Best Bakery shop received an order from your school to bake a 5 kg of round cake as shown in Diagram 1 for the

Teachers Day celebration. (Diagram 11)

1)

If a kilogram of cake has a volume of 3800 , and the height of the cake is to be 7.0cm, calculate the diameter of the baking tray to be used to fit the 5 kg cake ordered by your school.

[Use = 3.142] Answer: Volume of 5kg cake = Base area of cake x Height of cake 3800 x 5 = (3.142)( ) x 7 (3.142) = ( ) 863.872 = ( ) = 29.392 d = 58.784 cm 2) The inner dimensions of oven : 80cm length, 60cm width, 45cm height. a) If the volume of cake remains the same, explore by using different values of heights,h cm, and the corresponding values of diameters of the baking tray to be used,d cm. Tabulate your answers First, form the formula for d in terms of h by using the above formula for volume of cake, V = 19000, that is: 19000 = (3.142)(d/2)h = = d d=

Height,h (cm) 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 Table 1

Diameter,d(cm) 155.53 109.98 89.80 77.77 68.56 63.49 58.78 54.99 51.84 49.18

(b (i) h<7cm is NOT suitable,because the resulting diameter produced is too large to fit into the oven, furthermore, the cake would be too short and too wide, making it less attractive. (ii) The most suitable dimensions (h and d) for the cake is h=8cm, d= 54.99cm, because it can fit into the oven, and the size is suitable for easy handling. Answer: h = 8cm, d = 54.99cm, because it can fit into the oven, and the size is suitable for easy handling. (c)(i) The same formula in 2(a) is used, that is 19000 = (3.142) (
2

h. The same process is also

used, that is, make d the subject. An equation which is suitable and relevant for the graph : 19000 = (3.142)( )h 19000/(3.142)h = = d d= d= log d = log d = log h + log 155.53

Table of log d =

log h + log 155.53

Height, h 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0

Diameter, d 155.53 109.98 89.79 77.76 69.55 63.49 58.78 54.99 51.84 49.18

Log h 0.00 0.30 0.48 0.60 0.70 0.78 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.0

Log d 2.19 2.04 1.95 1.89 1.84 1.80 1.77 1.74 1.71 1.69

ii) Based on the graph : a)d when h = 10.5cm h = 10.5cm, log h = 1.021, log d = 1.680, d = 47.86cm b)h when d = 42cm d = 42cm, log d = 1.623, log h = 1.140, h = 13.80cm

3) The cake with fresh cream, with uniform thickness 1cm is decorated. (a) The amount of fresh cream needed to decorate the cake, using the dimensions Ive suggested in 2 (b)(ii) My answer in 2(b)(ii) == h=8cm, d = 54.99cm Amount of fresh cream = volume of fresh cream needed (area x height) Amount of fresh cream = Volume of cream at the top surface + Volume of cream at the side surface. The bottom surface area of cake is not counted, because were decorating the visible part of the cake only (top and sides). Obviously, we dont decorate the bottom part of the cake. Volume of cream at the top surface = Area of top surface x Height of cream = (3.142)( ) x 1 = 2375 cm Volume of cream at the side surface = Area of side surface x Height of cream = (Circumference of cake x Height of cake) x Height of cream = 2(3.142)(54.99/2)(8) x 1 = 1382.23 cm Therefore, amount of fresh cream = 2375 + 1382.23 = 3757.23 cm

(b) Three other shapes (the shape of the base of the cake) for the cake with same height which is depends on the 2(b)(ii) and volume 19000cm3 The volume of top surface is always the same for all shapes (since height is same), My answer (with h = 8cm, and volume of cream on top surface = = 2375cm3) :

1 Rectangle-shaped base (cuboid)

19000 = base area x height base area = length x width = 2375 By trial and improvement, 2375 = 50 x 47.5 (length = 50, width = 47.5, height = 8) Therefore, volume of cream = 2(Area of left/right side surface)(Height of cream) + 2(Area of front and back side surface)(Height of cream) + Volume of top surface = 2(8 x 50)(1) + 2(8 x 47.5)(1) + 2375 = 3935 cm

2 Triangle-shaped base

19000 = base area x height Base area = base area = 2375 x length x width = 2375 length x width = 4750 By trial and improvement, 4750 = 95 x 50 (length = 95, width = 50) Slant length of triangle = (95 + 25)= 98.23

Therefore, amount of cream = Area of rectangular front side surface(Height of cream) + 2(Area of slant rectangular left/right side surface)(Height of cream) + Volume of top surface = (50 x 8)(1) + 2(98.23 x 8)(1) + 2375 = 4346.68 cm

3 Pentagon-shaped base

19000 = base area x height base area = 2375 = area of 5 similar isosceles triangles in a pentagon therefore: 2375 = 5(length x width) 475 = length x width By trial and improvement, 475 = 25 x 19 (length = 25, width = 19) Therefore, amount of cream = 5(area of one rectangular side surface)(height of cream) + vol. of top surface = 5(8 x 19) + 2375 = 3135 cm

(c) Based on the values that you have found which shape requires the least amount of fresh cream to be used? Answer: Pentagon-shaped cake, since it requires only 3135 cm of cream to be used.

When theres minimum or maximum, well, theres differentiation and quadratic functions. The minimum height, h and its corresponding minimum diameter, d is calculated by using the differentiation and function.

Method 1: Differentiation Use two equations for this method: the formula for volume of cake (as in Q2/a), and the formula for amount (volume) of cream to be used for the round cake (as in Q3/a). 19000 = (3.142)rh (1) V = (3.142)r + 2(3.142)rh (2) From (1): h = Sub. (3) into (2): V = (3.142)r + 2(3.142)r( V = (3.142)r + ( ) ) (3)

V = (3.142)r + 38000r-1 ( ) = 2(3.142)r ( 0 = 2(3.142)r ( = 2(3.142)r = r 6047.104 = r r = 18.22 Sub. r = 18.22 into (3): h= h = 18.22 therefore, h = 18.22cm, d = 2r = 2(18.22) = 36.44cm ) ) -->> minimum value, therefore =0

Method 2: Quadratic Functions Use the two same equations as in Method 1, but only the formula for amount of cream is the main equation used as the quadratic function. Let f(r) = volume of cream, r = radius of round cake: 19000 = (3.142)rh (1) f(r) = (3.142)r + 2(3.142)hr (2) From (2): f(r) = (3.142)(r + 2hr) -->> factorize (3.142) = (3.142)[ (r + ) ( ) ] -->> completing square, with a = (3.142), b = 2h and c = 0

= (3.142)[ (r + h) h ] = (3.142)(r + h) (3.142)h (a = (3.142) (positive indicates min. value), min. value = f(r) = (3.142)h, corresponding value of x = r = --h) Sub. r = --h into (1): 19000 = (3.142)(--h)h h = 6047.104 h = 18.22 Sub. h = 18.22 into (1): 19000 = (3.142)r(18.22) r = 331.894 r = 18.22 therefore, h = 18.22 cm, d = 2r = 2(18.22) = 36.44 cm I would choose not to bake a cake with such dimensions because its dimensions are not suitable (the height is too high) and therefore less attractive. Furthermore, such cakes are difficult to handle easily.

Best Bakery received an order to bake a multi-storey cake for Merdeka Day celebration, as shown in Diagram 2. The height of each cake is 6.0 cm and the radius of the largest cake is 31.0 cm. The radius of the second cake is 10% less than the radius of the first cake, the radius of the third cake is10% less than the radius of the second cake and so on. Find the volume of the first, the second, the third and the fourth cakes. By comparing all these values, determine whether the volumes of the cakes form a number pattern? Explain and elaborate on the number patterns. Answer: height, h of each cake = 6cm radius of largest cake = 31cm radius of 2nd cake = 10% smaller than 1st cake radius of 3rd cake = 10% smaller than 2nd cake 31, 27.9, 25.11, 22.599 a = 31, r = V = (3.142)rh Radius of 1st cake = 31, volume of 1st cake = (3.142)(31)(6) = 18116.772 Radius of 2nd cake = 27.9, vol. of 2nd cake = 14674.585 Radius of 3rd cake = 25.11, vol. of 3rd cake = 11886.414 Radius of 4th cake = 22.599, vol. of 4th cake = 9627.995 The volumes form number pattern : 18116.772, 14674.585, 11886.414, 9627.995, ( it is a geometric progression with first term, a = 18116.772, ratio, r = T2/T1 = T3 /T2 = = 0.81)

(b) If the total mass of all the cakes should not exceed 15 kg, calculate the maximum number of cakes that the bakery needs to bake. Verify your answer using other methods. Answer: Sn = Sn = 57000, a = 18116.772 and r = 0.81 57000 = 1 0.81n = 0.59779 0.40221 = 0.81n og0.81 0.40221 = n n=

n = 4.322 therefore, n 4

verifying the answer : When n=5 S5 = (18116.772(1-(0.81)5)) / (1-0.81) = 62104.443> 57000 ( Sn>57000, n = 5 is not suitable)
When n=4

S4 = (18116.772(1-(0.81)4)) / (1-0.81) = 54305.767 < 57000 ( Sn<57000, n = 4 is suitable)