1) The first geograpical factor that helped in the rise of a civillisation is the presence of water.

They rivers served them with many purposes.Rivers were a source of food and a mean of transport.On top of that, the soil near the river is very fertile because of the annual floods by the rivers and thus trees can be planted there. For example, the Indus valley civillastion was near the Indus Valley. The valley was the backbone for the Indus civillastion. This was because people use to fish the fish in the rivers and use it for transport. We know that thet traded and fished in the rivers because fish hooks and toy boats have been found. This shows that rivers are one of the reasons for the rise of civillastion.

The other geographical factor for the rise of a civillastion is natural barriers.Civillasations must concentrate on their developement without worrying about being attacked. For this they need to develop in peace. For example, the Indus was protected by the Himalayan Mountain and the Hindu Kush mountains. The only way pass is through the Khyber Pass.This ensured limited contact between the Indus and other civillastions. This shows us that natural barriers were a reason for the rise of a civillastion.

2) The Indus seals show us that the Indus people had a religon in which they worshipped animals and gave them great importance.They were a very important part of their lifes because they were used as good luck charms and since most of them were farmers they probably worshipped nature, so that it would bring them good harvests. Animals such as the single-horned bull and elephants were carved on the seals and shows that they most likely worshipped these animals. The seals also show us that they had a system of writing.Historians still cannot work out their writing.They used the writing to communicate to others and used it to mark out items. 3. The first reason for the decline for the Indus Civillasation is foregin attack.The whole city was probably wiped out because of it.The Indus people ad no powerful weapons at all.Evidence shows that the aryans moved in afterwards,distorted skeletons were found which suggest that they were totured to death .Evidence shows that Harappas citadel was strengthed just before the collapse whih suggest that the indus people were expecting an attack.Thus one of the reasons for the decline of the indus civillastion is foregin attack. The second reason for the decline of the Indus civillastion is floods.The cities could have been wiped out by a major flood or could have met slow deline because of dieases and poor housing conditions caused by many

floods. Many floods and annual floods occured in the Indus Civillastion which caused damage to the cities. These floods caused dieases and poor housing condtions. Morever, houses were as high as 6m .Therefore, floods could have lead to the decline of the Indus Civillastion.