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Neutralisation

CHEMISTRY MODULE 8A ACID AND BASE II

1 100 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 of potassium hydroxide aqueous, KOH reacts with 0.2 mol dm-3 of dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl. a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction. KOH + b) HCl KCl + H2O

Find the volume of acid used. 0.1 dm3 // 100 cm3

2 25 cm3 of 0.4 moldm-3 of potassium hydroxide aqueous, KOH reacts with 20 cm3 dilute sulphuric acid, H2SO4. (a ) (b ) Write the chemical equation for the reaction. 2 KOH + H2SO4 Find the molarity of acid used. 0.25 mol dm-3 K2SO4 + 2H2O

3 100 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 of dilute sulphuric acid reacts with 0.2 mol dm-3 barium (II) hydroxide aqueous, Ba(OH)2. (a ) (b ) Write the chemical equation for the reaction. H2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 BaSO4 + 2 H20

Find the volume of barium (II) hydroxide aqueous used in this reaction. 250 cm3

4 30 cm3 of sodium hydroxide aqueous reacts with 15 cm3 of 0.1 moldm-3 of dilute sulphuric acid. (a ) Write the chemical equation for the reaction. H2SO4 (b ) + 2NaOH Na2 SO4 + 2 H20

Find the concentration of aqueous sodium hydroxide . 0.1 mol dm-3

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5

CHEMISTRY MODULE 8A ACID AND BASE II

Diagram 1 shows the set-up of apparatus for the neutralisation reaction between a strong acid and a strong alkali

Hydrochloric acid, 0.1 mol dm-3

25 cm3 sodium hydroxide solution + phenolphthalein DIAGRAM 1 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution is poured into a conical flask. A few drops of phenolphthalein are added into the solution. The solution in the conical flask is titrated with 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid .

(a)

Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid. What is meant by a strong acid? An acid that dissociate/ionise completely in water to produce high concentration of hydrogen ion

(b)

Suggest an apparatus that can be used to measure 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution accurately. Burette//pipette State the colour change of the solution in the conical flask at the end point. Pink to colourless (i) Write a chemical equation for the above reaction. HCl + NaOH (ii) NaCl + H2O

(c) (d)

In this experiment, 20.0 cm3 hydrochloric acid is needed to neutralise 25.0 cm3 of

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sodium hydroxide solution.

CHEMISTRY MODULE 8A ACID AND BASE II

Calculate the molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution. 0.1 x Mb x 20 = 1 25 1

25 Mb = 2 Mb = 0.08 mol dm-3

(e)

(i)

The experiment is repeated with 0.1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid to replace hydrochloric acid. Predict the volume of sulphuric acid needed to neutralise 25.0 cm3 sodium hydroxide solution. 10 cm3 Explain your answer in (e) (i). Sulphuric acid is a diprotic acid // hydrochloric acid is a monoprotic acid, so the number of hydrogen ion in sulphuric acid is twice compared to hydrochloric acid

(ii)

6 Malic acid is a weak acid which is found naturally in a wide variety of unripe fruits and in green apples. A student carried out the following experiment to determine the basicity of malic acid in some malic acid powder which was extracted from apple juice.

5.00 g of malic acid powder was dissolved in a little distilled water and was put into a conical flask.Three drops of phenolphthalein indicator were then added.

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CHEMISTRY MODULE 8A ACID AND BASE II

The content of the conical flask was titrated using standard sodium hydroxide solution. Complete neutralisation of malic acid required 37.30 cm3 of 2.00 mol dm-3 of sodium hydroxide solution.

a)

What is meant by weak acid? A weak acid is an acid that dissociates partially in water to produce hydrogen ion

b) c) d)

What is the taste of malic acid? sour What is the colour change at the end point? .colourless to pink Write the ionic equation for the neutralisation reaction. H+ + OHH2O

e)

(i)

Calculate the number of moles of malic acid in the sample. [Relative molecular mass of malic acid = 134.0] No of mol = 5 134 = 0.0373 mol

(ii)

Show by calculation that malic acid is a diprotic acid. 2 x 37.30 1000 = 0.0746 mol

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CHEMISTRY MODULE 8A ACID AND BASE II

A student carried out two experiments to determine the concentration of HX acid solution. Diagram 7.1 shows the initial and final burette readings for both experiments. Experiment I Titration of HX acid solution of unknown concentration with 20 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution 1.0 mol dm-3 using phenolftalein as indicator.

10

30

11
Initial burette reading

31
Final burette reading

Experiment II Titration of HX acid solution with different concentrations with 20 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution 1.0 mol dm-3 using phenolphtalein as indicator.

10

20

11

21

Initial burette reading

Final burette reading Diagram 7.1

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CHEMISTRY MODULE 8A ACID AND BASE II

(a)

Construct a table to record the initial and final burette readings and the volumes of the acid used for both experiments. Experiment Initial reading/ cm3 Final reading/ cm3 Volume of HX/ cm3 I 10.45 30.45 20.00 II 10.45 20.45 10.00

(b)

State the colour change of phenolphtalein in the titration. Pink to colourless

(c)

The chemical equation for the reaction in the experiment is : HX + NaOH NaX + H2O

Calculate the concentration of HX acid solutions used in both experiments. Experiment I Concentration of acid = 1 x 20 / 20 Experiment II Concentration of acid = 1 x 20 / 10 (d) State the hypothesis in this experiment. The higher/ lower the concentration of HX acid , the lower/ higher the volume of acid needed to neutralize the sodium hydroxide solution (e) If HX acid is replaced with sulphuric acid of the same concentration, it is found that the volume of the sulphuric acid used in the titration is half of the volume of HX acid. Explain why. HX is monoprotic acid/ monobasic acid Sulphuric acid is diprotic/dibasic acid Number of hydrogen ion in 1 mol of sulphuric acid is double the amount compared to I mol of HX acid/ = 2.0 mol dm-3 = 1.0 mol dm-3

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CHEMISTRY MODULE 8A ACID AND BASE II