Diesel is cleaner

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Overview
History of emission regulations in India Decreasing pollutant levels with emission norms Inherent advantages of diesel engines Technologies Road map for Euro 4 diesel vehicles Summary

Diesel is cleaner
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History Of Emission Regulations in India

BS-IV (SELECT CITIES)

BS-III (ENTIRE COUNTRY)

BS-II (NCR) CMVR 92 (DIESEL) BS-I (ENTIRE COUNTRY) FAS (DIESEL) CMVR 91 (PETROL) CMVR 96 (DIESEL) EVA & CC EMI (PETROL) BS-I (NCR)

BS-III (SELECT CITIES)

BS-2 (ENTIRE COUNTRY)

IDLE EMISSION

1989 1992 Diesel is cleaner

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1995

1998

2001

2004

2007

2010

Decreasing Pollutant Levels with emission norms

Regulated Pollutants (g/km for Cars, g/KWhr for CV)

21.6 7.9 3.83 1.78 1.25 0.825

Cars - Diesel 25 fold reduction (96.2%)

16.3

11.68

3.69

2.7

2.65

1.18

Cars - Gasoline 14 fold reduction (92.8%)

35.5

28

13.96

12.25

7.86

4.3

Commercial Vehicle 7 fold reduction (86.3%)

2000

2001

1991
Diesel is cleaner

1996

1999 BSI

2000 BSII

2005 BSIII

2010 BSIV
4

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Current status of emission standards worldwide

US07 EURO IV JAPAN 05 EURO III EURO II / III EURO II Diesel is cleaner
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EURO I / PRE EURO I

5

Inherent Advantages of diesel engine

Highest thermodynamic efficiency Lowest fuel consumption Lowest emissions of Green House Gases (CO2 emissions) No evaporative emission problems Better emissions at low engine temperature and in cold
ambient

Benzene emissions are far lower Better Stability of emissions over a distance More robust, hence lesser maintenance
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Diesel Engine Technology Movement

BS-II BS-III BS-IV

Types of engine

IDI PC & UV DI - CV

IDI & DI PC & UV DI - CV

DI for All

Aspiration

NA / TC

NA / TC / TCIC (Option waste gate TC)

Variable Geometry Turbocharger & intercooler

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Diesel Engine Technology Movement

BS-II BS-III BS-IV

Cy. Head system

2 valves per cylinder & inclined injector

2 valves per cylinder & inclined injector / 4 valves per cylinder & centralized injection

4 valves per cylinder & centralized injector Variable swirl Pre & Post glow (Glow plug)

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Diesel Engine Technology Movement

BS-II BS-III BS-IV

Injection system

Inline / Rotary Inj. Pre. : 300 bar (IDI), 600 bar (DI) Mechanical/ partially electronic

Rotary / First Gen. Common rail Inj. Pre. : 300 bar (IDI), 10001600 bar (DI) Semi Electronic/ Fully electronic

Second Gen. Common rail /Unit injector Injection Pressure 1600 to 1800 bar smaller diameter Injector Holes (no of holes 6 to 7 ) Optimized combustion

Diesel is cleaner
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CR

EGR & After treatment Technology Movement

BS-II BS-III BS-IV

EGR system

No EGR

On Off EGR / Progressive EGR Lower EGR rates

Progressive EGR EGR cooler Intake throttle Higher EGR rates

After treatment system

No after treatemnt

Diesel Oxidation catalyst

Close coupled DOC DPF, SCR

Diesel is cleaner
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Factors other than engine technology influencing emission & fuel economy
Periodic phasing out of older vehicles Infrastructure development > Improved roads / express highways / ring roads etc > Removal / reduction of traffic congestions inside city > Synchronization of traffic signals to have least stoppages at signals Fuel quality improvement

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Summary

Indian emission regulations are tightest amongst emerging nations. Diesel engines are becoming more popular worldwide because of high fuel efficiency (reduced green house gas emissions) & increased performance with new technologies. All future diesel engines will have 4valve/cylinder, centralized injectors having fully electronic fuel injection control like common rail or unit injectors. Diesel engines are becoming more & more cleaner with Euro-IV (BS IV) technologies. Infrastructure required for availability of urea to introduce SCR technology. Phasing out of older vehicles, infrastructure development & Fuel quality improvements will also play important role in clean environment and improvement in fuel economy.

Diesel is cleaner
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Diesel is cleaner
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