SECTION 2 MATERIALS 2.

1 General The material properties given in this section are nominal values, to be accepted as characteristic values in design calculations. 2.2 Structural Steel 2.2.1 Scope The provisions in this section are applicable to the steels commonly used in steel construction namely 1. Structural mild steel 2. High tensile structural steel 2.2.2 All the structural steels used in general construction, coming under the purview of this code (before fabrication), shall conform to IS: 1977, IS: 2062 and IS: 8500, as appropriate. 2.2.3 Any structural steel other than those specified in 2.2.2 may also be used provided that the permissible stresses and other design provisions are suitably modified and the steel is also suitable for the type of fabrication adopted. 2.2.3.1 Steel which are not supported by mill test result may be used only in unimportant members and details where their properties such as ductility and weldability would not affect the performance requirements of the members and the structure as a whole. 2.2.4 Properties The properties of structural steel, for use in design, may be taken as given below. 2.2.4.1 Physical properties of structural steel irrespective of its grade may be taken as: a) Unit mass of steel, = 7850 kg/m3 b) Modulus of elasticity, E = 2.0 105 N/mm2 (MPa) c) Poisson ratio, = 0.3 d) Modulus of rigidity, G = 0.769 105 N/mm2 (MPa) e) Coefficient of thermal expansion t = 12 10-6 /o C 2.2.4.2 Mechanical Properties of Structural Steel The principal mechanical properties of the structural steels important in design, are the yield stress, fy, the tensile or ultimate stress, fu, the maximum percent elongation on a standard gauge length and notch toughness. Except the notch toughness others are determined by conducting tensile tests on samples cut from the plates, sections etc., according to IS: 1608. These properties for the common steel products of different specifications are summarized in Table 2.1. 2.3 Rivets 2.3.1 Rivets shall be manufactured from steel conforming to IS: 7557. They may also be manufactured from steel conforming to IS: 2062 provided the steel meets the requirements given in IS: 1148. 2.3.2 Rivets shall conform to IS: 1929 and IS: 2155 as appropriate. 23

2.3.3 High Tensile Steel Rivets High tensile steel rivets, shall be manufactured from steel conforming to IS: 1149. 2.4 Bolts and Nuts Bolts and nuts shall conform to IS: 1363, IS: 1364, IS: 1367, IS: 3640, IS: 3757, IS: 6623 and IS: 6639 as appropriate. 2.5 Steel Casting Steel casting shall conforming to IS: 1030 or IS: 2708. 2.6 Welding 2.6.1 Covered electrodes shall conform to IS: 814 or IS: 1395 as appropriate. 2.6.2 Filler rods and wires for gas welding shall conform to IS: 1278. 2.6.3 The supply of solid filler wires for submerged arc welding of structural steels shall conform to IS: 1387. 2.6.4 The bare wire electrodes for submerged arc welding shall conform to IS: 7280. The combination of wire and flux shall satisfy the requirements of IS: 3613. 2.6.5 Filler rods and bare electrodes for gas shielded metal arc welding shall conform to IS: 6419 and IS: 6560, as appropriate.

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TABLE 2.1 TENSILE PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL STEEL (Section 2.2.4.2) Sl.No.

*Specification

Properties Particulars Grade / Classification O D DD EDD Ex40xx Ex41xx Ex42xx Ex43xx Ex44xx Ex50xx Ex51xx Ex52xx Ex53xx Ex54xx Ex55xx Ex56xx O D DD EDD Yield Stress, MPa (Min) --280 250 220 330 330 330 330 330 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 ---Ultimate Tensile Stress, MPa, (Min) --280-410 270-370 270-350 410-510 410-510 410-510 410-510 410-510 510-610 510-610 510-610 510-610 510-610 510-610 510-610 --240-400 260-390 260-380 Elongation Percent (Min) --23 26 32 20 22 24 24 18 18 20 20 20 20 --25 28 32

No.

IS: 513-1994

Specification for cold rolled low carbon steel sheets and strips

IS: 814-1991

Specification for covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of carbon and carbon manganese steel

Specification of hot IS: 1079-1994 rolled carbon steel sheets and strips

*Specification given in the Table is Revised Version TABLE 2.1 (Continued) 25

Properties Sl.No.
*Specification

No.

Particulars

Grade / Classification 3.6 4.6 4.8 5.6 5.8 6.8 8.8 9.8 10.9 12.9 1 1A 2 2A 3 3A 4 5 6

Yield Stress, MPa (Min) 180 240 320 300 400 480 640 720 900 1080 200 220 230 250 270 280 320 350 370

IS: 1367-1991 (ISO 898)

Specifications of fasteners-threaded steel for technical supply conditions

Ultimate Elongation Tensile Stress, Percent Mpa, (Min) (Min) 300 25 400 22 400 14 500 20 500 10 600 8 800 12 900 10 1000 9 1200 8 370 410 430 460 490 540 620 710 740 26 25 24 22 21 20 15 13 10

IS:1875-1992

Specification for carbon steel billets, blooms, slabs and bars for forgings

IS:19771996

Specification for low tensile structural steel

Fe 290 Fe 330 Fe 370

165 170 215

290-390 330-430 370-470

23 23 23

26

*Specification given in the Table is Revised Version TABLE 2.1 (Continued) Properties Sl. No
*Specification

No.

Particulars

Grade / Classification

Yield Stress, MPa (Min)

d or t < 20 d or t > 20

Ultimate Tensile Stress, Mpa, (Min) 360-440 410-500

d or t < 60

Elongation Percent (Min)

Specification of steel IS: 1990-1973 rivet and stay bars for boilers Specification of steel plates for pressure vessels for intermediate and high temperature service including boilers Specification of steel for general structural purposes

St 37 St 42

220 250
d or t <16 16<d or t<40

200 240
40<d or t<60

26 23
d or t < 60

IS:2002-1992

1 2 3 A/ Fe410WA B/ Fe410WB C/ Fe410WC I II III

235 265 290

d or t < 20

225 255 285

20<d or t<40

215 245 280

d or t > 40

360-480 410-530 460-580 410 410 410 400-490 400-490 400-490

24 22 21 23 23 23 22 22 22

IS:2062-1999

250 250 250

d or t < 25

240 240 240

230 230 230

25<d or t < 50

10

11

Specification of structural steel for IS: 3039-1988 construction of hulls of ships Specification for hot rolled (upto 6 mm), sheet and strip for the IS: 6240-1999 manufacture of low pressure liquefiable gas cylinders 27

230 235 235

220 235 235

---

240

350-450

25

*Specification given in the Table is Revised Version Note d = Nominal diameter of element in mm, t = thickness of element in mm TABLE 2.1 (Continued) Properties Sl. No
*Specification

No.

Particulars

Grade / Classification Annealed Condition As-Drawn Condition

Yield Stress, MPa (Min) 160

Ultimate Elongation Tensile Stress, Percent Mpa, (Min) (Min) 330-410 30

12

Specification for steel wire (upto 20 mm) for IS:75571982 the manufacture of cold forged rivets

190
d or t <1 6 16<d or t < 40 41<d or t < 63

410-490 280 280 320 320 380 380 210 240 310 170 210 240 275 310 440 440 490 490 540 540 330 410 540 290 330 410 430 490

20 20 22 22 22 20 20 20 18 15 30 28 25 20 15

300 Fe440 Specification for 300 Fe440B structural steel micro 350 13 IS:8500-1991 Fe490 alloyed (Medium and 350 Fe490B high strength qualities 410 Fe540 410 Fe540B Specification for steel HFC 210/CDS 210/ERW210 14 IS: 9295-1983 tubes for indlers for belt HFC 240/CDS 240/ERW240 conveyors HFC 310/CDS 310/ERW310 1 Specification of Hot 2 15 IS:10748-1995 Rolled steel strip for 3 welded tubes and pipes 4 5 * Specification given in the Table is Revised Version. Note1: Percentage of elongation taken over the gauge length of 5.65 28 S0

290 290 330 330 390 390

where S0 =Original cross sectional area of the test specimen Note2: Abbreviations: O Ordinary, D Drawing, DD Deep Drawing,

EDD Extra Deep Drawing, Min Minimum

28