteries

The lower extreme test voltage for equipment with power sources using the following types of battery, shall be a) for Leclanch or lithium type battery : 0.85 times times the nominal voltage of the battery b) for the mercury or nickel-cadmium types of battery: 0.9 times the nominal voltage of the battery. In both cases, the upper extreme test voltage shall be 1.15 times the nominal voltage of the battery.

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5.2.2.4 Other power sources

For equipment using other power sources, or capable of being operated from a variety of power sources (primary or secondary), the extreme test voltages shall be those declared by the manufacturer; these shall be recorded in the test report.

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6 Appendix B
The Radio parameters shall be tested in the following conditions

Parameter Output Power Power control Modulation index Initial Carrier Frequency accuracy Carrier Frequency drift In-band spurious emissions Out-of-band Spurious Emissions Sensitivity Interference Performance Intermodulation Characteristics Out-of-band blocking Maximum Useable Level Receiver Signal Strength Indicator ETC = Extreme Test Conditions NTC = Nominal Test Conditions

Temperature ETC NTC ETC ETC ETC ETC ETC ETC NTC NTC NTC NTC NTC

Power source ETC NTC ETC ETC ETC ETC ETC ETC NTC NTC NTC NTC NTC

Appendix B

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Appendix B