TEMPERATE BACTERIOPHAGE

TEMPERATE BACTERIOPHAGE
Stable relationship with the host Phage DNA replicates together with the host DNA Late phase proteins are not synthesized Lytic or lysogenic cycles No degradation of the host DNA Modification of the host RNA polymerase

 Cells carrying the temperate phage = lysogen Phage DNA + bacterial DNA = prophage Lysogenic cycle lytic cycle spontaneously or when the host metabolism is disturbed

LYSOGENIC CYCLE
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Phage adsorption, injection of DNA DNA circularization Integration into the host DNA Replication of host and phage DNA Transcription of host and phage DNA Induction by stress, chemicals Excision of the phage DNA from the prophage Degradation of host DNA, modification of the polymerase Early and late phase transcription Assembly of phage particle Host lysis

 Excision from the prophage DNA during induction into the lytic cycle requires excionase, integrase Transcription is controlled by cro, cII proteins determine whether lytic or lysogenic cycle is initiated

LYSOGENY
Circularization of the phage chromosome cohesive ends
Cohesive Ends Lygase

Linear Double Stranded

Opened Circle

Closed Circle

LYSOGENY
Site specific recombination
Enzyme is coded by the phage

gal

bio

Suppression of phage genome expression repressor protein (cI)

Specific Immunity to super-infection (second phage)
gal

gal bio

bio

Map of Lambda Phage

STOPPING LYSOGENY
Induction
Environment is not suitable
gal bio gal bio

Role of protease
recA Protein Degradation of repressor protein cI

gal bio

Excision Lytic growth

gal

bio

CHOICE BETWEEN LYTIC AND LYSOGENIC CYCLES

PL, PR: Promoter to start a competition between both cycles synthesis of cro and N proteins N Protein : regulator protein N binds to tL, tR1, tR2 - synthesizes cII, O, P and Q cII: activator protein O,P: protein to start DNA synthesis

Q: lytic cycle regulator protein N binds to tL synthesizes int, xis, cIII int: integrase xis: excisionase cIII: protein to stablize cII cIII, cII, O, P, Q: early phase genes

LYSOGENIC CYCLE
cII-cIII complex: Binds to PRE activates cI transcription ( repressor) cI: binds to P1 activates int transcription repressor binds to OR, OL - prevents transcription from PR, PL PREVENTS THE LYTIC CYCLE cI is transcribed from PRM - synthesizes repressor

LYTIC CYCLE
Cro protein binds to OR, inhibits transcription from PRM no synthesis of repressor Transcription from PR produces O, P, Q proteins O,P, catalyze DNA replication Q: instructs transcription from PR' synthesize structural proteins and lysozyme

 BACTERIOPHAGE
Host = E. coli Temperate phage Sticky cos ends Host DNA ligase circularizes phage DNA Lytic or lysogenic cycle Genes are arranged according to function Host RNA polymerase is modified Replication by rolling circle or theta Sequential transcription Integrates into the host genome by recombinatian