This unit is designed to help you understand the difference between reversible and irreversible reactions.

List of irreversible reactions : 1. neutralisation between acids and bases 2. dissociation of strong acid 3. dissociation of strong base 4. dissociation of soluble salt

List of reversible reactions : 1. dissociation of weak acid 2. dissociation of conjugate base 3. dissociation of weak base 4. dissociation of conjugate acid 5. dissociation of insoluble salt

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Examples of irreversible reactions : 1. neutralisation between acids and bases NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O 2. dissociation of strong acid HCl

H+ + Cl-

3. dissociation of strong base KOH K+ + OH4. dissociation of soluble salt MgCl2 (aq)

Mg2+ (aq)

+ 2 Cl-(aq)

Examples of reversible reactions : 1. dissociation of weak acid CH3COOH

H+ + CH3COO-

2. dissociation of conjugate base CH3COO- + H2O

OH- + CH3COOH

3. dissociation of weak base NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH4. dissociation of conjugate acid NH4+

NH3 + H+ Ag+(aq)
+ Cl-(aq)

5. dissociation of insoluble salt AgCl(s)

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Exercise 01 : Complete the equation by adding or sign Chemical Equation H2SO4 HCl CH3COOH H3PO4 HNO3 HBr HF HClO4 H2S C6H5COOH Answer : Chemical Equation H2SO4 HCl CH3COOH H3PO4 HNO3 HBr HF HClO4 H2S C6H5COOH Type of reaction H+ + HSO4H+ + ClH+ + CH3COOH+ + H2PO4H+ + NO3H+ + BrH+ + FH+ + ClO4H+ + HSH+ + C6H5COODissociation of strong acid Dissociation of strong acid Dissociation of weak acid Dissociation of weak acid Dissociation of strong acid Dissociation of strong acid Dissociation of weak acid Dissociation of strong acid Dissociation of weak acid Dissociation of weak acid

Type of reaction 2 H + SO4 H+ + ClH+ + CH3COOH+ + H2PO4H+ + NO3H+ + BrH+ + FH+ + ClO4H+ + HSH+ + C6H5COO+ 2-

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Exercise 02 : Complete the equation by adding or sign Chemical Equation Type of reaction + NaOH Na + OH NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OHC6H5NH2 + H2O C6H5NH3+ + OHLiOH Li+ + OHN2H4 + H2O N2H5+ + OHKOH K+ + OHCH3NH2 + H2O CH3NH3+ + OHCH3CH2NH2 + H2O CH3CH2NH3+ + OHAnswer : Chemical Equation Type of reaction Na+ + OHNH4+ + OHC6H5NH3+ + OHLi+ + OHN2H5+ + OHK+ + OHCH3NH3+ + OHCH3CH2NH3+ + OHDissociation of strong base Dissociation of weak base Dissociation of weak base Dissociation of strong base Dissociation of weak base Dissociation of strong base Dissociation of weak base Dissociation of weak base

NH3 + H2O C6H5NH2 + H2O LiOH N2H4 + H2O KOH CH3NH2 + H2O CH3CH2NH2 + H2O
NaOH

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Exercise 03 : Complete these salt dissociation equation. Add also or sign.

Chemical Equation MgCl2 (aq) BaSO4 (s) CaCO3 (s) Pb(NO3)2 (aq) BaCO3 (s) FeSO4 (aq) AgCl(s) PbCl2 (s)

Type of reaction Mg2+ (aq) + 2+ (aq) + 2+ (aq) + 2+ (aq) + 2+ (aq) + 2+ (aq) + + (aq) + 2+ (aq) + 2 Cl-(aq) 2(aq) 2(aq) (aq) 2(aq) 2(aq) (aq) (aq)
Dissociation of soluble salt

Answer : Chemical Equation MgCl2 (aq) BaSO4 (s) CaCO3 (s) Pb(NO3)2 (aq) BaCO3 (s) FeSO4 (aq) AgCl(s) PbCl2 (s) Type of reaction Mg2+ (aq) + Ba2+(aq) Ca2+(aq) Pb2+(aq) Ba2+(aq) Fe2+(aq) Ag+(aq) Pb2+(aq) + + + + 2 Cl-(aq) SO42-(aq) CO32-(aq) 2 NO3-(aq) CO32-(aq)
Dissociation of soluble salt Dissociation of insoluble salt Dissociation of insoluble salt Dissociation of soluble salt Dissociation of insoluble salt Dissociation of soluble salt Dissociation of insoluble salt Dissociation of insoluble salt

+ SO42-(aq) + Cl-(aq) + 2 Cl-(aq)

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Exercise 04 : Complete these weak acid and conjugate base dissociation equation. Chemical Equation Type of reaction

F- + H2O H2S HS- + H2O CH3COOH CH3COO- + H2O C6H5COOH C6H5COO- + H2O
HF Answer : Chemical Equation

H+ + HF + + + + + + +

FOH-

Dissociation of weak acid Dissociation of conjugate base Dissociation of weak acid Dissociation of conjugate base Dissociation of weak acid Dissociation of conjugate base Dissociation of weak acid Dissociation of conjugate base

Type of reaction H+ + HF + H+ + H2S + H+ + H+ + FOHHSOHCH3COO+ OHOHC6H5COODissociation of weak acid Dissociation of conjugate base Dissociation of weak acid Dissociation of conjugate base Dissociation of weak acid Dissociation of conjugate base Dissociation of weak acid Dissociation of conjugate base

F- + H2O H2S HS- + H2O CH3COOH CH3COO- + H2O C6H5COOH C6H5COO- + H2O
HF

CH3COOH

C6H5COOH +

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Exercise 05 : Complete these equations of dissociation of weak base and acid conjugate. Chemical Equation Type of reaction NH4+ NH3 + OH+ H+ + OH+ H+ + OH+ H+ + OH+ H+ + OH+ H+
Dissociation of weak base Dissociation of conjugate acid

NH4+ C6H5NH2 + H2O C6H5NH3+ N2H4 + H2O N2H5+ CH3NH2 + H2O CH3NH3+ CH3CH2NH2 + H2O CH3CH2NH3+
NH3 + H2O Answer : Chemical Equation

Type of reaction NH4+ + OHNH3 + H+ C6H5NH3+ + OHC6H5NH2 + H+ N2H5+ + OHN2H4 + H+ CH3NH3+ + OHCH3NH2 + H+ CH3CH2NH3+ + OHCH3CH2NH2 + H+
Dissociation of weak base Dissociation of conjugate acid Dissociation of weak base Dissociation of conjugate acid Dissociation of weak base Dissociation of conjugate acid Dissociation of weak base Dissociation of conjugate acid Dissociation of weak base Dissociation of conjugate acid

NH4+ C6H5NH2 + H2O C6H5NH3+ N2H4 + H2O N2H5+ CH3NH2 + H2O CH3NH3+ CH3CH2NH2 + H2O CH3CH2NH3+
NH3 + H2O

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Exercise 06 : Complete these equations by adding or sign. Chemical Equation Type of reaction H3PO4 + NaOH NaH2PO4 +H2O NaH2PO4 + NaOH Na2HPO4 +H2O Na2HPO4 + NaOH Na3PO4 +H2O NaOH Na+ + OHH3PO4 H2PO4- + H+ H2PO4HPO42- + H+ HPO42PO43- + H+ PO43- + H2O HPO42- + OHHPO42- + H2O H2PO4- + OHH2PO4- + H2O H3PO4 + OHNa3PO4 3 Na+ + PO43Answer : Chemical Equation H3PO4 + NaOH NaH2PO4 + NaOH Na2HPO4 + NaOH NaOH H3PO4 H2PO4HPO42PO43- + H2O HPO42- + H2O H2PO4- + H2O Na3PO4

NaH2PO4 +H2O Na2HPO4 +H2O Na3PO4 +H2O Na+ + OHH2PO4- + H+ HPO42- + H+ PO43- + H+ HPO42- + OHH2PO4- + OHH3PO4 + OH3 Na+ + PO43-

Type of reaction Neutralisation Neutralisation Neutralisation

Dissociation of strong base Dissociation of weak acid Dissociation of weak acid Dissociation of weak acid Dissociation of conjugate base Dissociation of conjugate base Dissociation of conjugate base Dissociation of soluble salt

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Exercise 07 : Complete these equations by adding the product. Chemical Equation NH3 + HCl NH4Cl + NaOH NH4Cl(s) HCl NH3+ H2O NH4+ Answer : Chemical Equation NH3 + HCl NH4Cl + NaOH NH4Cl(s) HCl NH3+ H2O NH4+ Type of reaction

+ (aq) + + + +

+ (aq)

NH4Cl NH3 + H2O +NaCl NH4+(aq) + Cl-(aq) H+ NH4+ NH3 + Cl+ OH+ H+

Type of reaction Neutralisation Neutralisation

Dissociation of soluble salt Dissociation of strong acid Dissociation of weak base Dissociation of conjugate acid

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Exercise 08 : Complete these equations by adding the product. Chemical Equation CH3COOH + KOH CH3COOK + HCl CH3COOK(s) KOH CH3COO- + H2O CH3COOH Answer : Chemical Equation CH3COOH + KOH CH3COOK + HCl CH3COOK(s) KOH CH3COO- + H2O CH3COOH Type of reaction

+ + + + + +

CH3COOK + H2O CH3COOH + KCl CH3COO-(aq) + K+(aq) K+ CH3COO+ OH+ H+ CH3COOH + OH-

Type of reaction Neutralisation Neutralisation

Dissociation of soluble salt Dissociation of strong acid Dissociation of weak base Dissociation of conjugate acid

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Exercise 09 : Complete these equations by adding the product. Chemical Equation Type of reaction

C6H5COOH Fe(OH)2 AgOH + HNO3 PbI2 C6H5NH3+ C6H5NH3Cl + KOH BaSO4 C2H5COONa + HNO3 HI KOH
KBr Answer : Chemical Equation

K+ + + H+ Fe2+ + + H2O Pb2+ + + H+ + KCl Ba2+ + + NaNO3 + I+ OH-

Type of reaction
Dissociation of strong base Dissociation of weak acid Dissociation of weak base

K+ + BrC6H5COOH C6H5COO- + H+ Fe(OH)2 Fe2+ + 2 OHAgOH + HNO3 AgNO3 + H2O PbI2 Pb2+ + 2 IC6H5NH3+ C6H5NH2 + H+ C6H5NH3Cl KOH C6H5NH2 + KCl BaSO4 Ba2+ + SO42C2H5COONa + HNO3 C2H5COOH + NaNO3 HI H+ + IKOH K+ + OHKBr

Neutralisation
Dissociation of insoluble salt Dissociation of conjugate acid

Neutralisation
Dissociation of insoluble salt

Neutralisation
Dissociation of strong acid Dissociation of strong base

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Exercise 10 Write the chemical equations of these reactions :

1. dissociation of NaOH 2. neutralisation between KOH and CH3COOH 3. dissociation of CaCO3 4. dissociation of C6H5NH2 5. dissociation of C6H5NH3NO3 6. neutralisation between NH3 and H2SO4 7. dissociation of CH3COOK Answer : 1. dissociation of NaOH NaOH Na+ + OH2. neutralisation between KOH and CH3COOH KOH + CH3COOH CH3COOK + H2O 3. dissociation of CaCO3 CaCO3 Ca2+ + CO324. dissociation of C6H5NH2 C6H5NH2 + H2O C6H5NH3+ + OH5. dissociation of C6H5NH3NO3 C6H5NH3NO3 C6H5NH3+ + NO36. neutralisation between NH3 and H2SO4 2 NH3 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4 7. dissociation of CH3COOK CH3COOK CH3COO- + K+

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