Disease
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
Of the requirements in
English IV
Caroline L. Panlilio
IV – 25
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Introduction
What do you think will happen if all of a sudden you’ll forget everything
about yourself, family and friends? What if you don’t remember anything about
your past, your experiences and your childhood? But worst, what if you forget
your name; you forget who were your parents, your brothers and sisters and
oneself is like a living from scratch, from nothing, we’ll be like child lost on this
very huge world. This is why I become so interested to study and research a
disease that will deteriorate this very what part of our life, “our memory” the
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Acknowledgement
First of all to my parents for their moral and financial support. Also to my
To all my friends and classmate for the help. Especially to my true friends,
Lacel, Joana, Kath, Alet, and Jona, without whom this research could not be
possible.
Of course to our generous English teacher, Ms. Gypsie Valencia. For her
And most especially to God our Father who is the reason of this entire
thing. Thanks for the guidance and knowledge. Thanks for giving me the chance
to live in this wonderful land. Without him, so would I be, and this research will
not be possible.
A billion thanks!!
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Outline
I. Introduction
II. Acknowledgment
III. Outline
a. Disorientation
b. Forgetfulness
c. Language Difficulties
d. Confusion
a. Brain damage
b. Estrogen
c. Smoking
d. Environment
a. Depression
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a. Medical History
b. Brain Scans
a. Exelon
b. Cognex
a. Namenda
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IV. Alzheimer’s disease
that chiefly afflicts old people. It was first described in 1906 by Alois Alzheimer; a
A. Disorientation
where he is and what time of the day it is, but may insist he is Napoleon
and marshalling his troops for a dawn attach and insist you get up and march
with him.
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B. Forgetfulness
C. Language Difficulties
exact onset of the disease may be difficult to identify. Often, the earliest sign is
language, perception, and complex motor skills. The patient gradually declines
over a period of 5 – 10 yrs and may reach a point of loosing control of body
D. Confusion
occurs in toxic or infectious states, high bodily fevers, brain injuries, and often
E. Personality Changes
It is well recognize that disorders affecting the brain can produce changes
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occur in previously well adjusted individuals; ability of emotional expression may
be seen; altered states of awareness are common in acute toxic states; loss of
An ancient dictum states that the personality traits seen in organic brain disease
A.Brain damage
hearing, and speech; as well as movement and sensation of all parts of body is
regulated by nerve cell in relatively small areas of brain. Injury in these areas
complete paralysis, of the face, arm, and leg on the side on the body opposite to
the injury. These defects are apparent in persons after a “stroke” or after certain,
birth injuries resulting in “cerebral palsy”. However the highest level of brain
function man’s mental and emotional capabilities that involves almost the whole
of the cerebral hemi-spheres of his brain are often not impaired by the injuries
associated with “stroke” or “cerebral palsy” since these highest function are not
function includes not only orientation (knowing where you are in time and place),
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Memory and judgment, but also the ability to initiate and modulate strong
emotional reaction, to deal effectively with new ideas and design. Brain damage
B. Estrogen
development, distribution of body hair, and the pitch of the voice. During
C. Smoking
out. The term usually refers to the inhalation of cigarette smoke, the most
Medical studies show that smoking is a great health hazard. These studies
show that the average life expecting of a smoker is three to four years less than
that of a smoker.
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One of the least appreciated influences on disease is environment. Where
a man lives and how he lives may have a greater effect on his health-often in
by the dust he inhales. People who live in the tropics are scourged by malaria, a
get hook worn, a parasitic disease are usually enters the body through the bare
feet. Nevertheless, a civilized environment is not always the healthiest one. The
approximate the good health the worlds least civilized people enjoy as a
birthright.
A. Depression
hopelessness, and loses interest in his usual activities. Some depressed persons
are irritable and distrustful. In deeper depression the patient is dejected, fearful,
and deeply hopeless. His initiative is lost, decision-making becomes very painful,
and he feels rejected and uninvolved. Attention, concentration, and memory may
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B. Effects on the family
patient and his family. Legal and financial issues often become comp heated
when an individual is no longer competent to manage his own affairs socially, the
family may find it hard to maintain the same life-style when a patient is unable to
act responsibly. The family faces many difficult decisions as the disease
progresses. Often the most difficult decision is whether or when to place the
A. Medical History
There are many reasons to taking the history of the present illness before
beginning questions about the past history which are untreated to the present
chief complaints. The patient should have an opportunity to talk about what he
considers important before these questions are asked. Furthermore, one may
better direct (data) the inquiry into the past history, family history and functional
data once one is acquainted with the present situation. (General) Careful
accept the patient’s use of a diagnosing a past illness. It is wise to make some
inquiry into the symptoms and situations which caused a certain diagnosis to be
made. Each past illness should be carefully evaluated from this point of view. For
example, patients often cite a diagnosis (to be made. Each past illness should
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be) of poliomyelitis in childhood to explain some old trouble with an extremity.
Such a statement may not fit with the present findings, and further inquiry about
B. Brain scans
The Brain scan usually becomes positive seven to ten days after
negative in lacunar strokes and may not always be positive in thrombotic and
the head showing both bones and brain tissue may be use to look for sign of
Blood test may be done to help doctors rule out of her potential causes of
psychologist try to discover the way damage to the nervous system affect
behavior. They have use itelligence test like the Wechsler, and have developed
General examination:
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2. Check for pathologic reflexes (e.g., Babinski, suck, snout, grasp).
1. Check the state of consciousness. If the patient is not fully awake, one should
3. Is the patient aphastic can be read a newspaper and write to dictation? If so,
4. Old Memory: Can he give correct information about events which occurred
5. New Memory: Can the patient can call three or four unrelated objects after five
minutes? Can he remember money place under his pillow, in his pajama pocket?
6. Calculation: give a simple problem e.g., six rolls cost 60 each: if you give the
7. Abstractions: How are a ball and orange a like? What do a bath tub and the
9. Picture: How well can the patient interpret a picture in a magazine? Does he
focus on the tiny part; is he unable to integrate it (visual agnosia)? Can the
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10. What is the patient’s mood and mental content? Is he sad or inappropriately
sloppy?
and behavior that can occur Alzheimer’s disease. Much can be done to maintain
the quality of life and improve the care of those with Alzheimer’s throughout the
Currently, these ear two types of drugs that may help in treating mild to
. Tacrine (cognex)
. Rivastigmine (exelon)
Researchers are testing drugs which slow the progression of the disease.
They are also exploring new teaching methods for people who care for
A.Namenda
disease involves shrinkage of the brain together with loss of nerve cells in
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several areas of the brain through to be important for intellectual activity. Under
the microscope, two abnormalities are usually found. Clusters of damaged nerve
neurofibrillary tangles are present within diseased neurons and may interfere with
normal functioning of these cells. In association with these changes in nerve cells
important, since many of the drug treatments for neurological and psychiatric
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Bibliography
Books
Company, 1956, p. 4
3. Dubos, Rene, Maya Pines. Health and Disease. Tim Inc. 1965 Revised
1969, p. 16
4. Weiner, Howard L. M.D, Lawrence P. Levitt M.D. Neurology for the house
officer. 2nd Edition. The Williams & Willkins Company. 1978, p. 21, 53-54
189
Encyclopedia
Internet
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