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Nitrogen! Discovered in 1772, nitrogen is non-detectable by any of the human senses (no smell, no taste, invisible, no sound, no feeling). Nitrogen is non-flammable and weighs approximately the same as air.
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WHAT IS NITROGEN?
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Composition of Air
Component
Nitrogen Oxygen Argon Carbon Dioxide
Neon Helium Krypton Sulfur dioxide Methane Hydrogen Nitrous Oxide Xenon Ozone Nitrogen dioxide Iodine Carbon monoxide Ammonia
Symbol
N2 O2 Ar CO2
Ne He Kr SO2 CH4 H2 N 2O Xe O3 NO2 I2
Volume
78.084% 20.947% 0.934% 0.033%
18.2 parts per million 5.2 parts per million 1.1 parts per million 1.0 parts per million 2.0 parts per million 0.5 parts per million 0.5 parts per million 0.09 parts per million 0.07 parts per million 0.02 parts per million 0.01 parts per million 9
99.998%
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"While nitrogen is a major component of air we breathe and is not toxic, we should NEVER assume it's safe" "Nitrogen does (repeat) not support life, and when nitrogen displaces the oxygen we breathe, it can prove very deadly. Since nitrogen is odorless and colorless, our senses provide no protection against nitrogen-enriched atmospheres. Good safety management practices are essential if we are to avoid nitrogen-related deaths and injuries."
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78.084% , . . , . ,
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Nitrogen is an inert gas, which means that it does not react with other chemicals under most normal circumstances.
Nitrogen is often used in industries to displace other gases that are mainly fire or explosion hazards, thus making processes safer. Using nitrogen to remove oxygen from process equipment decreases the chances of a fire or explosion, but it also can make the atmosphere - in and around the equipment hazardous for humans to breathe. If anybody breathes Nitrogen, he is asphyxiated- RESULT: POSSIBLE DEATH-certain death
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85 incidents occurred in the past decade that resulted in an average of eight deaths and five injuries each year. Causes of the incidents included personnel not knowing they were entering an oxygen depleted environment or not realizing that the environment had changed, and also mistaking nitrogen gas for
breathing air
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Causes Contd. Almost half the incidents and more than 60 percent of the fatalities involved contractors, including construction workers; A number of deaths were caused by personnel attempting rescue without proper training and safety equipment.
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WARNING!
Nitrogen gas is being used in plants for inertization purposes. It means that after nitrogen purging oxygen concentration inside the equipment or area will be very low, as well as area around the confined space opening (around manhole). This situation is very dangerous for health & safety of the area occupants as Nitrogen replaces oxygen.
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Our concentration, thinking and decision-making are impaired when the oxygen concentration falls even slightly below this norm. These effects are not noticeable to the affected individual.
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If the oxygen concentration in air decreases or, if the concentration of any other gases increase, a situation is rapidly reached where the risks of asphyxiation is very significant. For this reason any depletion of oxygen below 20.9 % must be treated with great concern:
( , , ) 20.9% ( )
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Maximum Safe Level OSHA Occupation Safety & Health Administration, USA - Normal O2 level in air- Minimum permissible O2 level -- A candle is extinguished. Vision may be impaired. , ( - ) Labored breathing, increased heart rate. Lack of attention and coordination. , , , Unable to think. No longer perceives danger. Ability to self-rescue is impaired. Fatigue, injury to heart, fainting. , , , , , . Fainting without warning. Nausea, vomiting, unable to stand, walk or crawl. Person is dying but does not care. It's all quite painless. , , , , () , ,
23.5
20.9 19.5
17
12 16
11 14
8 11
6-8
8 minutes 100% fatal, 6 minutes 50% probably fatality rate
Faint almost immediately, heart may continue beating for a few minutes, resuscitation possible if immediate. , , ,
, 8 100%. 6 50%
0-6
Fainting, coma in 40 second, convulsions, respiratory arrest, death. Brain damage even if resuscitated. , 40 psrawat@parabolicdrugs.com , , , 23
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When the two men entered the black cover, they quickly lost consciousness from lack of oxygen. A passerby noticed an arm sticking out from the plastic and immediately called for help.
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A good Safety Management can reduce Nitrogen related injuries and deaths
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As the CO2 level increases, the brain sends a message to increase respiration.
When the CO2 level drops, the rate of respiration will also decrease in order to maintain the proper balance.
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Everyone should understand that one deep breath of 100% N2 will be fatal.
100% N2 will displace CO2 and O2 completely.
And, in the absence of a CO2 signal to the brain, the stimulus to breath no longer exists!
You will stop breathing!!
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First-Aid Measures
Nitrogen Inhalation: Call for help and remove victims to fresh air as quickly as possible. BUT: make sure, YOU are protected ! Obtain help from trained personnel immediately. If not breathing, trained personnel should administer supplemental oxygen and/or cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), if necessary.
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Identified / color coded lines. Trained manpower where nitrogen is used. Highest level of alertness Leak proofing the systems Immediate corrective action even if smallest leak Periodic preventive Leakage test Workplace monitoring oxygen level sensors Concern for others Emergency preparedness No emotional rushing to help exposed person without proper safety (SCBA)
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Inhalation of a Nitrogen enriched atmosphere (i.e.: loss of oxygen) may cause dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, excess salivation, diminished mental alertness, loss of consciousness, and ultimately: death
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