File 43304

ENERGY TRENDS DECEMBER 2007
A NATIONAL STATISTICS PUBLICATION
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5262
Suhail.Siddiqui@berr.gsi.gov.uk
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5189
Clive.Evans@berr.gsi.gov.uk
Lisa Vine Joe Ewins Jennifer Knight
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Explanatory notes are to be found inside the back cover
Contents
Introduction Section 1 - Total Energy Section 2 - Solid Fuels and Derived Gases Section 3 - Oil and Oil Products Section 4 - Gas Section 5 - Electricity Section 6 - Special Features Electricity generation and supply figures for Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and England, 2005 and 2006 Regional and local electricity consumption statistics for 2006 Regional and local gas consumption statistics for 2006 Regional and local estimates of non gas, non electricity and non road transport fuels in 2005 Regional and local total energy consumption statistics for 2005 The UK road transport biofuels market Statistics of the installed capacity of solar photovoltaics 2008 Update of Energy Consumption in the UK The future of Energy- Its impact on the Environment and Society Recent and forthcoming publications of interest to users of energy statistics Tables 1.1: Indigenous production of primary fuels 1.2: Inland energy consumption: primary fuel input basis 1.3: Supply and use of fuels 2.1: Supply and consumption of coal 2.2: Supply and consumption of coke oven coke, coke breeze and other manufactured solid fuels 2.3: Supply and consumption of coke oven gas, blast furnace gas, benzole and tars 3.1: Supply and use of crude oil, natural gas liquids and feedstocks 3.2: Supply and use of petroleum products 3.3: Supply and use of petroleum products - annual data 3.4: Supply and use of petroleum products - latest quarter 3.5: Demand for key petroleum products 3.6: Stocks of petroleum at end of period 3.7: Drilling activity on the UK Continental Shelf 4.1: Natural gas supply and consumption 5.1: Fuel used in electricity generation and electricity supplied 5.2: Supply and consumption of electricity List of special feature articles published in Energy Trends between June 2006 and September 2007 2 3 6 8 12 14 16 21 30 38 39 45 49 50 51 52
53 54 55 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
The cover illustration used for Energy Trends and other BERR energy statistics publications is from a photograph by David Askew. It was a winning entry in the DTI News Photographic Competition in 2002.
December 2007
Introduction
Energy Trends and Quarterly Energy Prices are produced by the Department for Business, Enterprise & Regulatory Reform on a quarterly basis. Both periodicals are published concurrently in June, September, December and March. The December editions cover the third quarter of the current year. Energy Trends includes information on energy as a whole and by individual fuels. The text and charts provide an analysis of the data in the tables. The tables are mainly in commodity balance format, as used in BERRs annual Digest of UK Energy Statistics. The 2007 edition of the Digest was published on 26 July 2007. Printed and bound copies of the 2007 Digest can be obtained from The Stationery Office and an electronic version is available on our web site at www.berr.gov.uk/energy/statistics/publications/dukes/page39771.html. The balance format shows the flow of a commodity from its sources of supply, through to its final use. The articles in Energy Trends provide in-depth information on current issues within the energy sector. The text and tables included in this publication represent a snapshot of the information available at the time of publication. However, the data collection systems operated by BERR, which produce this information, are in constant operation. New data are continually received and revisions to historic data made. To ensure that those who use the statistics have access to the most up-todate information, revised data will be made available as soon as possible, via the electronic versions of these tables. The electronic versions are available free of charge from the BERR web site. In addition to quarterly tables, the main monthly tables that were published in the period up to May 2001 when Energy Trends was produced monthly, continue to be updated and are also available on the BERR web site. Both sets of tables can be obtained from www.berr.gov.uk/energy/statistics/source/index.html Energy Trends does not contain information on Foreign Trade, Temperatures and Prices. Foreign Trade and Temperatures tables are, however, available on the BERR web site and information on Prices can be found in the Quarterly Energy Prices publication. Prices information is also available on our web site at www.berr.gov.uk/energy/statistics/publications/prices/tables/page18125.html If you have any comments on Energy Trends or Quarterly Energy Prices publications please send them to: Clive Sarjantson BERR, Energy Strategy & International Unit, Bay 299, 1 Victoria Street London SW1H 0ET Tel: 020 7215 2698 Fax: 020 7215 2723 E-mail: Clive.Sarjantson@berr.gsi.gov.uk
The main points for the third quarter of 2007: Total energy production was 3 per cent lower than in the third quarter of 2006. Oil production remained virtually unchanged when compared with the third quarter of 2006. Production from older established fields continued to decline but this decline was offset by eight new fields, including the very large Buzzard field. Gas production was 11 per cent lower than the third quarter of 2006. Gas imports increased by 31 per cent and gas exports decreased by 25 per cent. The UK was a net importer of gas in the third quarter of 2007, whereas the UK was a net exporter in the same period of 2006. Gas demand was 5 per cent higher than the third quarter of 2006. Total primary energy consumption for energy uses was 1 per cent higher than during the third quarter of 2006, this is equivalent to a 2 per cent decrease when adjusted to take account of weather differences between the third quarters of 2006 and 2007. Coal production in the third quarter of 2007 was 27 per cent higher than the third quarter of 2006. Coal imports were 22 per cent lower and generators demand for coal was down by 2 per cent. Gas supplied 1 per cent more electricity than in the third quarter of 2006 while coal supplied 5 per cent less and nuclear 9 per cent less. Net imports of electricity were 64 per cent higher.
December 2007
Total Energy
Section 1 - Total Energy

Chart 1.1 Production of indigenous primary fuels
90 80 Million tonnes of oil equivalent 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Coal P etro leum Natural Gas P rimary Electricity(1 )
2006 Total 2006 Q1-Q3 2007 Q1-Q3
Total production in the third quarter of 2007 was 41.0 million tonnes of oil equivalent, 3.6 per cent lower than in third quarter of 2006. Production of natural gas fell by 10.9 per cent between the third quarter of 2006 and the third quarter of 2007; gas production is declining as North Sea reserves deplete. Production of petroleum was 0.2 per cent lower in the third quarter of 2007 than in the third quarter a year earlier. Primary electricity output was 6.8 per cent lower, within which nuclear electricity output was 8.8 per cent lower but output from wind and natural flow hydro increased by 49.3 per cent. In the third quarter of 2007 production of coal and other solid fuels was 22.0 per cent higher than in the third quarter of 2006.
(1) Nuclear and natural flow hydro electricity.
Chart 1.2 Total inland consumption (primary fuel input basis)(1)

255 Million tonnes of oil equivalent 250 245 240 235 230 225 220 215 0 Q1
(1)
2004 2005
Total inland consumption on a primary fuel input basis was 230.7 million tonnes of oil equivalent in third quarter of 2007 (temperature corrected, The seasonally adjusted annualised rate). average temperature during the third quarter of 2007 was 14.9 degrees Celsius, 2.4 degrees Celsius cooler than the third quarter of 2006. Total seasonally adjusted and temperature corrected consumption in the third quarter of 2007 was 2.1 per cent lower than the same period a year earlier. Between the third quarter of 2006 and the third quarter of 2007 (on a seasonally adjusted and temperature corrected basis) coal and other solid fuel consumption fell by 6.6 per cent . Also on a seasonally adjusted and temperature corrected basis, oil consumption fell by 0.4 per cent. On the same basis, gas consumption fell by 0.7 per cent.
2006 2007
Q2
Q3
Q4
Seasonally adjusted and temperature corrected annual rates.
December 2007
Total Energy Chart 1.3 Final energy consumption by user

50 45 Million tonnes of oil equivalent 40 35 30 25 20 Industry 15 10 5 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 2005 2004 2007 2006 Transport Domestic Services
Total final energy consumption increased by 2.0 per cent between the third quarter of 2006 and the third quarter in 2007. Service sector energy consumption increased by 6.2 per cent Domestic sector energy consumption increased by 13.3 per cent. Transport energy consumption decreased by 1.6 per cent. Industrial energy consumption increased by 7.4 per cent
Background
Relevant tables 1.1: Indigenous production of primary fuels.. Page 53 1.2: Inland energy consumption: primary fuel input basis.Page 54 1.3: Supply and use of fuels.. Pages 55-56 Production Indigenous production of energy was 9.1 per cent lower in 2006 than in 2005, continuing a year on year decline for each year since 1999. Coal and other solid fuel production was lower by 9.6 per cent, gas production fell by 9.1 per cent and petroleum production by fell 9.6 per cent. Indigenous production continued to fall in 2007, with total production in each quarter of 2007 to date being lower than the same quarter in 2006. Petroleum accounted for 46.1 per cent of total indigenous production in the third quarter of 2007 while coal and other solid fuels accounted for 8.1 per cent, and natural gas 35.8 per cent. A year earlier the proportions were petroleum 44.5 per cent, coal and other solid fuels 6.4 per cent and natural gas 38.8 per cent. Total inland consumption In 2006 consumption of primary fuels was 1.1 per cent lower than in 2005. The largest contribution to this decrease in absolute terms was from natural gas (which decreased by 5.0 per cent). On a temperature corrected basis consumption in 2006 was 1.5 per cent lower than in 2005. Total inland energy consumption, on a primary fuel input basis (not temperature corrected or seasonally adjusted), decreased by 8.8 per cent in the first quarter of 2007 compared with the same period in 2006; this was followed by a 3.4 per cent reduction in the second quarter. In the third quarter of 2007 consumption was 48.4 million tonnes of oil equivalent, which is 1.6 per cent higher than in the corresponding period a year ago. Consumption by final users Final energy consumption shows a strong seasonal pattern with more energy being consumed in the winter months and less in the summer months, particularly in the domestic and service sectors. In the third quarter of 2007 the transport sector was responsible for the largest share of final consumption at 45 per cent of all energy consumed by final users. The industrial sector was responsible for a further 21 per cent, the domestic sector for another 17 per cent and the service industries, including agriculture, consumed 11 per cent. The remaining 7 per cent was made up by fuel use for non-energy purposes.
December 2007
Total Energy
Final energy consumption rose by 2.0 per cent between the third quarter of 2006 and the third quarter of 2007, mainly due to increases in the domestic sector (a 13.3 per cent rise), the industrial sector (a 7.4 per cent rise) and the service sector (a 6.2 per cent rise). There was a decrease in the transport sector of 1.6 per cent.
December 2007
Solid Fuels and Derived Gases
Section 2 - Solid Fuels and Derived Gases

Chart 2.1 Coal production and imports
14 Coal imports 12 10 Million tonnes 8 6 4 2 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 2004 2005 2006 2007
Opencast coal
Deep mined coal
Provisional figures for the third quarter of 2007 show that coal production (including an estimate for slurry) was 26.8 per cent higher than the third quarter of 2006 at 4.6 million tonnes, with deep mined production up 35.3 per cent and opencast production up 20.4 per cent. These percentage increases are high because production was particularly low in the third quarter of 2006 due to mine closures, geological difficulties and other one-off factors. The percentage increase from the second quarter of 2007 was not as high, with total coal production rising by only 4.3 per cent. Imports of coal in the third quarter of 2007 were 22.7 per cent lower than in the third quarter of 2006 at 9.7 million tonnes. 79 per cent of the coal imported in the third quarter of 2007 (7.7 million tonnes) was steam coal, largely for the power stations market.
Chart 2.2 Coal consumption

20
16
Demand for coal in the third quarter of 2007, at 13.1 million tonnes, was 1.9 per cent lower than in the third quarter of 2006. Consumption by electricity generators was down by 2.6 per cent to 10.6 million tonnes. Electricity generators accounted for 81 per cent of total coal use in the third quarter of 2007, the same proportion as a year earlier. Provisionally, final consumption (as measured by disposals to final consumers) increased by 6.0 per cent in the third quarter of 2007 compared with a year earlier, with consumption by the domestic sector increasing by 77 per cent and industrial consumption falling by 17.5 per cent. Note that for 2007 there has been a change of methodology in terms of the proportional allocation of coal from traders and this is the reason for the large increase in domestic sector consumption.
Million tonnes
12
8 Electricity generators Generators trend (=average of 4 quarters ending) Collieries, coke ovens and other conversion industries Final consumers
0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 2004 2005 2006 2007
December 2007
Solid Fuels and Derived Gases Chart 2.3 Coal stocks

20 18 16 14 Million tonnes 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Jul Jul Jul Jan Jan Jan Jan Oct Oct Oct Jul Apr Apr Apr Apr Oct Undistributed Other distributed Pow er stations
Coal stocks at the end of the third quarter of 2007 were 0.8 million tonnes (4.4 per cent) higher than at the end of the third quarter of 2006 and stood at 18.7 million tonnes. Provisionally, by the end of October 2007 coal stocks had fallen back to 18.1 million tonnes. The level of coal stocks at power stations were 0.5 million tonnes higher than at the end of the third quarter of 2006 at 15.7 million tonnes, an increase of 3.4 per cent. Stocks held by producers (undistributed stocks) in the third quarter of 2007 were 0.8 million tonnes (8.4 per cent) lower than at the end of the third quarter of 2006.
2004
2005
2006
2007
Background
Relevant tables 2.1: Supply and consumption of coalPage 57 2.2: Supply and consumption of coke oven coke, coke breeze and other manufactured solid fuels.. Page 58 2.3: Supply and consumption of coke oven gas, blast furnace gas, benzole and tars.Page 59 Coal production and imports In 2006 indigenous production of coal fell by 2.0 million tonnes. Deep mined production fell to a record low of 9.4 million tonnes, while opencast coal production was at its lowest level since 1970, and 17.3 per cent lower than in 2005. In 2005, for the first time ever, opencast production exceeded deep mined production. Deep mined production recovered towards the end of 2005 and in the first half of 2006. However, it fell back in the second half of 2006 with the closure of Rossington at the end of March 2006 and the run down in production and eventual mothballing of Harworth in September 2006. These closures, geological difficulties and other one-off factors continued to suppress deep mined production in the first quarter of 2007, but in the second and third quarters of 2007 deep mined production increased again. Opencast production has also been on an upward trend since the third quarter of 2006 and remains higher than deep mined output. Coal imports have reached record levels in each of the last three years, but with demand for coal lower in the first three quarters of 2007, coal import levels peaked at the end of 2006. Coal consumption In 2005 coal use by electricity generators was 1.6 million tonnes higher than in 2004 as higher gas prices made coal more competitive for generation. This trend continued into 2006 with the demand from electricity generators up 5.3 million tonnes on 2005. With gas prices becoming more competitive in the first half of 2007, the trend has reversed and coal consumption by electricity generators in the third quarter of 2007 was down by 2.6 per cent compared with the third quarter of 2006. The use of coal for coke making and at blast furnaces increased by 6.8 per cent (nearly 0.5 million tonnes) in 2006. This upward trend appears to have continued in 2007. Stocks End of winter stock levels have risen over the past two years from the low levels of 2004/05. The seasonal rise in stocks over the summer periods of 2005 and 2006 was strong, boosted by record levels of coal imports over the period. The rise was less strong in summer 2007 and coal stocks peaked at the same level (18.7 million tonnes) as in October 2006.
December 2007
Oil and Oil Products
Section 3 - Oil and Oil Products

Chart 3.1 Production of crude oil and NGLs
9
Total indigenous UK production of crude oil and NGLs in the third quarter of 2007 was virtually unchanged when compared with a year earlier. In the nine months to September 2007 eight new fields started production. This includes the very large Buzzard field. During this period these fields produced 6.9 million tonnes of crude oil. Without these new fields production in the third quarter of 2007 would have been 18.8 per cent lower than a year ago.
Total oil production (million tonnes)
8
2004 2005
2007
2006
40 Feb Aug Sep Mar May Nov Jan Jun Apr Jul Oct Dec
Chart 3.2 UK trade in crude oils, NGLs and petroleum products

30 Exports Imports Net Exports
20
Million tonnes
10
During the third quarter of 2007 the UK was a net importer of oil and oil products by 2.0 million tonnes, similar to the third quarter of 2006 where by the UK was a net importer by 2.8 million tonnes. The UK was a net importer of crude oil, NGLs and feedstocks in the third quarter of 2007 (by 3.8 million tonnes). Both imports and exports increased, by 4.8 and 9.0 per cent respectively. In the third quarter of 2007 the UK was a net exporter of petroleum products (by 1.8 million tonnes). Both imports and exports of petroleum products fell during the third quarter of 2007, by 13.5 and 5.3 per cent respectively.
-10
-20
-30 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 2004 2005 2006 2007
December 2007
Oil and Oil Products Chart 3.3 Demand for key transport fuels
Deliveries into consumption ( million tonnes) 6
DERV fuel
5
Total deliveries of transport fuels were virtually unchanged in the third quarter of 2007 when compared with the third quarter of 2006. Motor spirit deliveries fell by 5.5 per cent. Deliveries of Diesel engined road vehicle fuel (DERV) increased by 7.8 per cent. DERV fuels share of road transport fuels in the third quarter of 2007 was 55.5 per cent compared to 52.2 per cent in the third quarter of 2006. Deliveries of aviation turbine fuel were 4.1 per cent lower.
Unleaded motor spirit
Aviation turbine fuel
Chart 3.4 Super/hypermarket shares of retail deliveries

6
Petrol
Million tonnes
Other retailers
Sales of motor spirit by super/hypermarket companies accounted for 42.9 per cent of retail sales of petrol in the third quarter of 2007, up from 40.9 per cent in the third quarter of 2006.
Super/hypermarkets
0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 2004 4 2005 2006 2007
DERV fuel Sales of DERV by super/hypermarket companies accounted for 37.0 per cent of retail sales of DERV in the third quarter of 2007, compared with 34.1 per cent in the third quarter of 2006.
Million tonnes
Other retailers
1
Super/hypermarkets
December 2007
Oil and Oil Products Chart 3.5 Stocks of key oil products(1)
16 14 Oil Stocks Obligation
Overall, stocks of crude oil and petroleum products were 1.2 per cent higher at the end of the third quarter of 2007 than a year earlier. Crude oil and refinery process oil stocks were 4.3 per cent higher, and stocks of products were 1.2 per cent lower. Stocks at UKCS pipeline terminals fell by 47 per cent (half a million tonnes) in the third quarter of 2007. However, crude and process oil stocks elsewhere increased by 0.8 million tonnes giving an overall increase of 0.3 million tonnes in the third quarter of 2007. Chart 3.5 combines stocks of products with the product equivalent of stocks of crude oil to give an overall level of UK stocks of key products. At the end of the third quarter of 2007, the UK held stocks equal to 75 days of consumption of these key products, compared with an obligation of 67 days (see Background for more details).
12
Million tonnes
10
8 6 4 2 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 2007 2004 2005 2006

(1) This includes motor spirit, DERV fuel, other gas
diesel oils, aviation turbine fuel, kerosene and fuel oils.
Chart 3.6 Drilling activity on the UKCS

100 Exploration & Appraisal (Offshore) Development (Offshore) Exploration & Appraisal (Onshore) Development (Onshore)
80 Num ber of w ells
Drilling figures for the third quarter of 2007 showed a rise in the number of exploration and appraisal wells started offshore to 39 against 22 in the corresponding quarter of 2006. The number of development wells drilled offshore fell to 35, compared with 53 in the corresponding quarter of 2006. 7 development wells were drilled onshore in the third quarter of 2007, compared with 3 in the corresponding quarter a year earlier. 3 exploration or appraisal wells were started onshore in the third quarter of 2007. The same number of exploration or appraisals wells was started onshore in third quarter of 2006.
60
40
20
Background
Relevant tables 3.1: Supply and use of crude oil, natural gas liquids and feedstocks. Page 60 3.2: Supply and use of petroleum products.Page 61 3.3: Supply and use of petroleum products - annual data Page 62 3.4: Supply and use of petroleum products - latest quarter..Page 63 3.5: Demand for key petroleum products.Page 64 3.6: Stocks of petroleum at end of period Page 65 3.7: Drilling activity on the UK Continental Shelf Page 66
December 2007
10
Oil and Oil Products

Crude oil production and trade Total UK production of crude oil and NGLs was virtually unchanged in the third quarter of 2007 when compared to the same period last year. In the nine months to September 2007, eight new fields started production, including the very large Buzzard field. The UK was a net importer of oil and oil products in the third quarter of 2007. Imports and exports of crude oil and NGLs both rose, meaning the UK remained a net importer of crude and NGLs. Both imports and exports of petroleum products fell, (by 13.5 and 5.3 per cent respectively), but exports decreased at a slower rate leading to the UK being a net exporter of petroleum products. The majority of UK production of crude oil and NGLs is exported, as indigenous UK crude oil tends to be the more valuable light/sweet type with lower sulphur levels and the relative modernity of UK refineries allows their use of less valuable or lower grade crude oil. Therefore the economics of crude oil markets results in significant volumes of crude oil being imported into the UK. Refinery production of petroleum products and trade The net refinery output in the third quarter of 2007 was 21.7 million tonnes, 0.5 million tonnes (2.2 per cent) lower than the third quarter of 2006. Demand for petroleum products Overall demand for petroleum products in the third quarter of 2007 was 1.2 per cent lower than in the third quarter of 2006. Deliveries of motor spirit were lower by 5.5 per cent, however, DERV deliveries increased by 7.8 per cent to 5.5 million tonnes. Deliveries of aviation turbine fuel fell by 4.1 per cent. Stocks of crude oil and petroleum products The UK has an obligation under EU law to maintain stocks of key oil products at or above a certain level to ensure adequate supplies would exist for any international oil supply emergency. These obligations are based on the UK's annual consumption of the key products motor spirit, DERV fuel and other gas diesel oils, aviation fuel and other kerosenes and fuel oils. These obligations are usually updated every 1st July as consumption data for the previous year are finalised. Chart 3.5 above combines data on stocks of key oil products with the product equivalent of stocks of crude oil to give an overall level of UK stocks of key oil products to show how the UK is complying with these obligations at an overall level. The UK's current overall obligation, based on 2006 consumption data, is to hold a total of 11 million tonnes of these products, equal to 67 days of consumption.
11
December 2007
Gas
Section 4 Gas
Chart 4.1 Production of natural gas
120 110 100 Production (TWh) 90 80 70 60 50 40 0 2007 2005 2006 2004
Total indigenous UK production of natural gas in the third quarter of 2007 was 11.2 per cent lower than in the corresponding quarter a year earlier.
Jul
Feb
Mar
May
O ct
Jan
Jun
Nov
Chart 4.2 UK trade in natural gas

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10
Aug
Dec
Sep
Apr
Two new import pipelines were commissioned in the fourth quarter of 2006. In the third quarter of 2007, compared with the same period of 2006, exports of natural gas fell by 25.0 per cent and imports rose by 31.3 per cent. The UK was a net importer of gas in the third quarter of 2007 by 21.0 TWh, whereas in the third quarter of 2006 the UK was a net exporter.
Trade (TWh)
-20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 -130 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 2004 2005 2006 2007 Exports Imports Net Exports
December 2007
12
Gas Chart 4.3 Natural gas consumption average of four quarter ending
110
Domestic
100 90 80 70 TWh 60 50 40 30 20
Demand for gas in the third quarter of 2007 was 5.0 per cent higher than the level in the third quarter of 2006. Gas use for electricity generation was 0.9 per cent higher than in the third quarter of 2006. Provisionally, consumption in the domestic sector rose by 15.2 per cent from the low levels of a year earlier. In public administration, commerce and agriculture consumption rose by 14.5 per cent compared with a year earlier. In the industrial sector gas sales were provisionally 17.1 per cent higher than in the third quarter of 2006.
Electricity generators Other industries
Heat sold
10 0
Iron and steel
Other final users
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 2004 2005 2006

2007
Background
Relevant table 4.1: Natural gas supply and consumption... Page 67 Gas production and trade In the third quarter of 2007, gas production was 11.2 per cent lower than a year ago. The UK was a net importer of gas in the third quarter of 2007 whereas the UK was a net exporter in the same period of 2006. Imports of gas were 31.3 per cent higher than a year ago and exports were 25.0 per cent lower. The UK currently exports gas to the Netherlands from the Markham, Windermere, Grove and Minke fields, to the Irish Republic via the two Irish UK gas interconnectors and to Belgium through the Bacton-Zeebrugge interconnector. Imports to the UK are from Belgium, via the interconnector, Norway, via the Langeled and Vesterled pipelines, and the Tampen Link (from Statfjord to FLAGS), and Algeria, Egypt, Qatar and Trinidad (liquefied natural gas). In the third quarter of 2007, Norwegian gas accounted for 76 per cent of UK natural gas imports, compared to 80 per cent a year ago. Gas consumption Until the middle of 2000 the growth in consumption of natural gas was dominated by growth in consumption for electricity generation, mainly in Combined Cycle Gas Turbine stations. However, high gas prices led to the use of gas for generation levelling off after 2000, rising slightly in some years and falling back in others. While much of this switchback pattern is the result of the relative prices of gas and coal, the 2004 growth can also be attributed to the three newest CCGT stations operating at high levels throughout the year, while the downturn in 2005 results from generators preferring coal when prices reached very high levels at the end of the year. This continued into early 2006. However gas use in the fourth quarter of 2006 rose back to the levels of 2003 and 2004 as prices fell back. Gas use in the domestic sector is particularly dependent on temperatures not only during the heating season, but also in summer, when the weather can affect the amount of gas used for water heating and cooking. Temperatures in the third quarter of 2007 were significantly lower than a year earlier, boosting domestic consumption of gas by about 15 per cent on the low levels of the third quarter of 2006.
13
December 2007
Electricity
Section 5 - Electricity
Chart 5.1 Fuel used for electricity generation
12
Fuel used by generators in the third quarter of 2007 was, in total, 1.4 per cent lower than in the third quarter of 2006. Gas use was 1.1 per cent up on the third quarter of 2006. Coal use in the quarter was 2.6 per cent lower than a year earlier and nuclear sources were 8.8 per cent lower. Hydro sources were up by 51.3 per cent on the third quarter of 2006, due to higher rainfall and snowfall over the winter period. Oil use fell by 6.0 per cent.
10 Million tonnes of oil equivalent
Coal
8
Gas Nuclear
Oil, renewable and other
Net imports
Chart 5.2 Electricity supplied

Q3 2007
Net imports 3.1%
Nuclear 18.2%
Gas 41.8% Oil, renew ables and other 7.2%
Total electricity supplied by all generators in the third quarter of 2007 was 0.1 per cent lower (-0.1 TWh) than a year earlier. Indigenous supply was also 0.1 per cent lower than in quarter 3 2006 while net imports were 64.2 per cent (+ 1.0 TWh) higher than a year earlier. The supply from coal fell by 4.8 per cent (-1.3 TWh), while from gas fired stations supply rose by 1.6 per cent (+0.6 TWh). The supply from nuclear stations fell by 8.8 per cent (-1.5 TWh). Between the third quarter of 2006 and the third quarter of 2007 coals share of electricity supplied fell by 1.5 percentage points and nuclears share fell by 1.7 percentage points while gass share rose by 0.7 percentage points. The share of oil, renewables and other fuels rose by 1.3 percentage points.
Coal 29.8%
Q3 2006
Net imports 1.9%
Nuclear 19.9% Oil, renew ables and other 5.9%
Gas 41.1%
Coal 31.3%
December 2007
14
Electricity Chart 5.3 Electricity consumption

100 90 80 70 60
Final consumption of electricity fell by 1.1 per cent in the third quarter of 2007. Consumption by the domestic sector rose by 1.1 per cent while industrial consumption of electricity fell by 1.3 per cent. Consumption by other final users (including transport sector use) fell by 2.7 per cent. In this period temperatures were on average about 2 degrees lower than in the third quarter of 2006.
Domestic
TWh
50 40 30 20 10 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 2004 2005 2006 2007
Commercial and Other
Industrial
Background
Relevant tables 5.1: Fuel used in electricity generation and electricity supplied.. Page 68 5.2: Supply and consumption of electricity.. Page 69 Fuel use Coal prices rose in 2004, so gas use became more attractive for generation and increased to a new record level, 3 per cent higher than 2002s previous record. Conversely, rising gas prices over the later part of 2005 led to a preference for coal as the main fuel source for electricity generation. Generators used much more coal during 2006 as a whole, because a further rise in gas prices made coal fired generation more competitive. However, gas prices fell in the first quarter of 2007 and continued to fall during the second and third quarters, reversing the trend with coal use falling by 15 per cent and gas use rising 20 per cent compared with the first three quarters of 2006. Additionally, two of the oldest nuclear stations closed at the end of December 2006 and increased coal and gas fired generation replaced these stations contribution. Supply Total electricity supplied in the UK in 2006 was per cent lower than in 2005, whereas the average rate of growth over the previous 5 years had been + per cent per year. Supply from the coal fired power stations of all generating companies rose by 11 per cent in 2006, with electricity supplied from gas falling 7 per cent to be 10 per cent below 2004s record level. Supply from nuclear sources fell by 8 per cent in 2006 although the nuclear sector was again affected by a high level of outages for repairs and maintenance. Imports and exports of electricity from and to continental Europe are volatile with suppliers taking advantage of price differentials that have arisen during periods of extreme weather or industrial disputes. Despite a high level of electricity imports in the third quarter of 2007, imports in the first 9 months of the year were 21 per cent lower than in the corresponding period of 2006. Consumption After the near absence of growth in 2002, electricity demand by final consumers grew by 1 per cent in 2003 but only by per cent in 2004 (although this rises to just above the 1 per cent per year trend rate of growth when allowance is made for the change to reporting on a calendar year basis in 2004). In 2005, growth in electricity demand was closer to 2 per cent, the highest percentage rise since 2000. In 2006 final consumption of electricity fell by per cent, the first fall since 1994. Consumption in 2006 was divided 29 per cent to the domestic, 28 per cent to industry and 27 per cent to commerce, public administration, transport and agriculture. Fuel industries accounted for a further 8 per cent with the remaining 7 per cent accounted for by transmission and distribution losses.
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Special feature Sub national electricity figures
Electricity generation and supply figures for Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and England, 2005 and 2006.
Introduction
This article updates that published in December 2006. As before, there are confidentiality constraints that mean that some data for generation by fuel in Northern Ireland cannot be shown separately from those for England. The United Kingdom figures shown in the tables in this article are taken from the Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics (DUKES) 2007, Chapter 5 and 7 and so the definitions used are identical to those in the Digest. Tables 1 and 2 are shown in landscape format at the end of the main text.
Generation and net exports

In 2005 12.4 per cent of the electricity generated in the UK was generated in Scotland, 8.7 per cent in Wales, 2.4 per cent in Northern Ireland and 76.5 per cent in England. These percentages rose in 2006 to 13.5 per cent, 8.8 per cent and 2.6 per cent respectively in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, but fell in England to 75.2 per cent (Table 1). Both Scotland and Wales are net exporters of electricity with England importing electricity from both countries and from continental Europe. Northern Ireland trades electricity with the Republic of Ireland to which it is a net exporter. It also imports electricity from Scotland via the Moyle interconnector opened in 2002 but these imports are less than the net exports to the Irish Republic. In 2005 Scotland exported 14.9 per cent of the electricity generated there to consumers elsewhere in the UK, but this rose to 20.4 per cent in 2006. The increase in generation in Scotland between these two years was broadly equivalent to the increase in exports to England. Wales exported the equivalent of 13.0 per cent of its generation to consumers in England in 2005, falling back to 11.1 per cent in 2006.
Generation by fuel
Table 2 sets out the generation of electricity by the fuel categories used in Table 5.6 of the Digest of UK Energy Statistics 2007. The position in 2006 is shown in Chart 1. Unplanned outages at nuclear stations in Scotland and Wales saw reductions in output and hence nuclears share of generation from 38 per cent to 26 per cent in Scotland and from 23 to 20 per cent in Wales. The
Chart 1: Generation by fuel in 2006 by major power producers and other generators
300,000
250,000 Generators other than MPPs 200,000 GWh Oil and renewables Nuclear 150,000 Coal Gas
100,000
50,000
0 England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland
December 2007
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high price of gas in 2006 meant that gas share of generation in England and Wales was lower than in 2005, but in Scotland the share increased because of the large reduction in nuclears share of Scottish generation. In Northern Ireland gas accounted for around two thirds of generation. Correspondingly coals share rose in all countries compared with 2005. In Scotland coals share of generation was 33 per cent, up from 25 per cent. In Wales 26 per cent of generation in 2006 was from coal (up from 19 per cent) while in England the increase was from a 37 per cent share to a 40 per cent share. In Northern Ireland the share of coal in generation increased by 1 percentage point. The role of renewables is discussed in a separate section below. Combined heat and power (CHP) forms the bulk of Other generators generation, although some major power producers (MPPs) also operate generators that are partially CHP. CHP statistics for 2006 on a sub-national and regional basis were published in the September 2007 issue of Energy Trends. The share of generation accounted for by generators other than major power producers varies across the UK. In Scotland in 2006 other generators had a 15 per cent share, while in England the share was 8 per cent, in Wales 8 per cent and in Northern Ireland 4 per cent.
Consumption and sales Chart 2: Electricity consumption in 2006

Transmission and distribution losses are not separately available for Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and England so estimates have been made using the same proportions of electricity supplied as for the UK as a whole. Consumption figures have then been calculated by deducting net transfers and losses figures from the electricity supplied figures shown in Table 1. These show (Chart 2) that in 2006 10.1 per cent of electricity consumption in the UK was in Scotland, 6.7 per cent in Wales, 2.4 per cent in Northern Ireland and 80.8 per cent in England, all little changed from the percentage shares in 2005.
Wales 6.7% Scotland 10.1%
Northern Ireland 2.4%
Since 2001 separate data have been collected for sales of electricity from the England public supply system in Scotland, England 80.8% and Wales, and Northern Ireland and published as monthly Table 5.5 on the BERR Energy Statistics web site (see references at the end of the article). Because of definitional and other differences set out in the Technical Notes to Chapter 5 of the Digest of UK Energy Statistics 2007, there is a statistical difference between the calculated consumption and the sales data in Table 1. As part of its commitment to improving the quality of its statistics, BERR continues to examine this statistical difference and look further at the component series to see where the differences might be arising and thus where improvements to the data might be made. Statistical differences reported in Table 1 are lower than reported in last years corresponding table.
Renewables
The share of renewables in electricity generation or sales is measured in two different ways in the UK1. First there is the headline overall measure that shows the percentage of electricity generation accounted for by all renewables. Secondly there is the measure that is based on the Renewables Obligation (RO) (and the analogous Renewables Obligation (Scotland) - ROS) which shows the percentage of electricity sales accounted for by renewables eligible under these
1
There is also a third method used by the EU a Renewables Directive basis see Chapter 7 of the Digest of UK Energy Statistics 2007, paragraph 7.8.
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obligations. The main differences are the exclusion from the RO of large-scale hydro and nonbiodegradable wastes2. Table 3 shows the overall measure for 2004, 2005 and 2006.
Table 3: Renewables percentages

Overall renewables percentage 2004 2005 2006 UK 3.58 4.23 4.55 Scotland 11.56 13.13 12.99 Wales 2.96 3.56 4.04 Northern Ireland 2.03 2.87 3.42 England 2.35 2.92 3.14
Scotlands and Wales hydro outputs in 2003 and 2006 were affected by the dryer weather that caused a 34.5 per cent reduction in UK hydro generation in 2003 compared with 2002 and a 6.4 per cent reduction in 2006 compared with 2005. Under the headline measure, the high proportion of natural flow hydro in Scotland took the 2005 renewables percentage to 13.13, but it fell back to 12.99 in 2006. This share is very much higher than other parts of the UK can produce. On a RO basis, the percentage measure for the UK (2.21 per cent in 2003, 3.06 per cent in 2004, 3.99 per cent in 2005, and 4.15 per cent in 2006) is not meaningful at sub-national level because electricity generated in one part of the UK can be sold in a different part of the UK. However, in Scotland the renewables target (which is to reach 31 per cent by 2011 and 50 per cent by 2050) is expressed as generation as a proportion of gross electricity consumption (defined as generation plus transfers into Scotland less transfers out of Scotland). In 2004 this percentage was 13.9 rising to 15.4 in 2005 and 16.3 in 20063. The amount of electricity from renewable sources transferred from Scotland or Wales to England, or from Scotland to Northern Ireland is not known. What is known from Table 2 is that the amount of ROS eligible electricity generated in Scotland in 2006 was 16 per cent greater than in 2005 and the amount of RO eligible electricity generated in Wales in 2006 was 23 per cent more than in 2005. In England the increase was 7 per cent and in Northern Ireland 26 per cent. In the UK as a whole RO eligible electricity production increased by 11 per cent. Renewables statistics for 2006 on a sub-national and regional basis were published in the September 2007 issue of Energy Trends. Mike Janes Energy Statistics and Analysis Tel: 020 7215 5186 Fax: 020 7215 2723 E-mail: Mike.Janes@berr.gsi.gov.uk
References:
Digest of UK Energy Statistics 2007. Published for BERR by The Stationery Office 40.00, but also available on the BERR web site at: www.berr.gov.uk/energy/statistics/publications/dukes/page39771.html Energy Trends monthly Table 5.5: www.berr.gov.uk/energy/statistics/source/electricity/page18527.html Combined Heat and Power in Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and the regions of England in 2006 Energy Trends September 2007, page 26: www.berr.gov.uk/files/file41460.pdf Renewable energy in Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and the regions of England in 2006 Energy Trends September 2007, page 16: : www.berr.gov.uk/files/file41460.pdf
Specific exclusions from eligibility for the RO are existing hydro plant over 20 MW; all plant using renewable sources built before 1990 (unless re-furbished); and energy from mixed waste combustion unless the waste is first converted to fuel using advanced conversion technology. 3 The corresponding percentages for the UK as a whole are 3.51 in 2004, 4.15 in 2005 and 4.47 in 2006 which are similar to the overall renewables percentages in Table 3
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Table 1: Generation and supply of electricity in Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and England, 2005 and 2006
2005 Northern UK total Scotland Wales Ireland England
Generated by Total generated Own use by Other generators Electricity supplied (net) by Other generators Used in pumping at pumped storage and other own use by MPPs Electricity supplied (net) by MPPs Electricity transferred to England (net of receipts) Electricity transferred to Northern Ireland (net of receipts) Electricity transferred to Europe (net of receipts) Transfers from other generators to public supply Transmission losses Distribution losses Consumption from public supply [A] Consumption by autogenerators Total Electricity consumption Electricity sales (public supply) [B] Major power producers Other generators 362,212 36,160 398,372 1,608 34,552 19,972 342,241 -8,321 9,777 5,777 24,861 329,733 24,744 354,476 329,073 +660 41,848 32,201 7,399 2,448 49,246 34,649 329 7,070 3,403 109 2,340 4,601 9,239 399 9,638 18 381 325 8,915 -1,687 2,073 277 134 512 8,160 104 8,264 7,647 +512 278,925 25,914 304,838 1,152 24,762 11,643 267,282 -10,125 -10,394 6,322 4,688 21,086 268,370 18,418 286,788 267,326 +1,044
GWh
Northern Ireland
9,787 461 10,248 19 442 350 9,437 -905 1,778 350 135 514 8,265 92 8,357 8,063 +203
2006 UK total Scotland Wales

361,656 36,670 398,326 1,495 35,175 21,991 339,666 -7,517 12,145 5,736 24,902 328,722 22,999 351,720 328,299 +423 45,525 32,203 8,084 2,711 53,609 34,914 330 7,754 4,267 111 2,600 5,594
England
274,141 25,414 299,555 1,036 24,378 11,780 262,362 -13,924 -9,295 7,636 4,649 21,196 267,392 16,721 284,113 267,306 +86
38,445 27,600 5,628 1,687 2,170 573 1,874 4,497 1,009 382 1,388
41,259 26,609 10,036 905 2,851 571 1,826 3,888 1,308 380 1,366
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December 2007
30,859 22,344 4,894 1,329 35,753 23,672 30,975 23,125 -115 -781
30,779 22,286 4,896 1,290 35,675 23,576 29,866 23,064 +913 -778
Statistical difference between calculated consumption [A] and sales [B]
Figures in this table do not sum exactly to the UK totals shown because of rounding
Table 2: Generation of electricity by fuel in Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and England, 2005 and 2006
2005 UK total Scotland
Major power Coal producers: Oil Gas Nuclear Thermal renewables Hydro natural flow Hydro pumped storage Total Other Coal Generators: Oil Gas Thermal renewables Other thermal Hydro natural flow Non thermal renewables Wastes Total Total generation by fuel within Renewables Hydro which: Wind, wave, solar Other Total Renewables eligible under the renewables obligation Percentage shares of generation: 130,894 2,716 137,483 81,618 2,746 3,826 2,930 362,212 3,954 2,419 15,227 6,291 3,683 1,096 2,912 578 36,160 398,372 4,922 2,912 9,036 16,870 13,138 12,092 556 6,250 18,681 3,626 643 41,848 51 1,346 3,121 595 962 1,281 43 7,399 49,246 4,588 1,281 595 6,464 4,051
GWh
England
117,175 1,707 98,220 54,300 2,714 25 274,141 3,897 759 10,617 5,581 2,967 48 1,043 613 25,414 299,555 73 1,043 8,296 9,412 8,342 40.0% 0.9% 37.3% 17.5% -% 3.1% 1.2% 100%
December 2007
2006 Northern Ireland England

2,455 331 6,454 9,239 109,576 1,829 109,795 55,095 2,570 4 278,925 3,903 1,031 11,139 5,630 3,089 46 663 524 25,914 304,838 34 663 8,200 8,897 7,751
Wales
6,772 14,984 7,842 176 196 2,231 32,201 41 967 60 585 68 715 11 2,448 34,649 281 715 236 1,232 1,059
UK total
146,356 2,883 126,637 75,451 2,750 3,727 3,853 361,656 3,926 2,116 14,705 6,546 3,615 878 4,232 651 36,670 398,326 4,605 4,232 9,296 18,133 14,554
Scotland
17,488 890 8,347 14,141 3,476 1,184 45,525 30 1,251 3,287 714 749 2,023 29 8,084 53,609 4,225 2,023 714 6,961 4,576
Wales
8,992 13,272 7,010 36 226 2,668 32,203 105 802 231 648 49 867 9 2,711 34,914 275 867 267 1,409 1,286
Northern Ireland
2,701 286 6,799 9,787
6 19 253 399 9,638 19 253 4 277 277
19 32 299 461 10,248 32 299 19 350 350
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Coal 33.9% 24.7% 19.5% 36.9% 37.7% 32.7% 25.8% Oil 1.3% 3.9% 0.1% 1.0% 1.3% 4.0% 0.3% Gas 38.3% 19.0% 46.0% 40.5% 35.5% 21.7% 40.3% 17.5% 18.9% 26.4% 20.1% Nuclear 20.5% 37.9% 22.6% Hydro natural flow 1.2% 9.3% 0.8% -% 1.1% 7.9% 0.8% 2.9% 3.4% 5.1% 3.2% Other renewables 3.0% 3.8% 2.8% Other 1.8% 1.3% 8.2% 1.2% 2.0% 2.3% 9.5% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Shaded areas indicate where separate figures for Northern Ireland cannot be given and the data have been merged with data for England Figures in this table do not sum exactly to the UK totals shown because of rounding
Special feature Regional and local electricity consumption
Regional and local electricity consumption statistics for 2006

The fourth annual exercise to collect and publish electricity consumption data at a regional and local level has now taken place. This has been conducted by BERR which replaced DTI in June 2007. The first exercise was reported in the December 2004 edition of Energy Trends with an updated article in the March 2005 edition of Energy Trends. The results of the second exercise were presented in an article in the December 2005 edition of Energy Trends and the results of the third in an article in the December 2006 edition of Energy Trends.
Summary
Estimates of final electricity consumption at both local authority (NUTS4 1 ) and government office region (NUTS1) levels assist local and regional bodies to monitor and implement the energy efficiency programmes in their own areas. Once again excellent co-operation from electricity suppliers, distributors and data aggregators, has led to total and average consumption levels for domestic and industrial/commercial sectors being made available here. As before, the information has been taken from the administrative systems of the electricity companies data aggregators, but while the quality of the data is a further improvement on that for previous years, the statistics shown here are again classed as experimental while detailed comparisons are made between the four years of data to ensure that all the shortcomings of the earlier years data have been understood and allowed for.
Methodology
To produce 2006 annualised data at both local authority (NUTS4) and government office regional (NUTS1) levels, data were collected for all electricity metering points and then aggregated for each of the sub national areas. Every metering point has a unique reference number called an MPAN or meter point administration number which may have one or more meters. Consumption data for all MPANs are held on the systems of the data aggregators (DAs), the agents of the electricity suppliers who collate/aggregate electricity consumption levels for each meter. To find the geographical location of each MPAN, the services of a company called Gemserv are used. Gemserv is the company that provides one central access point for suppliers, distributors and their agents to obtain address and postcode information about each MPAN. By merging the DAs consumption data with Gemservs postal address information, local and regional consumption estimates were compiled. Gemserv provided BERR with the full address and postcode from their new on-line system ECOES 2 at the end of 2006. DAs responsible for non half hourly (NHH) meters (domestic and small commercial customers) were asked to use a standard run on their systems over the 2007 August Bank Holiday weekend to generate annualised consumption rates for the period from 30 January 2006 to 29 January 2007. This ensured that the data generated were consistent, that the task could be easily accommodated within the work schedules of the DAs, and that the costs to the electricity industry of providing the data were minimised. The information that was provided by the data aggregators was as follows: Consumption data, based on either an annualised advance (AA) or an estimated annual consumption (EAC). The AA is based on actual meter readings, whilst the EAC is an estimate of consumption based on historical information and the profile class of the customer. The DAs systems for NHH meters work around a 14-month settlement period, which ensures that around 80 per cent of the data are based on AAs after 7 months and
NUTS (Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics) is a hierarchical classification of spatial units that provides a breakdown of the European Unions territory for producing regional statistics which are comparable across the EU. NUTS1 refers to the 9 Government Office Regions in England, and separately Wales, Scotland, (and Northern Ireland), totalling 12 UK NUTS1 regions. NUTS4 refers to the 354 individual London boroughs/metropolitan districts/unitary authorities/local authority districts in England, the 22 individual unitary authorities in Wales, the 41 individual or groups of whole/part unitary authorities and/or local enterprise company areas in Scotland, (and the 26 individual district unitary authorities in Northern Ireland), totalling 443 UK NUTS4 regions. NUTS5 areas are broadly Electoral Wards; there are about 10,000 NUTS5 areas in Great Britain. 2 ECOES is the Electricity Central Online Enquiry Service
1
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December 2007

approximately 92 per cent after 14 months. So by generating the data for BERR in August 2007, around 80 per cent of NHH MPAN data collected for this exercise was based on electricity consumption taken from actual meter readings. There are around 28 million domestic, industrial and commercial NHH MPANs in Great Britain. For NHH meters the profile attached to each MPAN was also given and profiles 1 and 2 were allocated to the Domestic sector and profiles 3 to 8 to Industrial and Commercial. All HH meters were allocated to Industrial and Commercial. For half hourly (HH) meters (larger commercial customers), DAs ran a simple report on their systems to give the total amount of consumption for the calendar year 2006. There are currently around 109,000 HH meters in Great Britain (up from 105,000 in 2005). In addition to data linked to domestic and commercial properties, the data files also provided consumption levels for unmetered sites including street lighting and electricity used by the electrified railway network, based mainly in the south of England.
For the 2003 analysis DTI used the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Postcode Lookup File in order to assign postcodes first to NUTS5 areas and from there to NUTS4 areas. For 2004 and 2005 the Gemserv data was matched against the All Fields Postcode Directory (AFPD) to obtain a NUTS5 code and the NUTS5 code was truncated to 7 characters, giving a NUTS4 code. The AFPD was re-named as the NSPD (National Statistics Postcode Directory) in May 2006. For the 2006 exercise the February 2007 NSPD was used. Out of the 31.1 million records in the Gemserv dataset, it was not possible to allocate a NUTS code to around 900,000 records. This was due to the postcode being incomplete, invalid or missing. A number of invalid postcodes were corrected by automated methods, for example, changing those that started 1P to IP, those ending II to LL, and standardising on postcode spacing. Where a NUTS code could not be allocated in this way, the street and post town, or just post town, was used to allocate a NUTS code. These changes resulted in reducing the number of unmatched Gemserv records to 323,000. During the last 12 months, BERR/DTI has worked its way through those Gemserv data with incomplete, invalid or missing postcodes and added complete postcodes from other sources including Royal Mails Postcode Address File. This work resulted in reducing the number of MPANs with consumption that could not be allocated to a NUTS4 area to around 30,000. Because allocation to NUTS area is by postcode, any address containing a PO Box number will be assigned to the NUTS area of the Post Office sorting depot. This is particularly important for interpretation of data at a level below that of NUTS4 such as the middle layer super output area (MLSOA) analyses described below. In allocating MPANs to MLSOAs (or Dzones in Scotland), the NSPD did not have corresponding codes for all postcodes. In addition, on occasions it was only possible to allocate a NUTS4 code but not a lower level MLSOA code. As a result around 570,000 MPANs did not have an MLSOA code allocated. Any nominally domestic MPANs with consumption over 100,000 kWh (ie profile codes 1 and 2) were allocated to the industrial and commercial sector in the same way as they had been for previous years. Inspection of the individual data showed that there were very few recognisable private addresses with consumptions over 100,000 kWh, but a significant number between 50,000 and 100,000 kWh per year. Additionally, where the third to sixth variable of the address included text that indicated the address to be of a commercial nature by containing UNMET or UMS (ie unmetered supply) or STR (street lighting) or LAND or LLO (Landlord supply) or STAIR (staircase lighting), TEMP (temporary builders supply), LTD, PLC, SHOP or HOTEL consumption was moved to the industrial and commercial category. (This refinement was introduced for 2004 but for that year and 2005 only the third variable of the address was searched and LTD, PLC, SHOP and HOTEL were not included in the search). The 100,000 kWh cut off is known to have classified some very large domestic users to the industrial and commercial sector but this is more than outweighed by the number of small industrial and commercial consumers that will have been allocated to the domestic sector. In 2006 this process has resulted in 6,000 meters being reallocated with around 3,600 of this being due to consumption being greater than 100,000 kWh.
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Special feature Regional and local electricity consumption Regional and local estimates of final electricity consumption data
Table 3 shows the amount of electricity consumed by selected local authorities within each government office region. The table is broken down by domestic and commercial/industrial customers and shows the total amount of electricity consumed in GWh and the number of customers. Average consumption levels for domestic and non-domestic MPANs are also provided. The local authorities within each region have been selected to show those areas with the highest and lowest average consumptions. Commercial and industrial customers may have more than one MPAN per site. The number of domestic sector MPANs in Great Britain is larger than the number of households by about 6 per cent, although in Scotland there are around 19 per cent more domestic MPANs than households. This is because in Scotland it is estimated that some 280,000 domestic customers are on two-rate or three-rate meters using dynamic teleswitching to control when cheaper rate electricity is made available to consumers and these customers will have two MPANs per address. A similar system (resulting in multiple MPANs per customer) is available to households in England and Wales (Economy 10 being one example) but this is less widespread (around 800,000 customers in total). Second homes, holiday homes and additions to the housing stock will also lead to the number of MPANs exceeding the number of households. This means that the sales per MPAN figures understate consumption per household for most local authorities. The full table showing all NUTS4 areas 3 within these regions is available on the BERR Energy statistics web site at: www.berr.gov.uk/energy/statistics/regional/index.html www.berr.gov.uk/files/file42925.xls
Electricity consumption not covered by the data collection exercise

The consumption estimates provided here cover only Great Britain, and exclude those large consumers of electricity that are connected to the high voltage lines of the transmission system. Northern Ireland has been excluded because the structure of the electricity industry in Northern Ireland differs from the rest of the United Kingdom, where in 2006 there was a single monopoly supplier to domestic customers, Northern Ireland Electricity plc. This creates problems with disclosure. However, any consumer of more than 500 MWh per year can select its supplier from one of 6 licensed suppliers. In November 2007 the electricity market was further opened so that any Northern Ireland consumer can select their supplier. BERR has been in contact with Northern Ireland about extending this analysis in time for 2007 so that the whole of the United Kingdom is covered. In addition, DAs do not hold information on their systems for consumption levels for those industrial consumers, such as very large sites or plant, who receive their electricity as CVA (Central Volume Allocation) users via the high voltage transmission system. CVA users have different arrangements with their electricity suppliers to NHH and HH meter customers. CVA consumption is particularly important in Wales and so the consumption figure for Wales in Table 3 is lower than consumption estimate given on page 25. Also excluded is electricity used by companies that generate their own electricity and consume it without it passing over the public distribution network. This amounted to 24.5 TWh in the UK as a whole in 2006. Much of this autogeneration is from CHP schemes and an indication of the regional importance of such schemes can be obtained from an article on pages 26 to 32 of the September 2007 edition of Energy Trends (Combined Heat and Power in Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and the regions of England in 2006).
Comparison with other published annual figures for 2006

Table 1 compares the total figures shown in Table 3 with corresponding electricity figures published in Chapter 5 of the Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics 2007 (DUKES). After allowing for electricity not included in consumption in Table 3 (CVA and Northern Ireland), there is
The NUTS4 areas in Scotland do not match exactly the Scottish Local Authority Areas. There are more NUTS4 areas in Scotland than Local Authorities. In the analysis in the full table Scottish Local Authorities are used in place of NUTS4 giving a total of 408 local areas in Great Britain.
3
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a difference of around 4.2 TWh or just under 1 per cent. Some of this will be due to the fact that around 20 per cent of the data in the sub-national exercise is based on estimates rather than actual meter readings while another factor is that the NHH records run from end January 2006 to end January 2007 and not for the calendar year 2006.
Table 1: Comparison with published UK statistics for 2006

GB Total in Table 3 - Domestic Industrial and Commercial Total for Great Britain Plus Northern Ireland Plus Sales direct from high voltage lines (based on Ofgem data) Implied UK Sales of electricity UK Sales of electricity (DUKES 2007 Table 5.5) Statistical difference
Domestic sector (DUKES 2007 Table 5.2) Less Northern Ireland Domestic sector GB GB Total in Table 3 - Domestic Statistical difference
GWh 117,817 200,156 317,973 8,063 6,600 332,636 328,300 +4,336 (+1.3% of UK Sales) 116,449 -3,242 113,207 117,817 +4,610 (+3.9% of GB domestic consumption)
In addition the sub-national figures for domestic consumption appear to include about 4.6 TWh that are included as non-domestic consumption in DUKES. Some of this will be due to the overall overestimate of consumption described in the paragraph above, but some will also be due to the classification of consumption by profile class (see Methodology section, above) with small commercial and industrial consumers classified as domestic consumers.
Preliminary analyses
The lowest average domestic electricity consumptions (which is consumption per meter point rather than per home or per household) are 3,466 kWh in Islington, 3,482 kWh in South Tyneside and 3,517 kWh in Blaenau Gwent while the highest is 7,291 kWh in the Isles of Scilly (although on a per household basis estimated average consumptions in the Orkney and Shetland Islands are higher than this at around 9,500 and 11,300 kWh respectively). Commercial and industrial sector electricity consumption is a function of both the number of commercial and industrial sites in an area and the volume of electricity they use. Commercial centres such as Westminster, Leeds, Glasgow, Manchester, Birmingham and Tower Hamlets (Docklands) have a high total overall volume of consumption but they also have a large number of non-domestic consumers so average consumption per commercial and industrial meter point is usually relatively low. The three areas with the highest average consumption per commercial or industrial meter point (the City of London, Neath Port Talbot and Ellesmere Port and Neston) are of note because in those areas consumption is shared between fewer but larger consumers of electricity. The lowest level of industrial and commercial consumption of electricity in total volume terms is recorded in the Isles of Scilly and the Orkney Islands. However, low average consumptions are found in rural areas such as Penwith, Wealden, Torridge and the Western Isles, but also in some inner city areas such as Hackney, Lewisham and Lambeth. For Great Britain as a whole average domestic consumption per meter point in 2006 was 4,457 kWh 4 , with the West Midlands being the closest to this average in Regional terms. The East, the
Households are not evenly distributed about this mean because households using electricity as their main source of heating will have much higher consumptions. However, the majority of households do not use electricity as their main source of heating and the median MPAN recorded consumption of around 3,615 kWh per year in 2006. December 2007
4
24

South East and the South West had the highest domestic sector averages and the North East the lowest. However, on an estimated consumption per household basis Scotlands average at over 5,300 kWh is the highest. For industrial and commercial use the greatest regional volume of consumption is in Greater London and the least in the North East. However, in terms of electricity consumed per thousand of Gross Value Added, Wales ranks the highest and the North East the second highest with Greater London the lowest as Table 2 shows.
Table 2: Electricity consumption in 2006 in the industrial and commercial sector compared with economic activity
Electricity consumption (GWh) 11,794 9,315 17,157 23,355 14,989 17,300 17,452 15,783 16,827 24,632 29,143 200,156 kWh consumption per thousand of Gross Value Added* 286.28 258.53 219.67 219.44 209.14 204.17 202.19 185.77 179.88 161.18 143.07 184.76
Wales North East Yorkshire and the Humber North West East Midlands West Midlands Scotland South West East of England South East Greater London Great Britain total (including unallocated)
* This uses provisional Gross Value Added in 2005 at current basic prices (workplace based) as available at www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_economy/NUTS1_Tables_1-8.xls; Table 1.8 at 3 December 2007.
Chart 1: Average gas and electricity consumption per household, 2006

25,000
20,000 kWh per Household
15,000
10,000
5,000
0 East of England Yorks and Humber Great Britain Scotland South East London East Midlands South West West Midlands North West North East Wales
Gas
Electric
(Corrected chart)
25
December 2007

Charts 1 and 2 illustrate the data at regional level. Chart 1 shows regional consumption for the domestic sector on a per household basis (rather than per MPAN) using the latest available household data. The regions are shown in order of average annual consumptions but annual average gas consumptions (see article on page 30) are also given. Chart 2 similarly combines electricity and gas use per thousand of Gross Value Added. The South West, South East and London use proportionately more electricity than gas per unit of output on this basis.
Chart 2: Industrial and commercial electricity and gas consumption per thousand of value added, 2006
700 600 kWh per thousand GVA 500 400 300 200 100 0 Scotland Great Britain Yorks and Humber East of England North East South West North West South East East Midlands West Midlands London Wales
Electric
Gas
Improvements to the data since 2003

Experimental results for 2005, 2004 and 2003 were published in the December 2006, December 2005 and March 2005 editions of Energy Trends. The 2006 data are judged to be of better quality than those of the earlier years as the following improvements have been made: As described in the Methodology section, above, much more data have now been allocated to NUTS4 areas than in earlier years. Unallocated consumption accounted for 0.8 per cent of the Great Britain total compared with 1.7 per cent unallocated in 2005 and 6.5 per cent unallocated in 2003. In terms of numbers of MPANs unallocated the proportion has fallen from 0.7 per cent in 2003 to 0.1 per cent in 2006. The 2003 data as submitted to DTI contained duplicated entries for a large number of MPANs, although this was mainly confined to the North West region. Although the duplicated data were removed, it is suspected that the resultant dataset did not adhere strictly to the specification used by other datasets in other regions. There were no duplicated entry problems in 2004 and 2005. In 2006 the duplicate entries resulting from one data aggregator providing data for a slightly later time period have been removed. The system for moving non domestic data to the industrial and commercial sector through identifying large non-private household use such as street lighting, other unmetered usage, and usage attributable to communal areas in multi-occupied dwellings and housing estates has been extended in 2006 by identifying the words Ltd, PLC, Shop and Hotel within the address fields. From 2005 DTI/BERR was able to remove duplicated MPANs that can arise for new connections because of changes to building plans. Mostly these were MPANs for which consumption was zero and full postcodes had not been allocated. Since 2003 there has been a general improvement in the statistical differences between these data in aggregate and corresponding data published in the Digest of UK Energy Statistics. The statistical difference has fallen from 3.4 per cent of UK electricity sales in 2003 to 1.3 per cent in 2006. The statistical difference for domestic sector sales has fallen from 14.2 per cent in 2003 to 3.9 per cent in 2006 (see Table 1, above). These unallocated figures have shown a reduction in bias over the four years. For domestic consumers the average consumption of the unallocated MPANs in 2003 was 10
December 2007
26

per cent below the average for all domestic consumers but this reduced to 8 per cent below in 2004, 5 per cent below in 2005 and 2 per cent below in 2006. For the unallocated MPANs in the industrial and commercial sector average consumption in 2003 was almost 4 times the average consumption for all industrial and commercial MPANs (ie some very large consumers could not be allocated to a NUTS4 area). This rose in 2004 but in 2005 fell back to less than 1 times, but rose once again to 3 times the average in 2006. However, each year the Royal Mail introduces changes to postcodes so that areas of the country that are expanding can be better covered. This can lead to discontinuities in the allocation of MPANs to NUTS areas via the NSPD. There was a small increase in average domestic consumption per MPAN from 4,600 kWh in 2003 to 4,628 kWh in 2004 but this fell back to 4,606 kWh in 2005 and then to 4,459 kWh in 2006 at the Great Britain level. Average industrial and commercial consumption per MPAN has shown a small fall from 77,909 kWh in 2003 to 77,620 kWh in 2004 but rose to 78,223 kWh in 2005 and 81,876 kWh in 2006. The total number of MPANs with non-zero electricity consumption recorded is shown to have risen from 28.25 million in 2003 to 28.38 million in 2004, 28.50 million in 2005 and 28.88 million in 2006. Annually around one million MPANs have no electricity consumption because they relate to new-build properties, new businesses or established businesses that have closed down. The improvements to the data, described above, mean that changes at region and local authority level between the 2003, 2004 and 2005 data are most likely to be due to data improvements. The data should not be used to infer that consumption in any particular area has gone up or down. As a result of the improvements that have been made, BERR will be seeking to have the data classified as National Statistics in 2008.
Consumption information below local authority area level

Following a successful pilot exercise with 6 local authorities during 2005 and 2006 BERR produced an additional analysis of the 2004 Regional and Local Authority based electricity data at middle layer super output area (MLSOA) for local authorities in England and Wales. For the 2005 data an analysis was produced for both electricity and gas consumption at MLSOA in England and Wales and for intermediate geography zone (IGZ) for local authorities in Scotland. These analyses were produced after the Local Authority based data, which resulted in some minor discrepancies between the two data sets. An article in the June 2007 edition of Energy Trends described the methodology undertaken to produce this information. For the 2006 data, a similar MLSOA/IGZ analysis was carried out simultaneously with the local authority based analysis, which has avoided such discrepancies. However, due to the increased risk of breaching National Statistics data disclosure rules when publishing more disaggregated information, additional checks need to be undertaken before the data can be released. It is hoped that the data will be made available in early 2008 on the BERR website at: www.berr.gov.uk/energy/statistics/regional/index.html
Mike Janes Energy Statistics and Analysis Tel: 020 7215 5186 Fax: 020 7215 2723 E-mail: Mike.Janes@berr.gsi.gov.uk
Emma Nadolny Energy Statistics and Analysis Tel: 020 7215 5188 Fax: 020 7215 2723 E-mail: Emma.Nadolny@berr.gsi.gov.uk
The production of this article and the associated tables is very much a team effort. The BERR team includes Julian Prime, Jennifer Knight, Hannah Evans, and Jon Williams. The excellent co-operation in this process of data aggregators and Gemserv is also acknowledged.
27
December 2007
Table 3: Selected regional and local electricity consumption statistics (experimental)

December 2007 Domestic consumers Government Office Regions and selected NUTS4 Regions
Blaenau Gwent Ceredigion Powys Neath Port Talbot TOTAL WALES Glasgow City Renfrewshire Orkney Islands Clackmannanshire TOTAL SCOTLAND South Tyneside Berwick-upon-Tweed Sunderland Redcar and Cleveland TOTAL NORTH EAST Barrow-in-Furness Eden Copeland Ellesmere Port & Neston TOTAL NORTH WEST Barnsley Ryedale Richmondshire North Lincolnshire TOTAL YORKSHIRE AND THE HUMBER Chesterfield Corby East Lindsey South Northamptonshire TOTAL EAST MIDLANDS Sales 2006 GWh 110 179 289 232 5,600 1,293 367 84 103 12,117 240 80 455 242 4,494 125 135 141 146 13,111 379 120 110 294 9,564 178 101 321 201 8,510 Number of MPANs (thousands) 31.2 31.7 58.5 62.6 1,328.5 334.5 89.3 12.8 24.4 2,695.9 69.0 15.8 124.8 62.4 1,173.8 32.4 23.6 31.9 34.9 3,064.2 100.9 23.7 22.3 69.3 2,272.8 48.2 24.4 62.8 35.6 1,927.7
Commercial and industrial consumers

Sales 2006 GWh 186 205 377 1,289 11,794 2,112 590 60 232 17,452 275 100 972 1,018 9,315 372 316 122 759 23,355 736 207 121 1,148 17,157 354 425 424 236 14,989 Number of MPANs (thousands) 2.2 5.6 11.3 4.0 125.1 25.7 5.4 2.3 1.4 228.9 4.0 2.4 7.9 3.8 82.4 2.2 4.4 2.9 2.3 242.6 6.2 3.8 2.9 5.9 179.5 4.1 2.1 7.7 3.0 161.3
All consumers
Sales 2006 GWh 296 384 666 1,521 17,394 3,405 957 144 335 29,568 515 180 1,427 1,260 13,809 497 452 264 905 36,465 1,115 327 231 1,442 26,721 532 526 746 437 23,499 Number of MPANs (thousands) 33.4 37.3 69.8 66.6 1,453.6 360.2 94.7 15.0 25.9 2,924.9 72.9 18.2 132.8 66.1 1,256.2 34.6 27.9 34.8 37.2 3,306.7 107.1 27.5 25.2 75.2 2,452.3 52.3 26.5 70.4 38.6 2,089.0
kWh per MPAN

Average domestic consumption 3,517 5,652 4,946 3,707 4,216 3,866 4,113 6,601 4,195 4,494 3,482 5,061 3,642 3,886 3,829 3,853 5,738 4,425 4,192 4,279 3,759 5,062 4,960 4,243 4,208 3,702 4,142 5,117 5,641 4,415 Average industrial and commercial consumption 83,772 36,607 33,396 323,832 94,291 82,116 109,202 26,273 161,454 76,212 69,392 42,167 122,513 270,181 113,025 167,611 72,645 42,929 324,977 96,282 118,205 54,457 41,218 193,637 95,562 85,390 200,735 55,368 77,859 92,934
28
Table 3 (continued): Selected regional and local electricity consumption statistics (experimental)
Domestic consumers Government Office Regions and selected NUTS4 Regions
Stoke-on-Trent Stratford-on-Avon South Shropshire North Warwickshire TOTAL WEST MIDLANDS Norwich Mid Suffolk Castle Point Thurrock TOTAL EAST OF ENGLAND Islington Barnet Hackney City of London TOTAL GREATER LONDON Wealden South Bucks Portsmouth Crawley TOTAL SOUTH EAST Swindon Isles of Scilly Restormel Weymouth and Portland TOTAL SOUTH WEST Unallocated Consumption GREAT BRITAIN Sales 2006 GWh 425 298 110 132 10,436 221 231 184 307 11,973 318 682 342 25 13,701 337 155 341 172 17,041 369 8 262 122 11,181 88 117,816 Number of MPANs (thousands) 110.5 53.4 20.1 26.5 2,324.8 61.6 39.8 37.2 64.6 2,456.9 91.6 137.1 93.8 5.6 3,267.4 62.0 26.8 86.0 40.0 3,565.0 86.3 1.2 45.1 30.4 2,336.7 20.3 26,433.8
Commercial and industrial consumers

Sales 2006 GWh 711 360 109 416 17,300 549 281 97 791 16,827 948 569 438 2,718 29,143 217 235 699 540 24,632 925 8 545 122 15,783 2,410 200,156 Number of MPANs (thousands) 8.7 6.0 3.2 2.5 200.9 7.1 4.2 2.3 4.4 217.4 18.5 11.9 17.1 7.9 415.4 6.8 2.7 7.3 3.3 337.1 6.0 0.4 5.2 2.8 244.1 9.9 2,444.6
All consumers
Sales 2006 GWh 1,136 658 218 548 27,736 771 512 281 1,099 28,801 1,265 1,251 780 2,742 42,843 554 389 1,040 712 41,673 1,294 16 807 244 26,964 2,499 317,972 Number of MPANs (thousands) 119.2 59.4 23.3 29.0 2,525.7 68.7 44.0 39.4 69.0 2,674.2 110.1 149.0 110.9 13.5 3,682.8 68.8 29.5 93.3 43.4 3,902.1 92.4 1.6 50.2 33.2 2,580.7 30.2 28,878.0
kWh per MPAN

Average domestic consumption 3,845 5,581 5,437 4,966 4,489 3,591 5,812 4,938 4,758 4,873 3,466 4,974 3,644 4,425 4,193 5,428 5,762 3,966 4,291 4,780 4,272 7,291 5,819 4,021 4,785 4,345 4,457 Average industrial and commercial consumption 81,700 59,747 34,418 169,664 86,100 77,662 67,045 43,094 180,578 77,414 51,341 48,000 25,624 342,209 70,149 31,951 87,148 95,597 163,420 73,069 152,988 18,658 105,274 43,413 64,669 244,597 81,876
29
December 2007
Special feature Regional and local gas consumption
Regional and local gas consumption statistics for 2006

Introduction
In March 2007 DTI (whose energy responsibilities have now been absorbed by BERR) published the results of exercises covering 2004 and 2005 that converted gas consumption provided by xoserve into estimates of gas consumption at a regional and local level (NUTS1 and NUTS4 areas 1 ). xoserve delivers transportation transactional services on behalf of all the major gas network transportation companies and is therefore the custodian of the Annual Quantity (AQ) data. BERR has now carried out a similar exercise for 2006 data having obtained permissions from the gas transporting companies for xoserve to release these data to BERR. These data are at Meter Point Reference Number (MPRN) level and BERR was able to use its experience of collecting and analysing the Meter Point Administration Number (MPAN) level data for electricity consumption (see article on pages 21 to 29) to organise and analyse the gas data at this disaggregated level. BERR has also augmented the xoserve data with data from eight groups of companies that are independent gas transporters (companies that have installed and own the local gas distribution pipelines between the National Grid network and, usually, recently built properties). These independent gas transporters account for some 850,000 customers and 16,900 GWh of consumption.
Methodology
The xoserve data were allocated to NUTS5 areas using the National Statistics Postcode Directory (NSPD) compiled by the Office for National Statistics (ONS). Truncating the NUTS5 code to 7 characters gives the NUTS4 code. Out of the 22.2 million records on the xoserve and independent gas transporters databases in 2006 it was not possible to allocate a NUTS code to only a very small number of records (just 534) because of incomplete, missing or incorrect postcodes. This improved matching, compared with the 9,000 figure for 2005, was due to additional data sources such as the Postcode Address File (PAF) being used to allocate data. The method of allocating data to NUTS areas differs from the method previously used before 2004 when the only data that BERR had access to was National Grid (Transco) data at postcode sector level and entailed apportioning data to NUTS4 areas when postcode sectors spanned more than one Local Authority. Additionally, to avoid disclosure of data for individual customers (which confidentiality commitments did not permit) National Grid used an algorithm to combine postcode sectors. In different years different postcodes were selected for amalgamation because the number of customers in a particular postcode sector may have moved above or below the amalgamation threshold. This makes comparison between years more difficult. A corresponding dataset for 2004 has also been provided by xoserve and identical methodology was used to produce a NUTS4 level dataset. This was analysed in the March 2007 article. However, in 2004 more records had incomplete, missing or incorrect postcodes (just under 124,000) and data for some of the independent gas transporters were not available and had to be estimated using the 2005 data. Because allocation to NUTS area is by postcode, any address containing a PO Box number will be assigned to the NUTS area of the Post Office sorting depot. This is particularly important for interpretation of data at a level below that of NUTS4 such as the Middle Layer Super Output Area (MLSOA) analyses described below. In allocating MPRNs to MLSOAs (or Dzones in Scotland), the NSPD did not have corresponding codes for all postcodes. In addition, on occasions it was
NUTS (Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics) is a hierarchical classification of spatial units that provides a breakdown of the European Unions territory for producing regional statistics which are comparable across the EU. NUTS1 refers to the 9 Government Office Regions in England, and separately Wales, Scotland, (and Northern Ireland), totalling 12 UK NUTS1 regions. NUTS4 refers to the 354 individual London boroughs/metropolitan districts/unitary authorities/local authority districts in England, the 22 individual unitary authorities in Wales, the 41 individual or groups of whole/part unitary authorities and/or local enterprise company areas in Scotland, (and the 26 individual district unitary authorities in Northern Ireland), totalling 443 UK NUTS4 regions. There were 4 NUTS4 areas in Great Britain where National Grid transmitted no gas: Isles of Scilly, Eilean Siar (Western Isles), Orkney Islands and Shetland Islands. NUTS5 areas are broadly Electoral Wards; there are about 10,000 NUTS5 areas in Great Britain.
December 2007
30

only possible to allocate a NUTS4 code but not a lower level MLSOA code. As a result around 200,000 MPRNs did not have an MLSOA code allocated.
Coverage
The data represent gas transported through the national distribution system that was previously wholly owned by National Grid. The data exclude any gas passing through other transmission and distribution systems such as those owned by North Sea producers. However, gas that passes through the National Transmission System and then into another independently owned local distribution system before reaching consumers is included. The data relate only to distribution and exclude large loads fed directly from the national transmission system (such as certain power stations and large industrial consumers). The data do include the two and a half thousand gas consumers whose consumptions are recorded on a daily basis (Daily Metered or DM customers). As such, the total consumption of the NUTS4 areas given in this article represents around three fifths of the total UK gas consumption for 2006, as recorded in the Digest of UK Energy Statistics 2007 (DUKES). Of the remaining two fifths, almost all of it is gas supplied to power stations and other larger users through the National Transmission System but about 5 per cent is gas supplied through the transmission systems of others. Further work by BERR has enabled the non-xoserve data to be allocated to NUTS4 areas and hence to regions and this is set out below in Table 1. The annual quantity (AQ) data on which the consumption for each gas meter is based is an estimate of annualised consumption between two meter readings at least 6 months apart with the closing reading taken within the period 1st April 2006 to 31st March 2007. However, not all AQs are recalculated each year, mainly because gas shippers have not provided any new meter readings. The number of AQs carried forward is variable but is usually around 4 million. A weather correction factor is applied (except to sites that have daily meters) so that AQ data are adjusted to normal weather conditions based on a 17 year average. For these reasons the data cannot be exactly aligned to data in DUKES which are calendar year and not weather corrected, or data on electricity which are partly calendar year and partly 30 January 2006 to 29 January 2007.
Regional and local estimates

Table 2 (presented in landscape format at the end of this article) shows gas sales via the national distribution network for Scotland, Wales and the regions of England for 2006. Domestic sector sales are distinguished from commercial and industrial sales and the numbers of consumers are also given. From this information sales per consumer have been calculated. The data cannot be fully disaggregated into final consumption, energy industry use and transformation use at NUTS4 level. The data received from xoserve do not currently contain a reliable profile marker to indicate if the MPRN relates to either a domestic or industrial/commercial consumer. The gas industry uses a cut off point of 73,200 kWh (2,500 therms) and classifies consumers below that annual consumption level as domestic consumers. This incorrectly allocates many small businesses to the domestic sector, and some large domestic consumers to the industrial/commercial sector. BERR is continuing to investigate whether a better classification can be produced, either through linking the meter point data to external business databases through postcode or by using information on the electricity meter point database. In addition, Table 2 shows information for a selected number of NUTS4 areas. The full tables showing all 408 NUTS4 areas 2 are available on the BERR Energy statistics web site at: www.berr.gov.uk/energy/statistics/regional/index.html www.berr.gov.uk/files/file42926.xls Maps showing NUTS4 areas are available from the National Statistics web site at: www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/maps.asp .
The NUTS4 areas in Scotland do not exactly match the Scottish Local Authority Areas. There are more NUTS4 areas in Scotland than Local Authorities. In the analysis in the full tables Scottish Local Authorities are used in place of NUTS4 giving a total of 408 local areas in Great Britain.
31
December 2007

The NUTS4 areas (local authority areas in Scotland) selected for Table 2 have been chosen to show some of the variation within the wider region. NUTS4s with the highest per meter point sales in 2006 are shown as well as the areas with the lowest per meter point sales. When comparisons are made between 2006 and data for 2004 and 2005, it should be recognised that in the domestic sector new housing developments can substantially change the average consumption per consumer, as can new connections to the gas network. Similarly new industrial and commercial establishments or the closure or run down of existing businesses can have a large effect on the average consumption in a NUTS4 area, particularly if that incoming or outgoing business was a relatively large consumer.
Preliminary analyses
The lowest average domestic consumptions (strictly consumption per meter point rather than per home or household) in 2006 are 12,442 kWh in Tower Hamlets, followed by Southwark (13,454) and Westminster (13,804) all inner city areas. The highest average domestic consumptions are East Renfrewshire (24,690 kWh), South Buckinghamshire (24,322) and Chiltern (24,058). High average industrial and commercial consumptions tend to occur where a number of relatively large consumers dominate an area with a relatively small total number of industrial meter points. As a result Kings Lynn and West Norfolk, Thurrock and Selby, all have an average of over 3,500,000 kWh. The smallest average per meter point industrial and commercial consumptions are found in four rural areas Argyll and Bute (189,025 kWh), Elmbridge (189,194) South Buckinghamshire (190,895) and Tandridge (192,586). Areas with a large number of industrial and commercial meters tend to be major commercial centres such as Birmingham, Westminster, and Leeds (all with more than 5,000 meter points). Chart 1: Average gas consumption per household, 2006
20,000 19,000 18,000 17,000 kWh per Meter 16,000 15,000 14,000 13,000 12,000 11,000 Yorks and Humber East of England Great Britain Scotland North East East Midlands North West South East London West Midlands South West Wales 10,000 0
Charts 1 and 2 illustrate the data at a regional level. Chart 1 shows regional consumption for the domestic sector on a per household (ie per MPRN) basis. Scotland, the North East of England and
December 2007
32

Yorkshire and The Humber have the highest average gas consumptions and London and the South West of England the lowest. Gas demand in the domestic sector is very weather sensitive so this is as expected. Chart 2 shows that Yorkshire and the Humber and the North East of England have the highest industrial and commercial gas consumption per thousand pounds of Gross Value Added 3 at more than twice the corresponding figures for London and the South East of England. Adding electricity consumption per thousand pounds of Gross Value Added (see article on page 21) to the corresponding gas figure, to indicate the more energy intensive regions, makes very little change to the distribution, except to raise Wales and the North East of England, which are big electricity users, above Yorkshire and the Humber. Chart 2: Industrial and commercial gas and electricity consumption per thousand of value added, 2006
700 600 kWh per thousand GVA 500 400 300 200 100 0 Yorks and Humber Great Britain East of England Scotland South West North West South East North East West Midlands East Midlands London Wales
Gas
Electric
Middle layer super output area (MLSOA) and Intermediate Geography zone (IGZ) estimates of gas consumption
Following a successful pilot for extending the local authority electricity analysis to middle layer super output areas 4 DTI published 2005 gas consumption data at MLSOA for local authorities in England and Wales and at IGZ for local authorities in Scotland. Articles in the June 2007 and September 2007 editions of Energy Trends provide more information on the approach to producing this data. The exercise has been repeated, and data for 2006 has been prepared, and is currently undergoing disclosure checking before it can be released on the BERR website. Disclosure is a particular issue for IGZ, as the gas network is less widespread in Scotland, and IGZ cover a smaller number of households than MLSOAs. The publication of this data has enabled councils to monitor and target small areas for further interventions as part of their local energy strategies, and enhance the implementation of energy efficiency programmes and reduction of CO2 emissions.
Mean and median gas consumption

The dataset of consumption at MPRN level enables the distribution of gas consumptions to be examined. Of particular interest are consumptions of 73,200 kWh and below covering mainly the domestic sector but also small businesses. In 2004 mean annual consumption per MPRN for this
3
Using provisional Gross Value Added in 2005 at current basic prices (workplace based) as available at www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_economy/NUTS1_Tables_1-8.xls; Table 1.8 as at 3 December 2007.
Middle layer super output areas are a statistical geography developed by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) as part of the 2001 census. They are areas containing a minimum population of 5,000 or around 2,000 households. MLSOA have the advantage of having more stable boundaries and are more homogenous in terms of population when compared to NUTS5 or electoral ward areas. In Scotland, a similar system has been devised called data zones, which are combined to form Intermediate Geography Zones.
33
December 2007

category was 19,325 kWh, falling to 19,020 kWh in 2005 and to 18,240 in 2006. The median consumptions in each of these years were lower than this at 17,973 kWh in 2004 and 17,604 kWh in 2005 and 16,787 kWh in 2006. High gas prices and warm weather contributed to these reductions. Certain annual consumption values are used as defaults for meters in new properties and for meters that for other reasons had no meter readings on which to base AQs. The values of 12,100, 13,420, 15,150, 20,600, and 22,500 kWh are particular cases in point. These local peak values were removed from the distributions before the means and medians given above were calculated.
Gas consumption not covered by the national dataset

As in the March 2007 article, BERR has produced a breakdown of the remaining two fifths of gas consumption not covered by the xoserve data, subject to confidentiality constraints. In 2006, according to Table 4.3 of DUKES 2007, gas consumption in the UK amounted to 958,377 GWh. Of this, it is estimated that 295,229 GWh was accounted for by 36 power stations and by consumers in Northern Ireland (who were supplied by a single supply company) and 96,812 GWh by around 70 large industrial sites. Clearly, the relatively small number of sites means that assigning consumptions to NUTS4 areas would disclose the gas consumption of individual sites. BERR and xoserve have both undertaken that such commercially sensitive information would not be disclosed. However NUTS4 areas on the full regional and local gas tables are available on the BERR energy web site at: www.berr.gov.uk/energy/statistics/regional/regional-local-gas/page36200.html and carry a marker to indicate that they contain either power stations or large industrial consumers. Table 1 gives information for the regions of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, although some regions are combined so as not to disclose the data for individual consumers or suppliers. When these power station and large consumer figures are subtracted from total UK gas consumption the balance is close to the sum of the domestic and industrial and commercial figures shown in Table 2 (and Table 3 of the corresponding March 2007 article). The difference between these estimates is accounted for by the fact that the xoserve numbers are weather corrected rather than actual gas sales as reported to BERR by suppliers, and by the fact that the periods covered (see Coverage, above) are slightly different.
Table 1: Sub-national gas consumption data for power stations and large industrial consumers
2005 Power stations and Northern Ireland: East Midlands Yorkshire and the Humber East of England London and the South East North East and North West Scotland and Northern Ireland Wales and the South West Total Large industrial consumers 5 Implied xoserve total (calculated estimate, see text
above). This is not corrected for weather and includes statistical differences.
GWh
2006 20,481 57,178 48,007 47,244 41,084 36,806 40,172 295,229 96,812 566,336 958,377
34,360 63,932 42,875 50,765 41,257 32,436 32,129 302,827 110,327 597,829 1,010,983
UK gas consumption (Table 4.3 of DUKES 2007) xoserve GB totals as shown in Table 2 (weather corrected to standard 17 year trend) Table 3 of March 2007 article for 2005 Implied weather correction, calendar and other statistical differences.
667,588 69,759
628,734 62,398
The 2005 data now include all consumers classed as unique sites by xoserve. consumers than the previous National Grid/Transco classification.
This covers more
December 2007
34
Special feature Regional and local gas consumption Consultation

If you have any comments on these estimates please send them to Emma Nadolny at the email address below. Alternatively mail can be addressed to Ms Emma Nadolny, Bay 2101, 1 Victoria Street, London, SW1H 0ET. Emma Nadolny Energy Statistics and Analysis Tel: 020 7215 5188 Fax: 020 7215 2723 E-mail: Emma.Nadolny@berr.gsi.gov.uk Mike Janes Energy Statistics and Analysis Tel: 020 7215 5186 Fax: 020 7215 2723 E-mail: Mike.Janes@berr.gsi.gov.uk
The production of this article and the associated tables is very much a team effort. The BERR team includes Julian Prime, Jennifer Knight, Hannah Evans, and Jon Williams. The excellent co-operation in this process of xoserve and the independent gas transporters is also acknowledged.
35
December 2007
Table 2: Regional and local gas consumption statistics 2006
December 2007
Domestic consumers (1) Sales 2006 GWh 449 635 543 818 19,599 3,640 794 206 530 34,342 1,013 402 193 1,029 20,018 496 1,333 508 191 51,567 1,713 1,140 382 447 37,954 619 510 223 429 30,484 Number of MPRNs (thousands) 27.69 30.20 31.19 46.22 1,059.75 226.51 32.15 10.36 26.40 1,784.50 56.90 16.89 9.66 57.64 1,051.0 31.06 59.45 27.26 10.01 2,763.99 106.20 54.91 19.76 24.13 2,021.33 38.20 24.44 11.16 23.54 1,648.55
Commercial and industrial consumers Sales 2006 GWh 261 289 128 1,597 12,803 2,915 149 50 1,361 24,468 406 136 60 1,265 12,317 562 680 104 634 30,642 1,306 584 135 1,260 26,898 382 328 71 1,027 17,491 Number of MPRNs (thousands) 0.58 0.52 0.48 0.62 15.46 4.48 0.68 0.27 0.51 32.53 0.81 0.32 0.20 0.61 15.71 0.40 1.54 0.35 0.24 46.56 1.75 1.40 0.47 0.35 35.10 0.66 0.61 0.26 0.42 26.95
All consumers Sales 2006 GWh 710 925 671 2,414 32,401 6,555 943 256 1,891 58,811 1,420 538 253 2,295 32,335 1,059 2,013 612 852 82,209 3,020 1,724 517 1,707 64,852 1,001 838 294 1,456 47,976 Number of MPRNs (thousands) 28.27 30.72 31.67 46.83 1,075.22 230.98 32.83 10.63 26.91 1,817.03 57.70 17.21 9.86 58.25 1,066.75 31.46 61.00 27.61 10.244 2,810.54 107.95 56.31 20.23 24.48 2,056.42 38.85 25.05 11.42 23.95 1,675.50
Sales per MPRN - kWh Commercial and industrial 450,051 556,457 269,936 2,579,193 827,908 651,458 219,713 189,025 2,663,630 752,127 502,963 426,479 296,770 2,077,438 784,002 1,414,154 440,464 300,456 2,674,636 658,252 747,259 417,143 287,326 3,578,856 766,534 575,493 539,073 271,943 2,474,282 649,144
Domestic
Government Office Regions and selected NUTS4 Regions Gwynedd Blaenau Gwent Pembrokeshire Wrexham TOTAL WALES Glasgow City East Renfrewshire Argyll and Bute Moray TOTAL SCOTLAND (2) Middlesborough Castle Morpeth Alnwick Redcar and Cleveland TOTAL NORTH EAST Barrow-in-Furness Macclesfield Copeland Eden TOTAL NORTH WEST City of Kingston upon Hull Harrogate Craven Selby TOTAL YORKSHIRE AND THE HUMBER Lincoln Derbyshire Dales Rutland Corby TOTAL EAST MIDLANDS
16,199 21,040 17,401 17,695 18,493 16,070 24,690 19,859 20,081 19,245 17,809 23,812 20,008 17,857 19,046 15,956 22,427 18,617 19,117 18,657 16,135 20,752 19,353 18,526 18,777 16,211 20,861 20,013 18,233 18,492
36
Table 2: Regional and local gas consumption statistics 2006
Domestic consumers (1) Sales 2006 GWh Number of MPRNs (thousands)
Commercial and industrial consumers Sales 2006 GWh Number of MPRNs (thousands)
All consumers Sales 2006 GWh Number of MPRNs (thousands)
Sales per MPRN - kWh Commercial and industrial 456,179 286,400 250,731 1,244,216 621,888 563,705 224,669 239,145 4,165,737 620,768 575,678 216,886 845,857 1,167,714 446,851 487,937 190,895 189,194 1,621,577 422,413 217,293 258,929 1,831,141 3,291,683 540,173 43,252 605,218
Domestic
622 38.37 266 0.58 887 38.96 Bromsgrove 721 34.55 193 0.68 914 35.23 South Shropshire 133 7.70 38 0.15 171 7.82 East Staffordshire 693 39.23 798 0.64 1,490 39.87 TOTAL WEST MIDLANDS 36,676 2,013.38 21,172 34.05 57,848 2,047.42 Norwich 866 56.09 550 0.98 1,415 57.06 Castle Point 681 34.08 86 0.38 767 34.45 Three Rivers 695 32.29 203 0.85 897 33.14 Thurrock 894 54.44 2,649 0.64 3,543 55.07 TOTAL EAST OF ENGLAND 34,679 1,923.17 19,766 31.84 54,445 1,955.01 Tower Hamlets 918 73.76 803 1.39 1,720 75.16 Barnet 2,660 122.22 747 3.46 3,406 125.67 Greenwich 1,479 91.21 995 1.18 2,474 92.37 Newham 1,409 89.93 1,310 1.12 2,720 91.05 TOTAL GREATER LONDON 50,943 2,923.45 26,007 58.20 76,950 2,981.65 Portsmouth 1,115 75.96 528 1.08 1,644 77.04 South Bucks 594 24.41 191 1.00 785 25.41 Elmbridge 1,135 48.83 385 2.04 1,520 50.86 Swale 820 48.98 955 0.59 1,775 49.57 TOTAL SOUTH EAST 55,121 3,008.46 23,669 56.03 78,790 3,064.50 Penwith 242 17.21 59 0.27 301 17.48 East Dorset 639 32.26 101 0.39 740 32.65 Restormel 367 22.92 773 0.42 1,139 23.35 West Somerset 123 7.74 385 0.12 508 7.85 TOTAL SOUTH WEST 27,785 1,686.00 14,305 26.48 42,090 1,712.48 Unallocated 10 0.56 17 0.40 28 0.96 GREAT BRITAIN 399,179 21,884.18 229,555 379.29 628,733 22,263.48 (1) Customers with an annual consumption of less than 73,200 kWh which will include some small industrial and commercial consumers
Government Office Regions and selected NUTS4 Regions Worcester
16,196 20,852 17,313 17,658 18,216 15,441 19,978 21,518 16,414 18,032 12,442 21,760 16,218 15,672 17,426 14,689 24,322 23,239 16,744 18,322 14,056 19,799 15,991 15,909 16,480 18,455 18,241
37
December 2007
Special feature Regional and local energy consumption
Regional and local estimates of non gas, non electricity and non road transport fuels in 2005
The March 2007 edition of Energy Trends contained a short article advising readers that 2004 consumption estimates of non gas, non electricity and non road transport at local authority (NUTS4) and regional (NUTS1) levels. Estimates of similar data for 2005 have now been produced for BERR by AEA Energy and Environment who are responsible for the National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (NAEI); much of the base data for the estimates was obtained from the NAEI. The dataset covers consumption of a number of different fuel sources including coal, manufactured solid fuels, industrial and domestic use of petroleum and renewables. As with data for 2003 and 2004, it has not been possible to produce local authority estimates for petroleum consumption for aircraft and national navigation, as consumption cannot be sensibly allocated to a NUTS4 area. There are also no estimates of heat sold as the source data that is currently available is already heavily modelled at the UK level, and therefore cannot be further disaggregated. In a similar vein, robust estimates for areas below local authority level (such as Middle Layer Super Output Area) cannot be produced. Users should note that for the 2005 estimates AEA have implemented some methodological changes to their modelling procedure. These include more sophisticated modelling of domestic and rail consumption in Northern Ireland, and the incorporation of point-source energy data from installations that participate in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme. Whilst methodological changes are made to improve the modelling, the statistics are classed as experimental, and the consumption estimates should be treated as indicative. Users are advised not to directly compare the local authority estimates for 2003, 2004 and 2005. The AEA Energy and Environment report on how the estimates were compiled can be found at the following link: www.berr.gov.uk/files/file42998.pdf The dataset of the 2005 estimates at local authority and government office regional levels can be found at the following link: www.berr.gov.uk/files/file42996.xls Further information on the estimates including a guidance note for data users on how to interpret the BERR local and regional energy data, and access to the 2003 to 2005 modelled datasets is available respectively from the following web links below: www.berr.gov.uk/files/file41626.pdf www.berr.gov.uk/energy/statistics/regional/other/page36195.html Comments or further enquiries regarding this dataset should be addressed to Julian Prime at the email address below. Alternatively mail can be addressed to Julian Prime, BERR, Bay 206-212, 1 Victoria Street, London, SW1H 0ET. Julian Prime Energy Consumption Statistics Tel: 020 7215 6178 Fax: 020 7215 2723 E-mail: Julian.Prime@berr.gsi.gov.uk
December 2007
38
Regional and local total energy consumption statistics for 2005

Introduction
This article provides further details behind the 2005 estimates of total energy consumption that are published on the BERR regional energy consumption statistics website. This work forms part of the BERR regional energy project set up to make available energy consumption data below national level. The project was initiated following the 2003 Energy White Paper, which emphasised the importance of local and regional decision making in energy policy. As part of this project, a number of local and regional datasets have been produced for 2005 (data are also available on the BERR website for 2003 and 2004). Estimates of 2005 consumption for electricity were released in January 2007, gas in March 2007, road transport in June 2007 and remaining fuels in this edition of Energy Trends. This article combines the consumption statistics for these four datasets to give total energy consumption at regional and local level in 2005. Together with the aforementioned regional information, the statistics presented in this article are classed as experimental; however BERR is working towards ensuring that full National Statistics status for the data are gained by March 2008.
Methodology
The individual articles on gas, electricity, road fuel and other fuels all contain a detailed description of the methodology by which the estimates were obtained. In summary, the gas data were obtained from xoserve1 and the independent gas transporters, then mapped to NUTS4 areas using geographical information held on the National Statistics Postcode Directory (NSPD). The electricity statistics were produced by collecting consumption data for all electricity meters within Great Britain from the electricity suppliers and then allocating these to a NUTS4 area using the NSPD and the Postcode Address File (PAF). The road transport fuels figures were produced for BERR by AEA Energy and Environment using information on emissions from the National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (NAEI) combined with traffic flow data produced by the Department for Transport (DfT). The remaining fuels were also modelled by AEA using spatial data produced for the NAEI. When combined, the information from these sources covers the majority of final energy consumption in a locality. However it was recognised that it would not be meaningful to allocate energy consumption locally or regionally for some energy uses, in particular aviation and shipping, and so a decision was made to exclude these uses from the analysis. It was not possible to model non-energy use of petroleum products and natural gas; nor was it practical to allocate heat sold at local and regional level since the source for this information is already heavily modelled, as described in Chapter 1, paragraph 1.35 of the 2007 edition of the Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics (DUKES). Due to limitations of the source data, some estimates at local and regional level are less robust than others. This applies in particular to the non-gas, non-electricity and nonroad transport fuels which are heavily modelled and often based on many different sources of information. Thus the local estimates for these fuels should be treated as indicative, and at present BERR wish them to be classed as experimental. The fuels and sectors which have not been allocated to local or regional level are shown in Table 1. The table also gives the overall quantity of fuel consumed in these sectors together with the percentage of final energy consumption attributable to each. The sources and fuels which have been mapped to regional and local level are shown in Table 2, together with details of where additional information about the source, methodology and commentary can be found.
xoserve was set up in May 2005 following the re-structuring of the gas distribution network to deliver transportation transactional services to gas shippers on behalf of the gas transporters.
39
December 2007
Table 1: Fuels and sectors not included at regional and local level2
Fuel Derived gases Petroleum products Petroleum products Heat sold Consumption sector Industrial Air transport National Navigation All sectors Quantity (ktoe) 280 13,856 1,370 1,309 Percentage of total final energy consumption3 0.16% 8.05% 0.80% 0.76%
Table 2: Sources for further information regarding fuels and sectors modelled at regional and local level
Fuel Electricity Electricity Gas Gas Petroleum Consumption sector Industrial & commercial Domestic Industrial & commercial Domestic Road transport Source of estimates and further information Data from electricity meters: Energy Trends December 2006 Data from gas meters: Energy Trends March 2007 AEA Energy and Environment, NAEI and DfT: Energy Trends June 2007 AEA Energy and Environment, NAEI modelling: Remaining fuels - BERR Regional Energy Consumption Website and this edition of Energy Trends
Petroleum Petroleum Petroleum Manufactured Solid Fuels Manufactured Solid Fuels Coal Coal Renewables and waste
Rail transport Industrial & commercial Domestic Industrial Domestic Industrial & commercial Domestic All sectors
Commercial includes the DUKES categories Commercial, Public Administration, Miscellaneous, and Agriculture
Additional information on how the sub national estimates of energy consumption were compiled is available in the guidance note below for data users: www.berr.gov.uk/files/file41626.pdf There are no local authority gas and electricity data for Northern Ireland as in 2005 these markets were dominated by single suppliers and any data released would be potentially disclosive. To prevent disclosure, the total gas figure for Northern Ireland has been merged with the Great Britain consumption from large industrial users and power stations. Similarly, electricity consumption in Northern Ireland has been combined with the 0.5 per cent of total GB electricity consumption that it was not possible to allocate to a specific local authority. Information for road transport and the remaining fuels have been analysed to include local authorities within Northern Ireland since the majority of these figures are modelled. Individual reconciliations with published UK figures are contained in the relevant Energy Trends articles for the individual fuels; where appropriate adjustments for the treatment of consumption in Northern Ireland are explained, together with other definitional and technical reasons for differences between the aggregated UK figures published in the DUKES, and those obtained for combining local and regional estimates.
2 3
Figures are taken from Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics (DUKES) 2006 Total Final Energy Consumption is taken from DUKES 2006, Table 1.1
December 2007
40

When preparing the regional estimates, the figures were reconciled with 2005 fuel and energy data contained within the 2006 edition of DUKES. Some of these figures were subsequently revised when the 2007 edition was published in July 2007, but the decision was taken not to revise the local and regional figures. Table 3, which follows this article, shows the two local authorities in each region with the highest and lowest energy consumption by fuel source or end use. It gives a summary of the full dataset which breaks down energy consumption by fuel and end use, and shows consumption in GWh and thousand tonnes of oil equivalent (ktoe). The full dataset can be found at: www.berr.gov.uk/energy/statistics/regional/total-final/page36187.html
Data interpretation
As mentioned earlier, different methodologies have been used to produce the estimates for different fuels. Where possible, the electricity and gas estimates are based on real consumption data; where this is the case the figures are good quality. However the road transport and other fuels are heavily modelled and as such could be subject to more variability at local and regional level. Readers are encouraged to familiarise themselves with the methodology sections of the individual articles referred to in Table 2 before attempting to interpret the combined fuel consumption results presented in this article. In each of the local authority rows, the consumption figures are best interpreted as indicative; the rows for many local authorities will underestimate their consumption since it has not been possible to allocate some electricity and gas consumption to individual local authorities. However the total unallocated data appears in the Northern Ireland and Unallocated row towards the foot of the table. For the gas figures there is the additional caveat that their industrial coverage is wider than final consumption, with some energy industry use and transformation use included at NUTS4 level. As mentioned above, the data used in this report are currently classified as experimental and the methodology used in producing them is continually improving. For the gas and electricity data, better matching of post codes has significantly reduced the number of unallocated meters year on year. For the remaining fuels analysis, new data taken from the EU Emissions Trading Scheme and 1 km square gas consumption statistics for the domestic sector have been used to improve the reliability of the 2005 estimates. BERR therefore advises that the total energy estimates for 2005 should not be directly compared to those for 2004 or 2003 and that the consumption estimates, particularly for road transport and residual fuels should be treated as indicative. Hannah Evans Energy Consumption Statistics Tel: 020 7215 2703 Fax : 020 7215 2723 E-mail: Hannah.Evans@berr.gsi.gov.uk Julian Prime Energy Consumption Statistics Tel: 020 7215 6178 Fax : 020 7215 2723 E-mail: Julian.Prime@berr.gsi.gov.uk
41
December 2007
Table 3: Selected 2005 regional and local energy consumption statistics (experimental)
Fuel Consumed (ktoe)
Coal(4) Selected NUTS4 Region Pembrokeshire Cardiff Blaenau Gwent Merthyr Tydfil WALES Falkirk Glasgow City Eilean Siar Orkney Islands SCOTLAND Redcar and Cleveland Stockton-on-Tees Alnwick Teesdale NORTH EAST Ellesmere Port and Neston Manchester Rossendale Barrow-in-Furness NORTH WEST North Lincolnshire Leeds Richmondshire Craven YORKSHIRE AND HUMBER 4.7 1.3 2.4 0.8 237.9 4.9 1.1 2.2 1.3 263.9 181.4 2.8 1.7 1.8 983.5 0.3 4.6 1.6 0.4 126.3 16.2 6.6 4.2 3.8 205.0 Manufactured (5) fuels 0.2 0.1 281.1 3.9 0.8 0.1 0.1 73.6 318.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 327.0 0.2 23.5 422.6 1.2 0.2 0.2 456.5 Petroleum(4) 854.3 177.5 32.0 40.3 3,642.6 1,043.2 315.4 36.4 38.4 5,907.8 129.8 567.7 44.5 46.3 2,382.3 1,052.5 255.3 52.3 27.5 6,640.0 1,501.1 573.9 99.7 82.3 5,702.1 Natural gas 59.2 422.0 76.1 62.6 2,950.2 178.4 587.5 5,240.2 198.1 291.2 22.6 21.6 2,980.5 190.6 462.5 92.8 89.2 7,679.9 182.3 759.6 36.7 47.4 5,990.8 Electricity 91.4 152.3 25.7 22.0 1,510.4 70.0 296.0 13.5 11.9 2,537.2 108.6 111.5 14.1 11.3 1,193.8 61.9 231.0 34.8 42.3 3,120.9 124.0 332.3 19.6 25.1 2,289.8 Renewables & waste 2.1 1.1 1.0 0.5 59.7 266.6 2.3 1.0 0.6 377.3 126.4 59.2 0.8 0.8 217.6 38.1 1.2 0.7 0.4 114.9 12.2 5.1 1.9 1.8 298.4 Total fuel consumption 1,011.9 754.2 137.2 126.3 8,682.0 1,566.9 1,203.2 53.2 52.2 14,400.0 1,062.9 1,032.5 83.6 82.0 8,084.7 1,343.4 954.6 182.1 159.7 17,705.4 2,258.5 1,678.7 162.3 160.6 14,942.6
December 2007
Consuming Sector (ktoe)

Industry & Commercial 834.2 348.4 49.6 41.2 4,201.9 1,320.9 483.5 14.5 22.5 6,511.0 888.1 771.3 22.6 30.6 4,361.8 1,233.8 404.9 76.6 82.8 7,252.5 1,945.3 566.2 39.1 46.8 6,942.3 Domestic 92.1 251.9 68.1 53.9 2,498.6 138.0 443.3 18.6 13.1 4,489.7 116.4 154.6 27.8 20.2 2,250.4 67.0 340.6 66.4 56.2 5,919.4 153.1 620.5 36.4 49.9 4,438.8 Transport 85.7 153.9 19.5 31.2 1,981.4 108.0 276.4 20.0 16.6 3,399.3 58.4 106.5 33.2 31.2 1,472.6 42.6 209.1 39.1 20.7 4,533.5 160.1 492.0 86.8 63.9 3,561.5
42
Table 3 (continued): Selected 2005 regional and local energy consumption statistics (experimental)
Coal Selected NUTS4 Region Leicester Nottingham Melton Oadby and Wigston EAST MIDLANDS Birmingham Coventry South Shropshire Oswestry WEST MIDLANDS 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.2 476.3 8.0 3.6 1.7 1.3 273.9 18.6 32.0 0.1 0.4 122.4 0.2 0.1 2.9 3.6 7.3 0.2 0.3 230.8
(4)

Renewables & waste 1.2 33.7 0.3 0.1 172.7 96.9 63.6 0.7 0.6 296.3 0.1 12.9 0.2 40.8 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.1 243.9 43.1 10.0 0.1 0.2 144.4 Total fuel consumption 618.2 596.1 121.1 99.1 11,389.4 2,031.3 689.7 108.4 88.4 13,047.1 1,220.3 479.3 123.5 101.2 13,501.6 854.4 685.3 261.5 257.1 14,231.2 1,695.5 619.6 106.4 106.3 20,193.4 Industry & Commercial 297.2 282.4 51.0 34.2 4,394.7 882.1 331.1 25.7 25.3 4,818.0 995.8 165.7 19.5 34.1 4,902.1 579.2 311.3 60.8 80.6 5,228.1 1,407.1 390.6 36.1 24.8 7,193.7 Domestic 231.0 219.9 38.8 47.1 3,590.0 780.5 234.9 29.4 29.7 4,341.3 107.6 105.4 77.7 43.8 4,396.3 152.2 199.2 125.1 111.7 5,748.6 154.8 92.5 54.6 46.1 6,799.2 Transport 90.0 93.8 31.2 17.8 3,404.6 368.7 123.8 53.4 33.4 3,887.8 116.9 208.2 26.3 23.2 4,203.3 123.0 174.8 75.6 64.9 3,254.5 133.6 136.5 15.6 35.4 6,200.5
Manufactured fuels(5) 11.5 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.1 21.2 0.1 4.4 0.1 2.0 0.1 14.9
Petroleum
(4)
Natural gas 344.4 310.3 48.1 55.1 4,334.1 1,028.7 313.6 15.1 21.6 5,218.3 330.7 105.5 69.5 34.0 4,869.1 374.8 304.7 125.0 113.2 6,865.8 159.9 393.4 54.8 43.9 7,392.6
Electricity 144.2 136.1 26.0 19.4 2,057.8 428.4 139.7 16.7 17.1 2,344.6 97.5 71.5 24.2 30.8 2,517.0 348.5 153.6 55.3 67.4 3,562.9 74.2 45.5 28.7 20.6 3,590.6
127.7 115.5 46.0 24.4 4,337.1 469.2 168.4 74.1 47.7 4,892.7 773.3 257.4 29.8 35.8 5,947.9 130.3 226.4 80.7 76.5 3,553.7 1,414.6 163.4 22.5 41.3 8,820.2
43
December 2007
Thurrock South Cambridgeshire Castle Point Maldon EAST ENGLAND Westminster Hillingdon Kingston upon Thames Barking and Dagenham LONDON New Forest Tonbridge and Malling Gosport Adur SOUTH EAST
December 2007
Table 3 (continued): Selected 2005 regional and local energy consumption statistics (experimental)
Coal Selected NUTS4 Region Bristol, City of South Gloucestershire Christchurch Isles of Scilly SOUTH WEST Belfast Limavady Carrickfergus Moyle 1.3 2.6 0.1 0.1 115.9 6.3 3.8 1.0 0.7 189.6
(4)

Renewables & waste 1.0 1.1 0.1 0.3 180.7 1.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 26.8 Total fuel consumption 722.0 676.9 86.1 5.7 11,556.1 .. .. .. .. .. Industry & Commercial 294.2 203.1 21.6 4.1 3,957.7 .. .. .. .. .. Domestic 298.9 185.3 39.6 1.1 3,943.9 .. .. .. .. .. Transport 128.9 288.5 24.9 0.4 3,654.5 .. .. .. .. ..
Manufactured fuels(5) 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 5.1 3.7 0.7 0.1 0.1 15.5
Petroleum
(4)
Natural gas 334.2 196.7 35.1 0.0 3,842.3 .. .. .. .. ..
Electricity 179.8 131.0 19.4 1.6 2,344.6 .. .. .. .. ..
205.2 345.1 31.4 3.7 5,067.4 294.4 185.1 42.3 39.3 3,010.1
44
NORTHERN IRELAND
Great Britain Northern Ireland and Unallocated
3,038.8
1,220.8
56,893.8
57,363.9
27,069.6
2,146.4
148,245.4
60,253.5
48,438.5
39,553.4
..
..
..
28,045.9
1,131.0
..
29,176.9
..
..
..
UK
3,228.4
1,236.3
59,903.9
85,409.8
28,200.6
2,146.4
177,422.3
..
..
..
2,904.1 764.3 61,649.6 86,388.9 28,295.3 600.2 180,899.9 .. .. .. (1) As converted from 1,004,697GWh shown in table 4.3 of DUKES 2006 (2) As converted from 329,073GWh shown in table 5.5 of DUKES 2006 (3) Figures from table 1.1 of DUKES 2006 unless otherwise stated (4) Includes coal/petroleum (as appropriate) consumed in autogeneration, heat generation, energy industry use, public administration, commercial, agriculture, miscellaneous (5) Includes only manufactured solid fuels and not derived gases
Energy Consumption as in (3) DUKES
(1)
(2)
Special feature The UK road transport biofuels market
The UK road transport biofuels market

Background
The June 2003 edition of Energy Trends included an article titled Recent Developments in the UK Road Fuels Industry which provided an introduction to biofuels and set out the latest consumption data for the UK. This article examines the UKs progress since then in the use of biofuels for road transport. Using biofuels as a transport fuel can help contribute to reducing carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere and providing fuel security for the future. As part of a wider EU commitment to reduce carbon emissions, the Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) will commence in the UK in 2008 and requires 5 per cent by volume of all fuel sold on forecourts to come from renewable sources by 2010. In March 2007, the EU agreed a new target for biofuels to account for at least 10 per cent of all automotive fuel consumption by energy content by 2020, although this will rely upon the next generation of biofuels from non-food crops becoming viable, sustainability being assured and the fuel quality directive being amended to allow for higher levels of biofuels blending.
Types of biofuel available for road transport use

The earlier article highlighted two main types of biofuel currently commercially available for road transport use Biodiesel and Bioethanol. Whilst these are still the main fuels in terms of current consumption levels in the UK and elsewhere, other types of biofuel have emerged and could be viable in the future as road transport fuels Currently, biofuels are derived by the fermentation from starch or sugar crops (bioethanol) or derived from vegetable or animal oils (biodiesel). They include: Biodiesel - a diesel-quality fuel generally made from oily crops such as rapeseed; Bioethanol - produced by the fermentation of plants rich in sugar/starch; Bio-ETBE (Ethyl-Tertio-Butyl-Ether) is produced from bioethanol. ETBE is used as a petrol additive to increase the octane rating and reduce knocking;
The next generation of biofuels can be made from non-food feedstocks, such as residues from agriculture and forestry, for example straw, grasses and wood. Production relies on technological advances. Two models currently in development are gasification combined with FT synthesis to produce synthetic diesel and the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic material to release sugars from cellulose and hemicellulose for subsequent fermentation to ethanol. Some alternative biofuels are: Biomethanol: methanol produced from biomass; Bio-oil: an oil fuel produced by pyrolysis (molecular decomposition of biomass through the application of heat and in the absence of air); Biogas: a fuel gas produced by the fermentation of organic matter by bacterial populations in the absence of oxygen; Biohydrogen is hydrogen produced from a biomass feedstock.
Currently biodiesel and bioethanol are available as a blended product at some UK filling stations. This tends to be a mix of 95 per cent regular petrol/diesel with 5 per cent biofuel and is labelled as E5 for petrol or B5 for diesel. Current warranties for cars allow for 5% biofuel blend in petrol and diesel. Vehicle manufacturers have introduced 'flex-fuel' models designed to run on a Bioethanol E85 blend (85 per cent bioethanol 15 per cent petrol) or regular fuel, although there is currently little demand for these vehicles in the UK.
45
December 2007
Special feature The UK road transport biofuels market Biofuel consumption in the UK
HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) publish clearance data on the quantity of hydrocarbon oil for which excise duty has been paid and which are effectively UK consumption1. The clearance volumes are reported in litres and have been converted into tonnes for the table below (Table 1). Biodiesel clearances began in 2002 with 2.3 thousand tonnes, gradually growing until 2005 before increasing more sharply in 2006 to 209.5 thousand tonnes. Bioethanol was introduced in 2005 and has increased steadily to 70.1 thousand tonnes in 2006. Consumption has increased further in 2007. In the nine months to September 2007, biodiesel consumption was 209.8 thousand tonnes and is estimated to reach 280 thousand tonnes for 2007 as a whole. Bioethanol consumption during the same period was 79.2 thousand tonnes and is estimated to be 110 thousand tonnes for the whole of 2007. Chart 1 below illustrates the growth of biodiesel and bioethanol in the UK. Although biofuel use is increasing, it still only accounts for around 1 per cent by volume of overall road transport fuel consumption in the UK (Table 1).
Table 1: Consumption of Biodiesel and Bioethanol in the UK

Year Biodiesel Total Derv Biodiesel Bioethanol % share Total Petrol Unit: Thousand tonnes Bioethanol Total % % share biofuel share of road fuel 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.33 0.24 0.39 0.55 0.59 1.00
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007*
2.3 16.2 17.4 27.3 140.4 280.0
16,431 17,378 18,438 19,313 20,188 20,831
0.01 0.09 0.09 0.14 0.70 1.34
0.0 0.0 0.0 62.9 70.1 105.0
20,620 20,172 19,901 18,920 18,206 17,729
Source: HM Customs and Revenue (*includes BERR estimates for 2007 Q4)
Chart 1: Biofuel Consumption in the UK

300
250
Bio-diesel Bio-ethanol
Thousand Tonnes
200
150
100
50
0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007*
Source: HM Customs and Revenue (*includes BERR estimates for 2007 Q4)
Source: HM Revenue & Customs (www.uktradeinfo.com) - Fuel duty paid by sales volume. HMRC provide data in litres which have been converted into tonnes using standard conversion factors of Petrol = 1,358 litres per tonne and Diesel (DERV) =1,200 litres per tonne. December 2007
46
Special feature The UK road transport biofuels market Biofuel production in the UK
Prior to 2005 the UK produced minimal biofuels and consumption was met by imports. But the situation has moved on and although UK biofuel production has been less than other EU countries (Germany and France for example) production is increasing encouraged by the forthcoming RTFO. With sparse information on biofuel production, BERR invited AEA Energy and Environment to conduct a study as an extension of their contract to collect and compile the UKs renewable energy statistics. The study surveyed companies thought to be producing biodiesel or bioethanol in the UK with the objective to obtain an estimate of UK biofuel production in 2006, the feedstocks being used and the markets being served. In 2006 around 1,400 biodiesel facilities were in operation and theoretically capable of producing sufficient biofuels for the UK to be an exporter of such fuels. However, all but about 60 of these facilities were small scale producing less than 5,000 litres each per year and less than 500 tonnes in total. Biodiesel production was estimated to be at least 242 thousand tonnes, equivalent to 1.2 per cent by volume of UK diesel consumption, with about half of this sourced from reprocessed vegetable oil. The study also estimated 2006 biodiesel exports to be 72 thousand tonnes and therefore implied UK supply to be 170 thousand tonnes. The estimated supply is larger than the consumption of 140 thousand tonnes (Table 1) reported by HMRC with the difference probably relating to stocks in storage or product in transit. The study found that there were no operational bioethanol producers and therefore 70 thousand tonnes consumption in 2006 (0.3 per cent of UK petrol consumption) must have been sourced from imports.
The UK compared with other European countries

In 2005 the largest European biofuel producer was Germany2 with 2.2 million tonnes of mainly biodiesel. France was the second largest producer at 546 thousand tonnes followed by Spain (339 thousand tonnes), Sweden (207 thousand tonnes) and Italy (200 thousand tonnes). There are a number of other European countries with either zero production or unavailable data (Chart 2).
Chart 2: European biofuel production in 2005

2,500
2,000 Thousand Tonnes
1,500
1,000
500
0 Czech Republic United Kindgom Germany Denmark France Slovakia Luxembourg Lithuania Sweden Switzerland Austria Ireland Poland Italy Latvia Spain
Source: Eurostat energy statistics database

2
Source: Eurostat energy statistics database - http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
47
December 2007
Special feature The UK road transport biofuels market

Consumption follows a similar pattern to production, with Germany being the largest European biofuels user at 2.2 million tonnes or 4.7 per cent by volume of overall road transport fuel. Sweden had the second highest proportion of biofuel consumption at 3 per cent, but a lower volume of 7.4 thousand tonnes. Consumption in France was 485 thousand tonnes (1.2 per cent) followed by Spain 339 thousand tonnes (1.1 per cent). In contrast, the UKs share of biofuel consumption was 0.2 per cent in 2005.
Chart 3: European biofuel share of road transport fuel in 2005

5 Biofuel % share of road fuel consumption
0 United Kindgom Germany Czech Republic France Slovakia Luxembourg Lithuania Sweden Austria Switzerland Ireland Poland Italy Latvia Spain
Source: Eurostat Energy Statistics database
Biofuel uncertainties and risks

There is a degree of uncertainty about biofuels based on their economic viability, environmental concerns and technical issues. These concerns should diminish as the next generation of biofuels are developed. This is due to the use of lignocellulosic feedstocks which can improve carbon savings and as they do not compete with food crops, reduce the pressure for agricultural land. These biofuels offer the potential to contribute to renewable, low-carbon energy for road transport. However, these technologies are in their infancy and may not be commercially available for a number of years. Charanjit Ransi Strategic Analysis Team Tel: 020 7215 2718 Fax: 020 7215 2723 E-mail: Charanjit.Ransi@berr.gsi.gov.uk Lisa Vine Strategic Analysis Team Tel: 020 7215 6072 Fax: 020 7215 2723 E-mail: Lisa.Vine@berr.gsi.gov.uk
December 2007
48
Special feature Installed capacity of solar photovoltaics
Statistics of the installed capacity of solar photovoltaics

Photovoltaics (PV) is the direct conversion of solar radiation into direct current electricity by the interaction of light with the electrons in a semiconductor device or cell. Statistics for the installed capacity and generation from photovoltaics are given in Chapter 7 of the Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics, 2007 (DUKES). The Governments Photovoltaic Demonstration Programme offering grants for small, medium and large-scale installations, resulted in an increase in installed capacity to 10.9 MW in 2005 and this was reported in Table 7.4 of DUKES. However, at the time when DUKES was published it had been reported that some PV installations had been taken out of use because they used earlier technologies that could no longer be economically maintained. As a review of this area was late in starting, revised and updated data were not available for the 2007 issue of DUKES. To this end, the predicted capacity was reduced by 1 MW in 2006 to allow for this. In reality, large levels of Government support had led to a larger than predicted number of installations - Government funding supported over three quarters of PV installations during 2006 - meaning that the market had a net growth nearly 500 kW more than it had the previous year. In 2006 the annual increase in installed PV capacity was 3,390 kW compared to an increase of 2,713 kW during 2005. This results in a total installed capacity at the end of 2006 of 14.26 MW representing an increase of 31 per cent on the previous year rather than the reported 9 per cent decrease. The major Government support mechanisms were either through the Major Demonstration Programme or the Low Carbon Buildings Programme. Based on these new figures the generation of electricity from photovoltaics during 2006 will be reassessed as part of the 2007 update of the data and published in DUKES 2008. Mike Janes Energy Statistics and Analysis Tel: 020 7215 5186 Fax: 020 7215 2723 E-mail: Mike.Janes@berr.gsi.gov.uk
49
December 2007
Special feature Energy Consumption in the UK
2008 Update of Energy Consumption in the UK

Background
Energy Consumption in the UK brings together statistics from a variety of sources to produce a comprehensive review of energy consumption in the UK since the 1970s. The information is presented in five sections covering firstly overall energy consumption, then energy consumption in the transport, domestic, industrial and service sectors. A hard copy was produced in 2002, and since then the consumption tables have been updated annually without any commentary and released on the internet. The tables and 2002 commentary can be found at: www.berr.gov.uk/energy/statistics/publications/ecuk/page17658.html
Update in 2008
BERR are considering whether to produce updated commentary to accompany the consumption tables in 2008, either as an internet only publication or as a hard copy publication. The views of data users are welcome with regards to how useful they would find such commentary, and the format in which it should be released. In addition, suggestions of additional data sources that could be drawn upon to supplement the data already published or new areas that users would like to see data on are also welcome. Please contact Jennifer Knight using the email address or telephone number below by 29th February 2008 to express your views. Jennifer Knight Energy Consumption Statistics Tel: 020 7215 6490 Fax: 020 7215 2723 E-mail: Jennifer.Knight@berr.gsi.gov.uk
December 2007
50
Special feature Energy Its Impact on the Environment and Society
The future of Energy Its Impact on the Environment and Society

Background
Energy Its Impact on the Environment and Society draws on statistical information from the Digest of UK Energy Statistics and other BERR and Government statistical publications to draw a picture of the key trends in energy statistics. It includes information on emissions and other environmental consequences from energy production and supply, and the social impacts of domestic competition, service quality issues and fuel poverty. Hard copy publications were released in 2002 and 2005. The 2002 edition was over 160 pages, whilst the 2005 edition contained 44 pages together with an additional 250 pages of material available only on the internet. In 2003, 2004 and 2006 some of the material was updated, and released only on the internet. In addition the 2006 update included the production of some additional annex material. All the material can be found at: www.berr.gov.uk/energy/environment/energy-impact/page29982.html
The future
Given the development of new publications such as the annual progress reports on the 2003 Energy White Paper and associated UK Energy Sector Indicators, and the considerable resources required to update Energy Its Impact on the Environment and Society two consultations with users were held during 2007 to determine the demand for updates. Readers of the June 2007 edition of Energy Trends were invited to send in their views on the future of this publication. However, response rates to these consultations were disappointing and as a result BERR have decided not to update this material in the foreseeable future. The vast majority of information previously published in Energy Its Impact on the Environment and Society is still updated elsewhere on the energy section of the BERR website. However if you are having difficulty finding it, please contact Jennifer Knight using the email address or telephone number below for assistance. Jennifer Knight Energy Consumption Statistics Tel: 020 7215 6490 Fax: 020 7215 2723 E-mail: Jennifer.Knight@berr.gsi.gov.uk
51
December 2007
Special feature Recent and forthcoming publications
Recent and forthcoming publications of interest to users of energy statistics

Fuel Poverty
The Governments Fifth Annual Progress Report on the UK Fuel Poverty Strategy was published on 6 December 2007. The report sets out progress made since the last report, highlights key areas for attention during the coming year, and details the fuel poverty figures for 2005. As part of the progress report, annexes have also been produced on methodology, detailed analysis, fuel poverty monitoring, company schemes and case studies. It is available on the BERR energy web site at: www.berr.gov.uk/energy/fuel-poverty/strategy/index.html
December 2007
52
December 2007 55
1 TOTAL ENERGY
TABLE 1.1. Indigenous production of primary fuels
Million tonnes of oil equivalent
Total
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Per cent change 2006 Quarter 3 Quarter 4 2007 Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Per cent change
6
Coal1
20.5 19.4 17.2 14.7 13.3 -9.6 2.7 3.2 2.9 3.2 3.3 +22.0
Petroleum2,3
127.0 116.2 104.5 92.9 84.0 -9.6 18.9 21.1 21.8 21.6 18.9 -0.2
Natural gas4
104.7 104.2 97.9 89.8 81.7 -9.1 16.5 20.2 20.8 18.2 14.7 -10.9
Primary electricity Wind and natural flow hydro5 Nuclear

20.10 20.04 18.16 18.37 17.13 -6.8 4.27 3.28 3.49 3.40 3.89 -8.8 0.52 0.39 0.58 0.67 0.76 +12.7 0.15 0.27 0.29 0.23 0.22r +49.3
272.9 260.3 238.4 216.4 196.8 -9.1 42.5 48.1 49.4 46.6 41.0 -3.6
53
December 2007
1. Includes solid renewable sources (wood, straw and waste), a small amount of renewable primary heat sources (solar, geothermal etc) and an estimate for slurry. 2. Calendar months. 3. Crude oil, offshore and land, plus condensates and petroleum gases derived at onshore treatment plants. 4. Includes colliery methane, landfill gas and sewage gas. Excludes gas flared or re-injected. 5. Includes generation by solar PV. 6. Percentage change from the most recent 3 months compared with the same period last year
December 2007
1 TOTAL ENERGY
TABLE 1.2 Inland energy consumption: primary fuel input basis
Natural Coal1 Petroleum2 Total 5 Unadjusted 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Per cent change 2006 Quarter 3 Quarter 4 2007 Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Per cent change 8
solid fuels. 2. Excludes non-energy use. 3. Includes gas used during production, colliery methane, landfill gas and sewage gas. Excludes gas flared or re-injected and non-energy use of gas. 4. Includes generation by solar PV. Excludes generation from pumped storage stations. 5. Not seasonally adjusted or temperature corrected. 6. Coal, petroleum and natural gas are temperature corrected. 7. For details of temperature correction see BERR energy statistics website at www.berr.gov.uk/files/file19317.pdf. Seasonal and temperature adjustment factors were reassessed in December 2007. 8. Percentage change in the third quarter of 2007 compared with a year earlier. 9. From April 2005 National Grid have changed their methodology for calculating the temperature correction of gas. More information on the methodology used by National Grid can be found at: www.nationalgrid.com/uk/Gas/OperationalInfo/operationaldocuments/Gas+Demand+and+Supply+Forecasting+Methodology
Million tonnes of oil equivalent Natural Primary electricity Wind and natural Net
Primary electricity Wind and natural flow hydro4 0.52 0.39 0.58 0.67 0.76 +12.7 0.15 0.27 0.29 0.23 0.22r +49.3
Net imports 0.72 0.19 0.64 0.72 0.65 -9.7 0.14 0.14 0.10 0.08 0.23 +64.2
gas3 Nuclear 95.4 95.9 98.1 95.7 90.9 -5.0 14.9 25.7 29.8 19.5 15.7 +5.8 20.1 20.0 18.2 18.4 17.1 -6.8 4.3 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.9 -8.8
Total Coal Petroleum gas Nuclear flow hydro imports Seasonally adjusted and temperature corrected 6,7,9 (annualised rates) 237.3r 237.5r 240.2r 239.4r 235.9r -1.5 235.6r 234.4r 229.5r 232.2r 230.7r -2.1 40.2r 42.7r 41.7r 43.0r 46.5 +8.2 47.5r 43.8r 40.9r 42.1r 44.3r -6.6 74.9 100.9r 20.1r 20.0 18.2r 18.4 17.1r -6.8 16.9r 14.1r 13.3 13.9r 15.3r -9.6 0.52r 0.39r 0.58r 0.67r 0.76r +12.7 0.79r 0.86r 0.93r 1.14r 1.19r +50.2 0.72 0.19 0.64 0.72 0.65 -9.7 0.56 0.56 0.38 0.31 0.92 +64.2
229.5 231.4 233.6 234.8 232.1 -1.1 47.7 61.3 64.4 50.9 48.4r +1.6
39.3 41.9 41.0 42.3 45.7 +8.0 9.2 12.4 11.9 8.6 9.1r -1.3
73.5 73.0 75.1 77.0 77.0 19.0 19.5 18.8 19.0 19.3r +1.2
73.9r 100.3r 76.1r 103.0r 77.6r 78.1 +0.7 77.7r 79.6r 77.6r 78.3r 77.4r -0.4 99.1r 92.7r -6.4 92.2r 95.5r 96.5r 96.5r 91.5r -0.7
54
1. Includes solid renewable sources (wood, straw and waste), a small amount of renewable primary heat sources (solar, geothermal, etc.) and net foreign trade and stock changes in other
1 TOTAL ENERGY
Table 1.3a Supply and use of fuels
Thousand tonnes of oil equivalent 2005 per cent change 2005 4th quarter 54,692 34,755 -24,478 -539 +2,743 67,173 -97 67,270 -196 -14,329 -13,535 -273 136 -29 -629 1 4,270 942 47,529 440 8,242 15,010 14,931 5,724 3,181 2006 1st quarter 56,923 38,279 -23,881 -548 +3,033 73,806 +417 73,389 +72 -15,633 -14,534 -328 -63 -10 -698 1 4,012 1,185 52,627 483 10,084 14,297 17,933 6,595 3,236 2006 2nd quarter 49,183 35,112 -25,364 -745 -2,445 55,741 -212 55,953 -189 -12,471 -11,782 -215 203 -1 -680 5 3,771 893 38,630 477 6,897 14,835 8,833 4,376 3,213 2006 3rd quarter 42,454 35,611 -24,318 -593 -2,798 50,355 -588 50,944 -30 -12,604 -11,610 -174 -138 -24 -659 2 3,627 831 33,857 426 6,327 15,645 5,155 3,506 2,799 2006 4th quarter 48,258 40,867 -23,853 -601 -616 64,055 +227 63,828 +72 -14,659 -13,639 -243 -97 2 -682 3,787 960 44,492 458 7,411 15,003 13,643 5,411 2,566 2007 1st quarter 49,338 38,841r -23,169r -478 +2,539r 67,071r -405r 67,476r +549r -14,755r -13,376r -324r -320r -46 -688 2007 2nd quarter 46,578r 33,547r -25,576r -489 -880r 53,180r -23r 53,203r +577r -12,783r -11,337r -213r -466r -47r -712r -8r 3,628r 838r 36,530r 445r 6,765r 15,101r 7,867r 4,048r 2,304r 2007 3rd quarter p 40,814 34,896 -24,290 -501 -395 50,524 -37 50,562 +589 -12,355 -11,098 -172 -362 -44 -667 -2.0 -4.4 -1.2 per cent change 1
2005 SUPPLY Indigenous production Imports Exports Marine bunkers Stock change 2 Primary supply Statistical difference 3 Primary demand 216,440 134,270 -100,521 -2,181 -638 247,370 -75 247,445 -107 -54,235 -50,845 -988 84 -42 -2,455
2006 196,818 149,870 -97,417 -2,486 -2,827 243,958 -155 244,113 -75 -55,367 -51,566 -961 -96 -33 -2,719 8 15,197 3,869 169,606 1,843 30,717 59,780 45,563 19,888 11,814
3rd quarter 46,115 33,797 -22,966 -602 -4,788 51,556 -150 51,706 -37
-9.1 +11.6 -3.1 +14.0 -1.4 -1.3
-3.9 -2.0 -0.1 -15.6 +0.3 -0.7
55
December 2007
Transfers4 TRANSFORMATION Electricity generation Heat generation Petroleum refineries Coke manufacture Blast furnaces Patent fuel manufacture Energy industry use Losses FINAL CONSUMPTION Iron & steel Other industries Transport Domestic Other Final Users Non energy use 1. 2. 3. 4.
11
16,661 3,767 172,667 1,764 31,790 59,062 47,161 20,305 12,583
+2.1 +1.4 -2.8 (-) -21.0 +10.8 -24.1 -8.8 +2.7 -1.8 +4.5 -3.4 +1.2 -3.4 -2.1 -6.1
-12,290 -11,488 -187 -8 -25 -586 4 3,738 787 34,860 404 6,575 15,334 5,538 3,676 3,332
3,773r 1,128r 48,368r 470r 8,981r 14,389r 15,957r 5,914r 2,657r
-11
3,465 787 34,548 447 6,805 15,391 5,842 3,722 2,341
(+) +85.5 +1.1 (+)

-4.5 -5.3 +2.0 +5.0 +7.6 -1.6 +13.3 +6.2 -16.4
Percentage change between the most recent quarter and the same quarter a year earlier. Stock fall (+), stock rise (-). Primary supply minus primary demand. Annual transfers should ideally be zero. For manufactured fuels differences occur occur in the rescreening of coke to breeze. For oil and petroleum products differences arise due to small variations in the calorific values used.
1 TOTAL ENERGY
Table 1.3b Supply and use of fuels
2006 Quarter 3 Manufactured 4 fuels Manufactured 4 fuels Rennewables 6 & waste
5
Rennewables 6 & waste
Natural gas
Natural gas
Primary oil
Primary oil
Petroleum Products
Petroleum Products
Electricity
Electricity
269 -40 229 +65 164 +224 7,392 7,392 552 574 6,655 124 2,302 178 2,029 2,021 -
Primary electricity
Primary electricity
Heat sold
SUPPLY Indigenous production Imports Exports Marine bunkers Stock change1 Primary supply Statistical difference2 Primary demand
2,227 8,106 -61 -1,738 8,533 -37 8,570 -8,182 -6,775 -57 -1,096 -204 -51 388 286 98 4 -
165 -24 -77 64 +2 62 -26 477 -242 -13 1,072 -393 53 217 57 239 140 51 47 -
18,926 16,820 -12,402 +992 24,335 +50 24,285 -690 -23,595 -23,595 -
6,825 -8,192 -593 -719 -2,680 -544 -2,136 +687 23,212 -167 -15 23,457 -62 1,305 20,459 2 1,692 15,468 498 209 2,590
16,067 3,424 -3,584 -1,256 14,652 -55 14,706 -1 -7,235 -6,882 -353 1,526 199 5,746 159 1,729 2,472 1,177 209
823 77 900 900 -823 -823 77 30 28 19 -
4,412 4,412 4,412 -145 -4,267 -4,267 -
195 -56 140 -5 144 +145 7,545 7,545 561 574 6,699 124 2,329 177 2,007 2,061 -
263 263 18 250 209 5 36 -
2,822 6,268 -187 -559 8,345 -100 8,444 -8,000 -6,598 -54 -1,072 -222 -55 443 258 173 11 -
224 -68 -59 98 -7 105 -30 437 -231 -13 1,027 -391 44 217 34 260 164 58 38 -
18,865 17,635 -13,520 +756 23,736 +98 23,638 -418 -23,220 -23,220 -
5,927 -7,789 -501 +41 -2,322 -173 -2,150 +1,037 22,624 -166 -16 22,859 -54 1,333 20,179 1 1,938 15,213 507 388 2,132
14,272 4,495 -2,686 -573 15,508 +79 15,429 -7,220 -6,866 -353 1,352 179 6,678 158 2,004 3,062 1,244 209
737 77 814 814 -737 -737 77 30 28 19 -
4,117 4,117 4,117 -224 -3,893 -3,893 -
Transfers3 TRANSFORMATION Electricity generation Heat generation Petroleum refineries Coke manufacture Blast furnaces Patent fuel manufacture Energy industry use Losses FINAL CONSUMPTION Iron & steel Other industries Transport Domestic Other final users Non energy use
263 263 9 256 213 5 38 -
1. Stock fall (+), stock rise (-). 2. Primary supply minus primary demand. 3. Annual transfers should ideally be zero. For manufactured fuels differences occur in the rescreening of coke to breeze. For oil and petroleum products differences arise due to small variations in the calorific values used. 4. Includes all manufactored solid fuels, benzole, tars, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas. 5. Inludes colliery methane. 6. Includes geothermal and solar heat. Latest quarter is estimated from the previous year and adjusted according to average annual rate of change over the last three years.
Heat sold
-
Coal
Coal
December 2007
Thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
2007 Quarter 3 p
56
2 SOLID FUEL AND DERIVED GASES

Table 2.1 Supply and consumption of coal
per cent change 1 -9.6 -1.2 -17.3 -8 +14.8 -17.3 +8.8 +9.0 +9.6 +10.1 +6.5 +7.9 +4 -6.5 -4.4 -10.9 -36 +10.5 +14.1 -0.4 -25.6 +8.0 2005 3rd quarter 4,781 2,132 2,521 128 10,962 117 -4,313 11,314 -91 11,405 10,785 8,877 91 1,481 268 68 1 619 454 146 18 16,363 14,201 1,706 938 17,301 2005 4th quarter 5,722 3,199 2,412 111 11,918 113 +1,382 18,908 60 18,848 18,193 16,272 123 1,490 243 66 1 654 500 150 4 14,819 12,696 1,604 1,101 15,920 2006 1st quarter 5,561 3,078 2,371 112 12,678 96 +3,329 21,472 +60 21,474 20,881 18,942 137 1,462 263 78 1 591 415 169 7 11,626 9,260 1,902 964 12,590 2006 2nd quarter 4,954 2,541 2,296 117 11,937 113 -2,613 14,165 -53 14,218 13,626 11,687 103 1,478 284 73 592 463 124 5 14,276 12,120 1,757 928 15,203 2006 3rd quarter 3,625 1,633 1,875 117 12,540 80 -2,759 13,326 -46 13,372 12,807 10,859 90 1,506 280 72 565 430 129 6 17,064 15,198 1,525 898 17,962 2006 4th quarter 4,388 2,192 2,094 102 13,302 155 +769 18,304 -20 18,324 17,784 15,835 119 1,482 294 53 538 405 126 7 16,374 14,489 1,597 819 17,194 2007 1st quarter 4,008 1,784 2,102 123 12,053r 105r +1,632r 17,588r -31r 17,619r 16,929r 14,940r 137r 1,504 290 58r 688r 391r 281r 16r 15,170r 13,235r 1,679 752 15,922r Thousand tonnes 2007 2007 per cent 2nd 3rd quarter quarter p change 2 4,408 2,039 2,240 128 10,077r 101 -1,913r 12,471r 19r 12,452r 11,906r 9,917 103r 1,497 320 68r 545r 358r 174r 14r 16,879r 14,869r 1,504 955 17,835r 4,596 2,210 2,258 128 9,696 242 -912 13,138 23 13,115 12,515 10,572 90 1,472 305 75 599 355 228 16 17,924 15,715 1,807 823 18,747 +26.8 +35.3 +20.4 +9 -22.7 (+) -1.4 -1.9 -2.3 -2.6 -2.2 +8.9 +4 +6.0 -17.5 +77 (+) +5.0 +3.4 +18.5 -8.4 +4.4
2005 SUPPLY Indigenous production Deepmined Opencast Other sources Imports Exports Stock change3 Total supply Statistical difference Total demand TRANSFORMATION Electricity generation Heat generation Coke manufacture Blast furnaces Patent fuel manufacture Energy industry use FINAL CONSUMPTION Iron & steel Other industries Domestic Other final users Stocks at end of period Distributed stocks Of which: Major power producers Coke ovens Undistributed stocks Total stocks 20,498 9,563 10,445 490 43,968 536 -2,129 61,802 -29 61,831 59,380 52,061 450 5,564 1,039 266 6 2,445 1,792 614 39 14,819 12,696 1,604 1,101 15,920
2006 18,528 9,444 8,635 449 50,456 443 -1,274 67,267 -121 67,388 65,098 57,323 450 5,929 1,121 276 3 2,287 1,714 547 25 16,374 14,489 1,597 819 17,194
57
December 2007
1. Percentage change in 2006 compared with a year earlier. 2. Percentage change in the third quarter of 2007 compared with a year earlier. 3. Stock fall (+), stock rise (-).
December 2007

Table 2.2 Supply and consumption of coke oven coke, coke breeze and other manufactured solid fuels
Thousand tonnes
per cent change 1 +6.9 +6.8 +15 +1 +10 +35 2005 3rd quarter 1,213 1,078 67 68 267 29 -187 +5.6 1,264 -4 +5.7 +10.0 +10.0 1,267 982 982 -8.9 -11 -1 -4 +25 286 206 18 61 864 2005 4th quarter 1,212 1,086 64 62 169 29 +10 1,361 3 1,358 1,058 1,058 299 203 22 74 855 2006 1st quarter 1,222 1,087 63 72 207 43 +68 1,455 -21 1,475 1,183 1,183 292 182 20 91 786 2006 2nd quarter 1,248 1,098 78 72 229 71 -17 1,389 -4 1,393 1,116 1,116 278 190 19 68 803 2006 3rd quarter 1,236 1,090 78 68 244 34 -115 1,330 1,330 1,086 1,086 244 171 13 59 918 2006 4th quarter 1,236 1,109 79 48 324 32 -151 1,376 15r 1,361 1,089 1,089 273 184 28 61 1,069 2007 1st quarter 1,186 1,127 7 52 210 36 38r 1,398r -9r 1,407r 1,126 1,126 281r 180 28 73r 1,006 2007 2007 2nd 3rd quarter quarter p 1,181 1,122 5 54 318 45 -48r 1,406r -8r 1,415 1,157 1,157 258 170 20 68 1,031 1,164 1,102 5 57 331 107 -82 1,306 -9 1,314 1,074 1,074 240 167 23 50 1,069 -1.2 -1.1 -1.1 #DIV/0! -1 -2 +73 -15 +16 -1.9 per cent change 2 -5.8 +1.1 (-) -17 +36 (+)
2005 SUPPLY Indigenous production Coke oven coke Coke breeze Other MSF Imports Exports Stock change 3 Transfers Total supply Statistical difference Total demand TRANSFORMATION Coke manufacture Blast furnaces Energy industry use FINAL CONSUMPTION Iron & steel Other industries Domestic Stocks at end of period 4,622 4,105 259 258 915 134 -147 5,256 -4 5,259r 4,067 4,067 1,192 821 81 290 855
2006 4,942 4,384 298 260 1,004 180 -215 5,551 -10 5,560 4,474 4,474 1,086 727 80 279 1,069
58

Table 2.3 Supply and consumption of coke oven gas, blast furnace gas, benzole and tars
GWh
per cent change 1 2005 3rd quarter 2005 4th quarter 2006 1st quarter 2006 2nd quarter 2006 3rd quarter 2006 4th quarter 2007 1st quarter 2007 2007 2nd 3rd quarter quarter p per cent change 2
2005 SUPPLY Indigenous production Coke oven gas Blast furnace gas Benzole & tars Transfers Total supply Statistical difference Total demand TRANSFORMATION Electricity generation Heat generation Energy industry use Losses FINAL CONSUMPTION Iron & steel Other industries 27,238 9,290 16,199 1,749 +51 27,289 -38 27,327 12,115 11,517 598 9,537 2,456 3,219 1,234 1,985
2006
28,144 9,828 16,443 1,873 +53 28,197 -43 28,240 11,839 11,241 598 10,131 2,061 4,209 2,141 2,068
+3.3 +5.8 +1.5 +7.1 +4 +3.3
6,799 2,436 3,890r 473 +15 6,814 -11
7,070 2,451 4,179 440 +5 7,075 -7 7,082 3,068 2,919 149 2,469 567 977 475 503
7,175 2,412 4,289 474 +23 7,198 -19 7,217 2,929 2,779 149 2,625 494 1,169 664 506
7,011 2,455 4,078 479 +15 7,026 -11 7,037 2,933 2,784 149 2,486 522 1,096 561 535
7,096 2,509 4,125 462 +7 7,102 -3 7,106 2,979 2,830 149 2,529 666 932 421 511
6,862 2,453 3,951 459 +8 6,870 -9 6,880 2,998 2,848 149 2,491 379 1,011 495 516
7,131 2,434 4,220 476 +27 7,157 -25r 7,183r 2,857r 2,708r 149 2,599 424 1,302r 768r 534
7,314 2,441 4,420 453 +17 7,331 -24 7,355 2,825r 2,676r 149 2,656 572 1,301r 796r 505
6,992 2,409 4,116 466 +18 7,010 -14 7,023 2,834 2,684 149 2,524 399 1,267 749 518
-1.5 -4.0 -0.2 +1 (+) -1.3
59
December 2007
+3.3 -2.3 -2.4 +6.2 -16.1 +30.8 +73.6 +4.2
6,825 3,136 2,987 149 2,383 564 742 209 533
-1.2 -4.9 -5.1 -0.2 -40 +36 +78 +1.4
1. Percentage change in 2006 compared with a year earlier. 2. Percentage change in the third quarter of 2007 compared with a year earlier.
December 2007
3 OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS

Table 3.1 Supply and use of crude oil, natural gas liquids and feedstocks1
2005 2005 4th quarter 2006 1st quarter 2006 2nd quarter 2006 3rd quarter 2006 4th quarter 2007 1st quarter 2007
Thousand tonnes
2007
per cent change

2005 SUPPLY Indigenous production2 Crude oil NGLs3 Imports
4
2006
3rd quarter
2nd 3rd quarter quarter p
per cent change 8
84,721 77,179 7,543 58,885 52,211 6,675 54,098 52,106 1,992 -385 -3,054 86,070
76,578 69,665 6,913 59,443 51,446 7,997 50,195 47,551 2,643 -354 -2,341 83,131 -82 83,213 83,213 83,213 -
-9.6 -9.7 -8.3 +0.9 -1.5 +19.8 -7.2 -8.7 +32.7
19,308 17,663 1,645 15,552 13,656 1,896 11,404 10,900 504 -235 -584 22,636 -98 22,734 22,734 22,734 -
20,710 18,899 1,811 13,843 12,190 1,653 12,801 12,128 673 +556 -965 21,342 -111 21,453 21,453 21,453 -
20,878 19,028 1,850 14,158 12,386 1,772 13,836 13,260 576 -597 -577 20,025 -87 20,113 20,113 20,113 -
19,151 17,390 1,761 15,490 13,337 2,153 13,094 12,271 824 +14 -649 20,911 -71 20,982 20,982 20,982 -
17,266 15,763 1,503 15,414 13,657 1,757 11,351 10,771 580 +911 -572 21,669 +55 21,614 21,614 21,614 -
19,282 17,484 1,798 14,381 12,067 2,314 11,914 11,250 664 -681 -543 20,526 +22 20,504 20,504 20,504 -
19,912r 18,111r 1,801 12,827r 11,304 1,523r 12,206r 11,461 745r -816r -562r 19,154r -63r 19,218r 19,218r 19,218r -
19,701r 18,075r 1,626 13,573 11,440 2,133 12,532r 11,867r 665 +885r -376r 21,251r +9r 21,242 21,242 21,242 -
17,230 16,026 1,204 16,159 13,974 2,186 12,376 11,636 740 +691 -337 21,368 +96 21,272 21,272 21,272 -
-0.2 +1.7 -19.9 +4.8 +2.3 +24.4 +9.0 +8.0 +27.7
Crude oil & NGLs Feedstocks Exports4 Crude Oil & NGLs Feedstocks Stock change5 Transfers6 Total supply Statistical difference Total demand TRANSFORMATION Petroleum refineries Energy industry use
7
60
-3.4 -3.4 -3.4 -3.4
-1.4 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6
-66 86,135 86,135 86,135 -
1. As there is no use made of primary oils and feedstocks by industries other than the oil and gas extraction and petroleum refining industries, other industry headings have not been included in this table. As such, this table is a summary of the activity of what is known as the Upstream oil industry. 2. Includes offshore and onshore production. 3. Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs) are condensate and petroleum gases derived at onshore treatment plants. 4. Foreign trade as recorded by the Petroleum Industry which may differ from the figures published by HM Revenue and Customs in the Overseas Trade Statistics. Data are subject to further revision as revised information on imports and exports becomes available. 5. Stock fall (+), stock rise (-). Stocks include stocks held at refineries, at oil terminals and also those held in tanks and partially loaded vessels at offshore facilities. 6. Mostly direct disposals to petrochemical plants. 7. Total supply minus total demand. 8. Percentage change between the most recent quarter and the same quarter a year earlier.

Table 3.2 Supply and use of petroleum products
per cent change -3.7 +19.2 -2.4 +14.3
2005
SUPPLY Indigenous production2 Imports3 Exports3 Marine bunkers Stock change4 Transfers5 Total supply Statistical difference6 Total demand TRANSFORMATION Electricity generation Heat generation Blast furnaces Energy industry use Petrolem Refineries Blast Furnaces Others FINAL CONSUMPTION Iron & steel Other industries Transport Domestic Other final users Non energy use
2006
86,103 26,828 29,009 2,348 -840 -683 80,051 +60 79,990 931 642 59 230 4,728 4,728 74,331 19 6,534 53,457 2,926 1,399 9,995
2005 3rd quarter

23,395 5,656 7,456 566 -498 -145 20,386 -97 20,482 289 229 15 45 1,412 1,412 18,782 2 1,405 13,661 423 456 2,835
2005 4th quarter

22,351 5,798 7,879 490 +710 -32 20,459 -128 20,587 215 127 15 73 1,397 1,397 18,975 5 1,725 13,367 884 295 2,699
2006 1st quarter

20,855 6,868 6,599 515 +313 -170 20,752 +264 20,488 242 167 15 60 1,105 1,105 19,141 11 2,075 12,784 953 583 2,736
2006 2nd quarter

21,891 6,402 7,215 702 -216 -250 19,910 +56 19,854 212 144 15 53 1,238 1,238 18,404 2 1,366 13,262 673 359 2,742
2006 3rd quarter

22,160 6,249 7,561 561 -665 -119 19,504 -494 19,998 229 155 14 60 1,231 1,231 18,538 2 1,531 14,002 450 189 2,364
2006 4th quarter

21,196 7,309 7,634 569 -272 -144 19,885 +235 19,650 248 176 15 57 1,154 1,154 18,248 5 1,563 13,409 851 268 2,154
2007 1st quarter

19,980r 6,101r 7,018r 455 +997r -2 19,603r -56r 19,659r 231r 161r 15 55 1,132r 1,132r 18,297r 1r 1,781r 12,860r 929r 505r 2,221r
Thousand tonnes 2007 2007 per cent 2nd 3rd quarter quarter p change 1
21,695r 5,681r 7,585 465 -39r +8 19,296r -43r 19,339r 210r 142r 15 53r 1,176r 1,176r 17,953r -6r 1,706r 13,508r 511r 330r 1,903r 21,669 5,407 7,160 476 +0 +156 19,596 -167 19,763 221 154 15 52 1,237 1,237 18,304 -2.2 -13.5 -5.3 -15.1
89,389 22,510 29,722 2,055 +1,046 -333 80,837 -140 80,977 980 650 61 269 5,602 5,602 74,395 14 6,557 52,760 2,782 1,603 10,678
-1.0 -1.2 -5.0 -1.2 -4.0 -15.6 -15.6
+0.5 -1.2 -3.5 -0.4 +3.4 -13.6 +0.5 +0.5
61
December 2007
-0.1 +33.7 -0.4 +1.3 +5.2 -12.7 -6.4
1
1,764 13,782 457 367 1,934
-1.3 (-) +15.2 -1.6 +1.7 +94.3 -18.2
1. Percentage change between the most recent quarter and the same quarter a year earlier. 2. Includes refinery production and petroleum gases extracted as products during the production of oil and gas. 3. Foreign trade as recorded by the Petroleum Industry which may differ from the figures published by HM Revenue and Customs in the Overseas Trade Statistics. Data are subject for further revision as revised information on imports and exports becomes available. 4. Stock fall (+), stock rise (-). 5. Mainly transfers from product to feedstock. 6. Total supply minus total demand.

Table 3.3 Supply and use of petroleum products - annual data
Thousand tonnes
2005
Motor spirit Motor spirit Aviation turbine fuel Burning oil Gas diesel Gas diesel Total Petroleum Products Petroleum Total Petroleum Products products3 Fuel oils gases2
Aviation turbine fuel
Burning oil
Petroleum
SUPPLY Indigenous production4 Imports5 Exports5 Marine bunkers Stock change6 Transfers 7 Total supply Statistical difference 8 Total demand TRANSFORMATION Electricity generation Heat generation Petroleum refineries Coke manufacture Blast furnaces Patent fuel manufacture Energy industry use FINAL CONSUMPTION Iron & steel Other industries Transport Domestic Other final users Non energy use
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
89,389 22,510 29,722 2,055 +1,046 -333 80,837 -140 80,977 980 650 61 269 5,602 74,395 14 6,557r 52,760r 2,782 1,603 10,678
22,620 2,377 6,586 +366 -4 18,772 +42 18,731 18,731 18,731 -
28,691 4,921 6,314 889 +284 -262 26,431 -8 26,438 75 66 9 206 26,158 3,433r 20,992r 141 1,363 229
5,167 9,083 1,397 +96 -343 12,606 +109 12,497 12,497 12,497 -
11,728 1,528 8,452 1,166 +136 -92 3,681 +143 3,538 723 402 52 269 1,573 1,242 14 772 355 101 -
8,218 920 1,298 +22 -6 7,855 -331 8,186 182 182 2,612 5,392 863 120 298 115 3,996
3,325 407 282 +24 +333 3,807 -63 3,870 3,869 1,490 12 2,344 24 -
9,640 3,275 5,392 +119 +42 7,684 -32 7,717 1,211 6,506 52 6,454
86,103 26,828 29,009 2,348 -840 -683 80,051 +60 79,990 931 642 59 230 4,728 74,331 19 6,534 53,457 2,926 1,399 9,995
21,443 3,790 6,997 -29 +15 18,223 +79 18,144 18,144 18,144 -
26,080 8,063 5,819 1,035 -283 -205 26,800 +47 26,753 90 84 6 42 26,620 3,050 21,985 171 1,156 259
6,261 7,983 995 -256 -404 12,589 -52 12,641 12,641 12,641 -
12,277 1,332 8,368 1,313 -140 -573 3,216 +68 3,148 686 403 53 230 997 1,465 19 828 504 114 -
7,841 832 1,159 -42 -26 7,446 -80 7,526 155 155 2,330 5,040 1,116 126 315 105 3,378
3,374 670 314 -107 +403 4,027 +10 4,017 4,016 1,540 12 2,440 24 -
8,827 4,157 5,357 +16 +108 7,750 -13 7,763 1,358 6,404 46 6,359
Includes DERV road fuel and middle distillate feedstock destined for use in the petrochemical industry. Includes ethane, propane, butane and other petroleum gases. Includes naphtha, industrial and white spirits, lubricants, bitumen, petroleum waxes, petroleum coke and other oil products. Includes refinery production and petroleum gases extracted as products during the production of oil and gas. Foreign trade as recorded by the Petroleum Industry which may differ from the figures published by HM Revenue and Customs in the Overseas Trade Statistics. Data are subject to further revision as revised information on imports and exports becomes available. Stock fall (+), stock rise (-). Mainly transfers from product to feedstock. Total supply minus total demand. See page 11 of September 2006 Energy Trends for a note concerning changes to this table.
products3
Fuel oils
gases2
Other
Other
oil1,9
oil1,9
December 2007
2006
62

Table 3.4 Supply and use of petroleum products - latest quarter
Thousand tonnes
2006 3rd quarter

Motor spirit Motor spirit Aviation turbine fuel Burning oil Gas diesel Oil1,9 Gas diesel Oil1,9 Total Petroleum Products Petroleum gases2 Total Petroleum Products Other products3 Fuel oils
2007 3rd quarter p

Aviation turbine fuel Burning oil Petroleum gases2 Other products3 Fuel oils
SUPPLY Indigenous Production 4 Imports 5 Exports5 Marine bunkers Stock change 6 Transfers7 Total supply Statistical difference 8 Total demand TRANSFORMATION Electricity generation Heat generation Petroleum refineries Coke manufacture Blast furnaces Patent fuel manufacture Energy industry use FINAL CONSUMPTION Iron & steel Other industries Transport Domestic
Other final users
Non energy use 1. Includes DERV road fuel and middle distillate feedstock destined for use in the petrochemical industry. 2. Includes ethane, propane, butane and other petroleum gases. 3. Includes naphtha, industrial and white spirits, lubricants, bitumen, petroleum waxes, petroleum coke and other oil products. 4. Includes refinery production and petroleum gases extracted as products during the production of oil and gas. 5. Foreign trade as recorded by the Petroleum Industry which may differ from the figures published by HM Revenue and Customs in the Overseas Trade Statistics. Data are subject to further revision as revised information on imports and exports becomes available. 6. Stock fall (+), stock rise (-). 7. Mainly transfers from product to feedstock. 8. Total supply minus total demand. 9. See page 11 of September 2006 Energy Trends for a note concerning changes to this table.
22,160 6,249 7,561 561 -665 -119 19,504 -494 19,998 229 155 14 60 1,231 18,538 2 1,531 14,002 450 189 2,364
5,513 948 1,757 -154 +13 4,563 -92 4,654 4,654 4,654 -
6,917 1,807 1,395 231 -214 -16 6,868 -47 6,915 22 21 1 6,893 986 5,608 55 174 69
1,978 1,793 261 +21 -53 3,477 -118 3,595 3,595 3,595 -
3,071 337 2,294 330 -202 -138 443 -109 552 168 95 13 60 216 168 2 78 102 -13 -
1,972 221 357 -64 -13 1,759 -123 1,882 39 39 660 1,183 269 32 35 22 825
427 69 50 +72 +52 569 +3 566 566 198 3 360 6 -
2,283 1,075 1,446 -123 +36 1,825 -9 1,833 355 1,478 8 1,470
21,669 5,407 7,160 476 + +156 19,596 -167 19,763 221 154 15 52 1,237 18,304 1 1,764 13,782 457 367 1,934
5,654 596 1,933 +18 +34 4,369 -29 4,398 4,398 4,398 -
6,980 1,917 1,515 146 +2 -79 7,159 +62 7,097 9 7 2 3 7,085 1,216 5,710 63 97 -
1,916 1,939 320 +32 -66 3,500 +53 3,448 3,448 3,448 -
2,654 264 1,810 330 -68 +66 775 -41 817 174 108 13 52 99 544 1 109 186 248 1
1,761 215 340 +9 1,645 +48 1,597 39 39 534 1,024 194 31 41 22 737
420 43 31 +83 +88 603 +13 590 589 236 354 -
2,285 432 1,211 -74 +113 1,545 -272 1,817 602 1,215 10 9 1,196
63
December 2007
December 2007

Table 3.5 Demand for key petroleum products
2005
1
Thousand tonnes
2005 4th quarter
2006 1st quarter
2006 2nd quarter
2006 3rd quarter
2006 4th quarter
2007 1st quarter
2007 2nd quarter
2007 3rd quarter p
per cent change

2005
MOTOR SPIRIT
2006 18,144 17,442 7,067 10,375 702 20 761 17,362 26,711 20,146 11,453 3,917 7,536 8,693 6,565 12,686 46 12,641
2,151 290 879 983
3rd quarter
per cent change 2
Total sales By seller: 3 Retail sales: 4 hypermarkets refiners/other traders Commercial sales 5 By grade: 6 4-Star/Leaded/LRP Super Premium Unleaded 7 Premium Unleaded/ULSP GAS DIESEL OIL Total sales DERV fuel Retail sales:
3 4
18,731 17,903 6,710 11,193 828 26 940 17,765 26,233 19,436 10,679 3,091 7,588 8,757 6,797 12,549 52 12,497
1,965 124 881 960
-3.1 -2.6 +5.3 -7.3 -15.2 -22.4 -19.0 -2.3 +1.8 +3.7 +7.2 +26.7 -0.7 -0.7 -3.4
+1.1 -12.3 +1.1 +9.5 (+) -0.2 +2.4
4,740 4,551 1,754 2,796 190 7 257 4,477 6,630 4,842 2,689 815 1,874 2,153 1,788 3,598 18 3,580
421 24 190 207
4,781 4,559 1,730 2,829 222 7 231 4,543 6,704 4,980 2,732 795 1,936 2,249 1,724 2,988 9 2,979
503 32 225 246
4,419 4,255 1,699 2,556 165 5 199 4,215 6,786 5,007 2,691 927 1,764 2,316 1,780 2,651 12 2,640
889 122 430 337
4,338 4,169 1,736 2,433 169 6 210 4,122 6,375 4,993 2,769 956 1,813 2,225 1,381 3,332 16 3,316
536 85 266 185
4,654 4,457 1,823 2,634 197 4 196 4,453 6,915 5,084 2,887 984 1,903 2,197 1,831 3,603 8 3,595
337 29 102 205
4,732 4,561 1,808 2,752 172 4 156 4,572 6,634 5,061 3,106 1,051 2,055 1,956 1,573 3,100 11 3,089
389 54 80 255
4,394r 4,256r 1,644 2,612r 138r 4 150r 4,240r 6,738r 5,143r 2,916r 1,032 1,884r 2,228r 1,594r 2,876r 5 2,871r
644r 218r 35 391r
4,563r 4,339r 1,682 2,657r 224r 4 228r 4,331r 6,811r 5,326r 3,019r 1,062 1,957r 2,307r 1,485r 3,113r 9 3,104r
747r 240r 43r 463r
4,399 4,132 1,773 2,358 267 4 225 4,170 7,094 5,482 3,095 1,144 1,951 2,388 1,612 3,456 9 3,448
718 291 98 329
-5.5 -7.3 -2.7 -10.5 +35.7 -6.2 +14.9 -6.4 +2.6 +7.8 +7.2 +16.2 +2.5 +8.7 -12.0
-4.1 +7.6 -4.1 (+) (+) -4.0 +60.1
64
hypermarkets
refiners/other traders Commercial sales Other gas diesel oil AVIATION FUELS Total sales Aviation spirit Aviation turbine fuel FUEL OIL Total Sales Light Medium Heavy 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
8 5
Monthly data for inland deliveries of oil products are available - See BERR web-site. www.berr.gov.uk/energy/statistics/source/oil/page18470.html. Percentage change between the most recent quarter and the same quarter a year earlier. Retail sales are those deliveries made to garages etc. mainly for resale to final consumers. Data for sales by hypermarket companies are collected by a separate reporting system, but are consistent with the main data collected from companies. Commercial sales are those deliveries made direct to a consumer for use in their own business, e.g. to bus and coach depots. Sales of leaded petrol ceased from 31st December 1999, with Lead Replacement Petrol being introduced as a replacement fuel. ULSP is Ultra Low Sulphur Petrol introduced during the second half of 2000 and first half of 2001 as a replacement for ordinary Premium grade unleaded petrol. This includes gas diesel oil used for other purposes such as heating and middle distillate feedstock destined for use in the petrochemical industry.

Table 3.6 Stocks of petroleum1 at end of period
Thousand tonnes
Crude oil and refinery process oil Light Refineries2 Terminals3 2003 2004 2005 2006 Per cent change 2005 2006 3rd quarter 4th quarter 1st quarter 2nd quarter 3rd quarter 4th quarter 2007 1st quarter 2nd quarter 3rd quarter p Per cent change 11 4,670 4,440 4,875 4,720 -2.9 4,671 4,875 5,234 5,065 4,626 4,720 5,163 5,061 4,879 +5.5 1,509 1,261 1,129 1,635 +40.3 1,875 1,129 1,564 1,518 1,211 1,635 2,005 1,459 644 -46.8 Offshore4 741 736 798 764 -3.8 773 798 620 772 642 764 786 719 837 +30.4 Total5 7,140 6,648 7,067 7,414 +4.4 7,619 7,067 7,699 7,563 6,480 7,414 8,169 7,538 6,757 +4.3 distillates6 1,490 1,504 1,051 1,091 +3.4 909 1,051 884 920 1,101 1,091 1,091 883 1,002 -9.0 Petroleum products Kerosene & gas/diesel7 3,640 3,790 3,911 4,398 +11.2 4,295 3,911 3,789 4,082 4,426 4,398 4,305 4,292 4,766 +7.7 Fuel oils 1,237 987 1,057 1,264 +17.6 1,236 1,057 1,069 1,215 1,411 1,264 1,186 1,095 1,113 -21.1 Other products8 2,166 1,693 1,548 1,559 +0.6 1,654 1,548 1,390 1,320 1,506 1,559 1,433 1,391 1,460 -3.0 Total products 8,533 7,974 7,567 8,312 +8.9 8,094 7,567 7,132 7,538 8,443 8,312 8,015 7,660 8,340 -1.2 Net bilaterals9 1,610 1,545 1,587 1,526 -3.5 1,440 1,587 1,493 1,629 1,661 1,526 1,411 1,102 1,653 -0.5 Total stocks Stocks in UK10 14,063 13,078 13,047 14,200 +8.0 14,274 13,047 13,337 13,473 13,262 14,200 14,774 14,096 13,444 +1.4 Total stocks 15,673 14,623 14,634 15,726 +6.7 15,713 14,634 14,831 15,101 14,923 15,726 16,184 15,199 15,097 +1.2
65
December 2007
1. Stocks held at refineries, terminals and power stations. Stocks in the wholesale distribution system and certain stocks at offshore fields (UK Continental Shelf [UKCS]), and others held under approved bilateral agreements are also included. 2. Stocks of crude oil, NGLs and process oil at UK refineries. 3. Stocks of crude oil and NGLs at UKCS pipeline terminals 4. Stocks of crude oil in tanks and partially loaded tankers at offshore field (UKCS). 5. Includes process oils held under approved bilateral agreements. 6. Motor spirit and aviation spirit. 7. Aviation turbine fuel, burning oil, gas oil, DERV fuel, middle distillate feedstock (mdf) and marine diesel oil. 8. Ethane, propane, butane, other petroleum gases, naphtha (ldf), industrial white spirit, bitumen, petroleum wax, lubricating oil, petroleum coke and miscellaneous products. 9. The difference between the stocks held abroad for UK use under approved bilateral agreements and the equivalent stocks held in the UK for foreign use. 10. Stocks held in the national territory or elsewhere on the UKCS. 11. Percentage change between the most recent quarter and the same quarter a year earlier.
December 2007

Table 3.7 Drilling activity on the UKCS
Number of wells started Offshore Exploration & Exploration 2004 2005 2006 Per cent change 2005 3rd quarter 4th quarter 2006 1st quarter 2nd quarter 3rd quarter 4th quarter 2007 1st quarter 2nd quarter 3rd quarter p Per cent change 3
1. Including sidetracked wells 2. Development wells are production or injection wells drilled after development approval has been granted. 3. Percentage change in the third quarter of 2007 compared with a year earlier
2 Development
Onshore Exploration & Appraisal 3 8 15 +87.5 3 3 4 2 3 6 4r 6 3 2 Development
Appraisal 34 37 40 +8.1 11 9 6 5 14 15 7 8 30 (+)
Appraisal 63 78 69 -11.5 30 17 14 12 22 21 16 15 39 +77.3
29 41 29 -29.3 19 8 8 7 8 6 9 7 9 +12.5
166 227 211 -7.0 65 46 68 57 53 33 47 58 35 -34.0
14 21 12 -42.9 5 3 3 3 3 3 1r 7 (+)
66
4 GAS
Table 4.1. Natural gas supply and consumption
2005 per cent change 1 3rd quarter 2005 4th quarter 2006 1st quarter 2006 2nd quarter 2006 3rd quarter 2006 4th quarter 2007 1st quarter 2007 2nd quarter 2007 3rd quarter p per cent change 2
GWh
2005 SUPPLY Indigenous production Imports Exports Stock change 3 Transfers Total supply Statistical difference 1,025,232 173,328 96,181 +1,321 -51 1,103,649 +960.5 1,102,689 350,998 328,515 22,484 86,159 10,964 654,568 8,410 144,560 384,009 107,868 9,721
2006
929,784 244,029 120,591 -6,435 -52 1,046,735 +386.8 1,046,348 331,927 309,760 22,167 79,421 12,012 622,989 8,172 135,539 364,555 105,224 9,500
-9.3 +40.8 +25.4
191,513 34,873 25,604 -12,932 -15
266,704 58,906 20,334 +6,173 -5 311,444 +1,588 309,856 83,571 77,277 6,293 21,994 2,742 201,549 1,928 38,917 125,756 32,518 2,430
285,257 75,928 16,105 +13,746 -23 358,803 +2,772 356,031 74,186 67,058 7,128 22,204 3,852 255,789 2,133 54,682 157,496 39,269 2,209
227,819 35,122 35,595 -6,156 -15 221,175 -471 221,647 79,161 74,226 4,936 19,309 2,643 120,533 2,208 28,624 65,969 21,301 2,430
186,669 39,823 41,678 -14,606 -7 170,202 -635 170,837 83,993 79,885 4,108 17,713 2,319 66,811 1,850 20,095 28,750 13,686 2,430
230,039 93,156 27,214 +581 -8 296,554 -1,280 297,834 94,586 88,591 5,995 20,194 3,198 179,856 1,981 32,137 112,340 30,967 2,430
237,300r 114,360r 23,186r +15,066 -27 343,514r -1,541r 345,055r 100,977 93,848r 7,128 20,218 3,322r 220,538r 1,951 46,592r 136,015r 33,550r 2,375r
206,152r 64,726r 39,776r -7,017 -15 224,070r +1,203r 222,867r 99,801r 94,865r 4,936 18,533r 2,375r 102,158r 1,805r 22,946r 56,966r 18,011r 2,375r
165,789 52,279 31,240 -6,660 -7 180,162 +841 179,321 84,696 80,588 4,108 15,701 2,079 76,846 1,835 23,852 33,112 15,671 2,375
-11.2 +31.3 -25.0
-5.2
187,835 -370
+5.9
67
December 2007
Total demand TRANSFORMATION Electricity generation Heat generation Energy industry use Losses FINAL CONSUMPTION Iron & steel Other industries Domestic Other final users Non energy use
-5.1 -5.4 -5.7 -1.4 -7.8 +9.6 -4.8 -2.8 -6.2 -5.1 -2.5 -2.3
188,206 92,414 88,184 4,231 18,554 1,888 75,350 1,784 24,226 32,854 14,056 2,430
+5.0 +0.8 +0.9 -11.4 -10.4 +15.0 -0.8 +18.7 +15.2 +14.5 -2.3
December 2007
5 ELECTRICITY
Table 5.1. Fuel used in electricity generation and electricity supplied
per cent 2005 FUEL USED IN GENERATION Major power producers Coal Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro (natural flow) Other renewables Net imports Total major power producers Other generators Coal Oil Gas Hydro (natural flow) Other renewables Other fuels Total other generators All generating companies Coal Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro (natural flow) Other renewables Other fuels Net imports Total all generating companies ELECTRICITY SUPPLIED All generating companies Coal Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro (natural flow and net supply ...by pumped storage stations) Other renewables Other fuels Net imports Total all generating companies 2006 change 1 +10.3 +22.6 -5.9 -6.8 -6.8 -10.6 -9.7 +0.7 -1.5 -16.5 -17.2 -9.1 +11.8 -26.2 -9.1 +10.0 +7.8 -7.2 -6.8 -7.3 +6.7 -26.2 -9.7 -0.4 2005 3rd quarter 5.35 0.11 6.85 4.59 0.05 0.19 0.17 17.30 0.21 0.11 0.85 0.01 0.69 0.54 2.42 5.56 0.22 7.70 4.59 0.06 0.89 0.54 0.17 19.72 2005 4th quarter 9.93 0.38 6.02 4.27 0.11 0.23 0.25 21.18 0.26 0.13 0.73 0.02 0.77 0.53 2.44 10.19 0.50 6.75 4.27 0.13 1.00 0.53 0.25 23.62 2006 1st 3 quarter 11.62 0.56 5.05 5.08 0.08 0.30 0.12 22.81 0.23 0.13 0.72 0.02 0.74 0.44 2.28 11.85 0.70 5.77 5.08 0.10 1.04 0.44 0.12 25.09 2006 2nd quarter 7.08 0.14 5.70 4.50 0.07 0.13 0.25 17.87 0.24 0.09 0.68 0.02 0.73 0.43 2.18 7.31 0.23 6.38 4.50 0.08 0.86 0.43 0.25 20.05 2006 3rd quarter 6.57 0.13 6.24 4.27 0.04 0.12 0.14 17.51 0.23 0.09 0.63 0.01 0.77 0.36 2.08 6.80 0.22 6.87 4.27 0.06 0.90 0.36 0.14 19.60 2006 4th quarter 9.65 0.18 6.93 3.28 0.13 0.18 0.14 20.49 0.26 0.11 0.69 0.03 0.86 0.31 2.25 9.91 0.29 7.62 3.28 0.16 1.04 0.31 0.14 22.74 2007 1st quarter 2007 2007 2nd 3rd per cent 2 quarter quarter p change -2.0 +14.7 -0.5 -8.8 +56.4 -7.5 +64.2 -2.3 -22.3 -35.6 +16.2 +34.9 +9.3 +10.5 +6.4 -2.6 -6.0 +1.1 -8.8 +51.3 +7.0 +10.5 +64.2 -1.4
31.65 0.83 25.42 18.37 0.34 0.82 0.72 78.15 0.96 0.50 3.28 0.08 2.78 2.07 9.68 32.62 1.33 28.70 18.37 0.43 3.60 2.07 0.72 87.83
34.92 1.01 23.92 17.13 0.32 0.73 0.65 78.68 0.95 0.42 2.72 0.08 3.11 1.53 8.80 35.87 1.43 26.64 17.13 0.40 3.84 1.53 0.65 87.48
Million tonnes of oil equivalent 9.11r 5.97 6.44 0.17r 0.13 0.15 7.29 7.46r 6.21 3.49 3.40 3.89 0.14 0.10 0.07 0.19 0.14r 0.12 0.10r 0.08r 0.23 20.50r 17.27r 17.11 0.24 0.09 0.79 0.03 0.80 0.34 2.29 9.35r 0.27r 8.08 3.49 0.17 0.99 0.34 0.10r 22.78r 0.24 0.09 0.71 0.02 0.80 0.36 2.22 6.21 0.22 8.17r 3.40 0.12 0.93 0.36 0.08r 19.49r 0.18 0.06 0.73 0.02 0.84 0.39 2.22 6.62 0.20 6.94 3.89 0.09 0.96 0.39 0.23 19.32 TWh 25.78 0.59 36.15 15.73 0.69 3.86 1.06 2.66 86.53
68
128.67 4.72 149.78 75.17 4.01 11.91 4.72 8.32 387.31
142.68 4.27 138.25 69.24 3.38 13.53 3.49 7.52 382.36
+10.9 -9.6 -7.7 -7.9 -15.7 +13.6 -26.2 -9.7 -1.3
21.19 0.76 40.16 18.76 0.50 2.76 1.20 1.94 87.28
40.54 1.85 34.72 17.48 1.27 3.45 1.17 2.85 103.33
48.00 1.81 29.85 20.52 0.78 3.77 0.96 1.40 107.10
28.75 0.72 33.83 18.21 0.71 2.89 0.85 2.86 88.83
27.09 0.77 35.59 17.24 0.36 3.10 0.87 1.62 86.65
38.83 0.98 38.98 13.26 1.53 3.77 0.79 1.63 99.77
36.59 0.82 42.86 14.12 1.66 3.88 0.85 1.12r 101.90r
23.91 0.61r 43.47r 13.73 1.10r 3.48r 1.00 0.89r 88.19r
-4.8 -23.9 +1.6 -8.8 +90.4 +24.5 +21.6 +64.2 -0.1
1. Percentage change in 2006 compared with a year earlier. 2. Percentage change in third quarter of 2007 compared with a year earlier. 3. See note on page 14 of September 2005 Energy Trends regarding calendar differences.
5 ELECTRICITY
Table 5.2 Supply and consumption of electricity
2005 2005 SUPPLY Indigenous production
3
GWh
2005 4th quarter 2006 1st quarter 2006 2nd quarter 2006 3rd quarter 2006 4th quarter 2007 1st quarter 2007 2nd quarter 2007 3rd quarter p Per cent change 2
2006
Per cent change 1
3rd quarter
398,374
398,692
+0.1
89,827
106,202
112,769
91,377
90,507
104,039
106,528r
92,496r
89,204
-1.4
Major power producers 359,283 357,804 -0.4 80,060 95,770 102,139 81,531 80,742 93,392 95,468 81,704r 78,746 -2.5 Auto producers 36,161 37,036 +2.4 9,076 9,521 9,557 9,043 8,775 9,661 10,144r 9,899r 9,391 +7.0 Other sources 2,930 3,853 +31.5 691 910 1,073 803 990 986 916 893 1,067 +7.8 Imports 11,160 10,282 -7.9 2,734 3,410 2,301 3,308 2,270 2,403 1,938r 1,933r 3,131 +37.9 Exports 2,839 2,765 -2.6 793 556 900 443 648 774 819r 1,043r 467 -27.9 Transfers Total supply 406,695 406,209 -0.1 91,768 109,056 114,170 94,242 92,130 105,667 107,647r 93,386r 91,868 -0.3 Statistical difference +661 +88 +571 +496 +243 -583 -53 +481 -386r -235r +617 Total demand 406,034 406,121 91,198 108,560 113,928 94,825 92,183 105,186 108,033r 93,621r 91,252 -1.0 TRANSFORMATION Energy industry use 30,540 32,428 +6.2 7,015 8,298 9,225 7,573 7,598 8,032 7,966r 7,108r 7,499 -1.3 Losses 30,637 30,918 +0.9 6,743 7,709 9,433 7,217 6,678 7,590 9,372r 6,800r 6,670 -0.1 FINAL CONSUMPTION 344,857 342,775 -0.6 77,440 92,553 95,270 80,034 77,907 89,564 90,695r 79,713r 77,082 -1.1 Iron & steel 5,019 5,849 +16.5 1,260 1,250 1,459 1,461 1,446 1,482 1,477r 1,458r 1,437 -0.6 Other industries 113,502 110,455 -2.7 26,897 28,864 29,213 26,941r 27,091 27,210 27,792r 27,311r 26,720 -1.4 Transport 8,574 8,529 -0.5 2,151 2,165 2,127 2,176r 2,063 2,163 2,210r 2,210r 2,166 +5.0 Domestic 116,811 116,449 -0.3 23,871 33,272 34,994 25,657 23,339 32,460 33,036r 25,106r 23,597 +1.1 Other final users 100,950 101,493 +0.5 23,261 27,002 27,478 23,800r 23,967 26,248 26,181r 23,628r 23,161 -3.4 Non energy use 1. Percentage change in 2006 compared with a year earlier. 2. Percentage change in the third quarter of 2007 compared with a year earlier. 3. Companies that produce electricity from nuclear sources plus all companies whose prime purpose is the generation of electricity are included under the heading "Major Power Producers". At the end of December 2006 they were: AES Electric Ltd., Baglan Generation Ltd., Barking Power Ltd., BNFL British Nuclear Group, British Energy plc., Centrica Energy., Coolkeeragh ESB Ltd., Corby Power Ltd., Coryton Energy Company Ltd., Derwent Cogeneration Ltd., Drax Power Ltd., EDF Energy plc., E.On UK plc., Fibrogen Ltd., Fibropower Ltd., Fibrothetford Ltd., First Hydro Company, Immingham CHP, International Power plc., Premier Power Ltd., RGS Energy Ltd., Rocksavage Power Company Ltd., RWE Npower plc., Scottish Power plc., Scottish and Southern Energy plc., Seabank Power Ltd., SELCHP Ltd., Spalding Energy Company Ltd., Teesside Power Ltd., Uskmouth Power Company, Western Power Generation Ltd.
69
December 2007
List of special feature articles published in Energy Trends between June 2006 and September 2007
Energy
June December March March March June June 2006 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 Accessing energy statistics via the DTI website Further developments relating to DTI sub national energy consumption data Regional and local estimates of non gas, non electricity and non road transport fuels in 2004 Regional and local total energy consumption statistics for 2004 High level indicators for regional and local energy data in 2004 The future of Energy Its impact on the Environment and Society Estimates of heat use in the UK CO2 emissions and energy consumption in the UK UK Coal imports 2000 to 2005 Revisions to historic coal data in the Digest of UK Energy Statistics 2006 CHP in UK regions 2005 CHP in UK regions 2006 High level energy indicators and quality indicators for regional and local electricity and gas estimates Regional and local electricity consumption statistics for 2005 Electricity generation and supply figures for Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and England, 2004 and 2005 Electricity transmission across Europe in 2004 Electricity, generation and supply figures for Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and England, 2004 and 2005 an update Middle layer super output area (MLSOA) and intermediate geography zone estimates of electricity and gas consumption in 2005 for Great Britain Changes in electricity generation and usage, 1976-2006 Easier access to 2005 small area electricity and gas data Predicting Fuel Poverty at the local level Natural gas: world production, consumption, reserves and trade Update on DTI local and regional estimates of gas consumption in 2005 Regional and local gas consumption statistics for 2005 Regional and local use of road transport fuels 2004 UK oil industry over the past 100 years UK oil imports since 1920 Regional and local use of road transport fuels 2005 Renewable energy in 2005 Survey control report on RESTATS Renewable energy in UK regions 2005 Renewable energy in 2006 Renewable energy in UK regions 2006
CO2
March
Coal
September 2006 September 2006 September 2006 September 2007
Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
Electricity
June December December December March June 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 2007
September 2007 September 2007
Fuel Poverty
June 2007 2006 2006 2007 2006 2007 2007 2007 2006 2006 2006 2007 2007
Gas
December December March June March June June June June September June September
Petroleum (oil and oil products)
Renewables
December 2007
70
List of special feature articles published in Energy Trends between June 2006 and September 2007 continued
UK Continental Shelf (UKCS)
March 2007 UKCS capital expenditure survey 2006
71
December 2007
December 2007
72
Explanatory notes
General
More detailed notes on the methodology used to compile the figures and data sources are included in the annual Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics.
Symbols used in the tables

.. not available. - nil or less than half the final digit shown. p provisional. r revised; where a column or row shows r at the beginning, most, but not necessarily all, of the data have been revised. e estimated; totals of which the figures form a constituent part are therefore partly estimated.
Notes to tables Figures for the latest periods

and the corresponding averages (or totals) are provisional and are liable to subsequent revision.
Conversion factors
1 tonne of UK crude oil = 1 tonne = 1 gallon (UK) = 1 kilowatt (kW) = 1 megawatt (MW) = 1 gigawatt (GW) = 1 terawatt (TW) = 7.55 barrels 1,000 kilograms 4.54609 litres 1,000 watts 1,000 kilowatts 1,000 megawatts 1,000 gigawatts
All conversion of fuels from original units to units of energy is carried out on the basis of the gross calorific value of the fuel. More detailed information on conversion factors and calorific values is given in Annex A of the Digest of UK Energy Statistics.
The figures have not been adjusted for temperature or seasonal factors except where noted. Due to rounding the sum of the constituent items may not equal the totals. Percentage changes relate to the corresponding period a year ago. They are calculated from unrounded figures but are shown only as (+) or (-) when the percentage change is very large. Quarterly figures relate to thirteen week periods except in the gas and petroleum sections where they relate to calendar quarters. All figures relate to the United Kingdom unless otherwise indicated.
Conversion matrices
To convert from the units on the left hand side to the units across the top multiply by the values in the table.
To: Thousand toe Multiply by 1 0.023885 0.085985 2.5200 Tonnes of oil equivalent Multiply by 1 0.023885 0.000085985 0.0025200 Terajoules GWh Million therms 0.39683 0.0094778 0.034121 1 Therms
From Thousand toe Terajoules (TJ) Gigawatt hours (GWh) Million therms
To:
41.868 1 3.6000 105.51 Gigajoules
11.630 0.27778 1 29.307 kWh
From Tonnes of oil equivalent Gigajoules (GJ) Kilowatt hours (kWh) Therms
41.868 1 0.003600 0.105510
11,630 277.78 1 29.307
396.83 9.4778 0.034121 1
Note that all factors are quoted to 5 significant figures
Abbreviations
CCGT LRP ATF NGLs UKCS GVA MSF Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Lead Replacement Petrol Aviation Turbine Fuel Natural gas liquids United Kingdom Continental Shelf Gross Value Added Manufactured Solid Fuels
Sectoral breakdowns
The categories for final consumption by user are defined by the Standard Industrial Classification 2003, as follows:
Fuel producers Final consumers: Iron and steel Other industry Transport & Storage Other final users Agriculture Commercial Public administration Other services Domestic 10-12, 23, 40 27, excluding 27.4, 27.53 and 27.54 13 to 22, 24 to 37, 41 and 45 excluding those parts of 27 relating to Iron and Steel. 60-63 01, 02, 05 50-52, 55, 64-67, 70-74 75, 80, 85 90-93, 99 Not covered by SIC 2003
ENERGY TRENDS
Energy is a major natural resource and a key factor in the economy and environment of the United Kingdom. Data on energy supply and demand, energy prices and values and trade in energy are vital components of this countrys main economic and environmental indicators. ENERGY TRENDS, which was first published in the 1960s, is a quarterly publication produced by the Department for Business, Enterprise & Regulatory Reform. With tables, charts and commentary covering all the major aspects of energy, it provides a comprehensive picture of energy production and use. ENERGY TRENDS provides essential information for everyone involved in energy, from economists to environmentalists, and from energy suppliers to energy users.
Quarterly Energy Prices and Energy Trends Subscription available from BERR (020 7215 2698) Price 40 per annum UK www.berr.gov.uk/energy/statistics/publications/prices/index.html and www.berr.gov.uk/energy/statistics/publications/trends/index.html Single copies available from the BERR Publications Orderline priced 6 for Energy Trends and 8 for Quarterly Energy Prices. UK Energy in Brief Available from the BERR Publications Orderline www.berr.gov.uk/energy/statistics/publications/in-brief/page17222.html
Energy Consumption in the UK Available on the BERR website at: www.berr.gov.uk/energy/statistics/publications/ecuk/page17658.html Digest of UK Energy Statistics 2007 Available from the Stationery Office (0870 600 5522) www.berr.gov.uk/energy/statistics/publications/dukes/page39771.html
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ENERGY TRENDS DECEMBER 2007

A NATIONAL STATISTICS PUBLICATION

Chris Michaels David Bovill

Lisa Vine Joe Ewins Jennifer Knight

6072 5190 6490

Lisa.Vine@berr.gsi.gov.uk Joe.Ewins@berr.gsi.gov.uk Jennifer.Knight@berr.gsi.gov.uk

All the above can be contacted by fax on 020 7215 2723

This is a National Statistics publication

Explanatory notes are to be found inside the back cover

Section 1 - Total Energy

2006 Total 2006 Q1-Q3 2007 Q1-Q3

(1) Nuclear and natural flow hydro electricity.

Chart 1.2 Total inland consumption (primary fuel input basis)(1)

Seasonally adjusted and temperature corrected annual rates.

Total Energy Chart 1.3 Final energy consumption by user

Solid Fuels and Derived Gases

Section 2 - Solid Fuels and Derived Gases

Deep mined coal

Chart 2.2 Coal consumption

0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 2004 2005 2006 2007

Solid Fuels and Derived Gases Chart 2.3 Coal stocks

Oil and Oil Products

Section 3 - Oil and Oil Products

Total oil production (million tonnes)

Chart 3.2 UK trade in crude oils, NGLs and petroleum products

-30 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 2004 2005 2006 2007

Unleaded motor spirit

Aviation turbine fuel

0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 2004 2005 2006 2007

Chart 3.4 Super/hypermarket shares of retail deliveries

0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 2004 4 2005 2006 2007

8 6 4 2 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 2007 2004 2005 2006

diesel oils, aviation turbine fuel, kerosene and fuel oils.

Chart 3.6 Drilling activity on the UKCS

80 Num ber of w ells

0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 2004 2005 2006 2007

Oil and Oil Products

Chart 4.2 UK trade in natural gas

Electricity generators Other industries

Iron and steel

Other final users

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 2004 2005 2006

10 Million tonnes of oil equivalent

Oil, renewable and other

Chart 5.2 Electricity supplied

Gas 41.8% Oil, renew ables and other 7.2%

Net imports 1.9%

Nuclear 19.9% Oil, renew ables and other 5.9%

Electricity Chart 5.3 Electricity consumption

50 40 30 20 10 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 2004 2005 2006 2007

Commercial and Other

Special feature Sub national electricity figures

Generation and net exports

0 England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland

Special feature Sub national electricity figures

Consumption and sales Chart 2: Electricity consumption in 2006

Wales 6.7% Scotland 10.1%

Northern Ireland 2.4%

Special feature Sub national electricity figures

Table 3: Renewables percentages

2006 UK total Scotland Wales

Statistical difference between calculated consumption [A] and sales [B]

2006 Northern Ireland England