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uenlng AbnormallLy: Cvervlew

WhaL ls abnormal psychology?
Pow do we know when behavlor ls abnormal?
WhaL mlghL explaln abnormal behavlor?
PlsLory of abnormal psychology
Sclenuc sLudy of psychopaLhology
Cvervlew of Abnormal sychology
sychopaLhology: aLhology of Lhe mlnd, Lhe
sympLoms and slgns of menLal dlsorders
Abnormal psychology: An area of psychology
LhaL sLudles menLal dlsorders, abnormal
behavlor pauerns, and ways Lo help Lhose
aecLed by Lhese behavlors.
MenLal dlsorders= sychologlcal ulsorders
sychologlsL versus sychlaLrlsL
Pow do we know when behavlor ls
abnormal?
Case example
1om |s uncomfortab|e r|d|ng |n e|evators.
As a resu|t, 1om avo|ds us|ng any e|evator.
Lecture 1: Defining Abnormality 9/6/11
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Case example: ls lL abnormal?
Conslder:
Age
SympLoms
LxLenL of avoldance
normal vs. abnormal fear
WhaL ls a sychologlcal ulsorder?
sychologlcal dysfuncuon
ulsLress or lmpalrmenL ln funcuonlng
noL a Lyplcal or culLurally expecLed
response
WhaL ls a sychologlcal ulsorder?
sychologlcal dysfuncuon
8reakdown ln funcuon / lnablllLy of an
lnLernal mechanlsm Lo perform lLs naLural
funcuon
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WhaL ls a sychologlcal ulsorder?
ulsLress or lmpalrmenL
lndlvldual versus oLhers
Lx:
ApproprlaLeness Lo slLuauon
Lx:
uegree of lmpalrmenL
WhaL ls a sychologlcal ulsorder?
8esponse ls noL Lyplcal or
culLurally expecLed
lrequency
uevlauons from average"
LccenLrlclLy
WhaL ls a sychologlcal ulsorder?
vlolauon of soclal norms
CulLural and hlsLorlcal conLexLs
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WhaL ls a sychologlcal ulsorder?
Parmful dysfuncuon" (Wakeeld)
uSM-lv-18 CrlLerla
1hlngs Lo 8emember when uenlng
Abnormal 8ehavlor.
lmporLance of conLexL
Conunuum beLween normal and abnormal
behavlor
CulLural and hlsLorlcal relauvlsm
rlnclple of muluple causallLy vs. reducuonlsm
Connecuon beLween mlnd and body
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Lxplanauons for Lhe Luology of
Abnormal 8ehavlor
SupernaLural lorces
SomaLogenesls
sychogenesls
SupernaLural/Mysucal lorces
AbnormallLy ls Lhe resulL
of evll splrlLs
1herapy lnvolves
exorclsm
A healer makes conLacL
wlLh Lhe evll splrlLs Lo
remove Lhem or splrlL ls
removed surglcally
sychogenesls
AbnormallLy ls Lhe resulL of
how one feels, Lhlnks and/or
percelves Lhe world
sychoLherapy lnvolves
examlnlng behavlor and
LhoughLs ln order Lo modlfy
lL
Slgmund lreud and Lhe
sychodynamlc vlew
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SomaLogenesls
AbnormallLy ls Lhe resulL of
a problem wlLh a speclc
body organ
Cure lles ln Lreaung or
removlng dlseased organ
8rlef PlsLory of Abnormal
sychology
lrom rehlsLorlc Lo Modern 1lmes
AnclenL Creece
knowledge evolved over
course of several cenLurles
ulsLurbed behavlor seen
as punlshmenL for crlmes
agalnsL gods
WlLh ume, menLal
dlsorders came Lo be
vlewed as naLural
phenomena.
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PlppocraLes (460-377 8CL)
laLher of modern WesLern
medlclne
Luology = physlcal dlsease
ulseased braln"
lmbalance of bodlly
humours
sychosoclal facLors
SLress, famlly
CLher Creek ConLrlbuLors
laLo
8ehavlor = producL of
____________ processes
ulsLurbed behavlor caused
by conlcLs beLween
_________and _________
Mlnd ls Lhe only Lrue
reallLy
CLher Creek ConLrlbuLors
ArlsLoLle -
Analysls of human
emouons (fear, plLy,
courage, envy)
need balance for
_________Lo prevall
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Claudlus Calen (~129-201 CL)
loremosL auLhorlLy on
anaLomy and medlclne
unul 8enalssance.
AuLhor of prlmary
medlcal LexL used for
cenLurles
ldenued and sLudled Lhe
nerves and splnal cord
Calenlc-Plppocrauc 1radluon
Plppocrauc foundauon
Pumoral Lheory of menLal lllness
Luology = braln chemlcal lmbalances
1reaLmenLs = LnvlronmenLal regulauon
PeaL, dryness, molsLure, cold
8loodlemng, lnduced vomlung
Medleval Lra: 8ellglon and Maglc
lall of Lhe 8oman Lmplre led Lo fewer sclenuc
advancemenLs.
lnuence of ChrlsuanlLy and Lhe Church
sLrengLhens
Supersuuons predomlnaLe
SL. Augusune -wroLe abouL feellngs, menLal
angulsh, lnLrospecuon, lald groundwork for
psychodynamlc Lhlnklng
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1he Medleval Church
Church and governmenL
merged
8lgldlLy & dogmausm hlgh
8eLurn Lo supernaLural
explanauons for abnormal
behavlor
MenLal SLaLus of WlLches
Soclal ouLcasLs
8ehavlorally
dlsLurbed?
Lxorclsm = Lx,
usually faLal
16Lh - 18Lh CenLurles
16Lh c. 8enalssance:
Ma[or advances ln
sclence
MenLally dlsLurbed
generally punlshed unul
laLe 17Lh cenLury
17Lh-18Lh cenLurles:
Sclenuc meLhod
need Lo supporL
asseruons wlLh
evldence (observauons)
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lranz AnLon Mesmer
(early 1800s)
8elleved ln Lreaung
people wlLh
_________
lnuenced laLer
Lheorles: CharcoL
hyslognomy & hrenology
lranz !oseph Call (1738-1828)
Surface of skull reveals Lhe
organs" of Lhe braln.
8raln ls cenLer of characLer and
emouon.
opular Lheory LhroughouL
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Lh
cenLury
Argued for humane LreaLmenL
of menLally lll
1he Creauon of Asylums
8egan appearlng ln Lurope - 12
Lh
cenLury
SL. Mary's of 8eLhlehem (8edlam") founded 1247
CL
1600s and 1700s
lnsane asylums began as human warehouses"
unlshmenL and oppresslon of menLally lll
LaLe 1700s Lo 1800s
lndusLrlallzauon
Lunauc asylums ln heavlly populaLed clues
Pumanlsuc care may help relleve menLal lllness
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1he 8lse of Asylums (1800s)
lnsuLuuons wlLh a focus on moral LreaLmenL
(1800s)
uoroLhea ulx - humane and economlcal beneLs
of LreaLmenL
Large lncrease ln faclllues
uevelopmenL of psychlaLry professlon
A SLep 8ackward
(laLe 1800s-1960s)
AcLual condluons ln menLal hosplLals were
generally poor
Cvercrowdlng
MosL pauenLs dld noL acLually recelve 'moral
LreaLmenL'
uelnsuLuuonallzauon movemenL
________________________________
_______________________________
1960s- soclal pollcy of dlscharglng large
numbers of hosplLallzed psychlaLrlc pauenLs
lnLo Lhe communlLy
lmproved condluons for remalnlng
hosplLallzed menLal pauenLs
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Cllnlcal uescrlpuon of AbnormallLy
resenung roblem
Cllnlcal uescrlpuon
uysfuncuon vs. common experlence
SLausucs
revalence
lncldence
Cllnlcal uescrlpuon of AbnormallLy
Course
Lplsodlc
1lme-llmlLed
Chronlc
CnseL
AcuLe vs. lnsldlous
rognosls
Cood vs. guarded
Lpldemlology of MenLal lllness
Lpldemlology: sLudy of frequency and
dlsLrlbuuon of dlsorders ln a populauon
Lxample quesuons
Pas Lhe number of people wlLh
psychologlcal dlsorders lncreased ln
lusburgh ln 2011 as compared Lo 2007?
Are males ln Lhe uS more llkely Lo have
borderllne personallLy dlsorder as
compared Lo females?