Additional Mathematics Project Work 2

APPRECIATI ON

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2

OBJECTIVES
The aims of carrying out this project work are: i. to apply and adapt a variety of problem-solving strategies to solve problems; ii.to improve thinking skills; iii.to promote effective mathematical communication; iv.to develop mathematical knowledge through problem solving in a way that increases students interest and confidence; v.to use the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas precisely; vi.to provide learning environment that stimulates and enhances effective learning; vii.to develop positive attitude towards mathematics.

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2

Procedure and Findings

Part II Best Bakery shop received an order from your school to bake 5kg of round cake as shown in Diagram 1 for the Teachers Day celebration.

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2

1) If a kilogram of cake has a volume of cm3, and the height of the cake is to be 7.0 cm, calculate the diameter of the baking tray to be used to fit the 5 kg cake ordered by your school. [Use = 3.142]

Volume of 5kg cake = Base area of cake x Height of cake 3800cm = rh 3800cm x 5 = 5 kg cake 3800cm x 5 = 19000cm 19000 = (3.142.)(r) (7) 19000/7(3.142) = (r) 863.872 = (r) r = 29.392 d = 58.784 cm

2) The cake will be baked in an oven with inner dimensions of 80.0 cm in length, 60.0 cm in width and 45.0 cm in height. a) If the volume of cake remains the same, explore by using different values of heights, cm, and the corresponding values of diameters of the baking tray to be used, d cm. Tabulate your answers. First, form the formula for d in terms of h by using the above formula for volume of cake, V = 19000, that is: 19000 = (3.142)(d/2)h 19000/(3.142)h = d/4 24188.415/h = d

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2

d = 155.53/h

Height, h (cm) 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0

Diameter, d(cm) 155.53 109.98 89.73 77.76 69.55 63.49 58.78 54.99 51.84 49.18

(b) Based on the values in your table, (i) state the range of heights that is NOT suitable for the cakes and explain your answers. Height:1.0-7.0cm is NOT suitable, because the diameter produced is too large to fit into the oven. The cake would be too short and too wide, making it less attractive.

(ii) suggest the dimensions that you think most suitable for the cake. Give reasons for your answer. h = 10cm, d = 49.18cm, because it can fit into the oven, and the size is suitable for easy handling.

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(c) (i) Form an equation to represent the linear relation between h and d. Hence, plot a suitable graph based on the equation that you have formed. [You may draw your graph with the aid of computer software.] 19000 = (3.142)(d/2)h 19000/(3.142)h = d/4 24188.415/h = d d = 155.53/h d = 155.53h-1/2 log d = log 155.53h-1/2 log d = -1/2 log h + log 155.53

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3) Best Bakery has been requested to decorate the cake with fresh cream. The thickness of the cream is normally set to a uniform layer of about cm. 1

(a) Estimate the amount of fresh cream required to decorate the cake using the dimensions that yAmount of fresh cream = VOLUME of fresh cream needed (area x height) Amount of fresh cream = VOLUME of fresh cream needed (area x height) Amount of fresh cream = Vol. of cream at the top surface + Vol. of cream at the side surface Vol. of cream at the top surface = Area of top surface x Height of cream = (3.142)(49.18/2) x 1 = 1899.88 cm Vol. of cream at the side surface = Area of side surface x Height of cream = (Circumference of cake x Height of cake) x Height of cream = 2(3.142)(49.18/2)(8) x 1 = 1236.19 cm

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(b) Suggest three other shapes for cake, that will have the same height and volume as those suggested in 2(b) (ii). Estimate the amount of fresh cream to be used on each of the cakes. 1 Rectangle-shaped base (cuboid)

base area x height = 19000 base area x 10 = 19000 base area = 19000/10 base area = 1900 base area = length x width By trial and improvement, 1900 = 50 x 38

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2

(length = 50, width = 38, height = 10) Therefore, volume of cream = 2(Area of left/right side surface)(Height of cream) + 2(Area of front/back side surface)(Height of cream) + Vol. of top surface = 2(10 x 50)(1) + 2(10 x 38)(1) + 1900 = 3660 cm 2 Triangle-shaped base

19000 = base area x height 1900= base area x length x width = 1900 length x width =3800 By trial and improvement, 3800 = 76 x 50 (length = 76, width = 50) Slant length of triangle = (76 + 25)= 80 Therefore, amount of cream = Area of rectangular front side surface(Height of cream) + 2(Area of slant rectangular left/right side surface)(Height of cream) + Vol. of top surface

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2

= (50 x 10)(1) + 2(80 x 10)(1) +1900 = 4090 cm

3 Pentagon-shaped base

19000 = base area x height base area =1900 = area of 5 similar isosceles triangles in a pentagon therefore: 1900 = 5(length x width) 380 = length x width By trial and improvement,380 = 20 x 19 (length = 20, width = 19) Therefore, amount of cream

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2

= 5(area of one rectangular side surface)(height of cream) + vol. of top surface = 5(10 x 19) + 1900 = 2850 cm (c) Based on the values that you have found which shape requires the least amount of fresh cream to be used? Pentagon-shaped cake, since it requires only 3135 cm of cream to be used. Part III Find the dimension of a 5 kg round cake that requires the minimum amount of fresh cream to decorate. Use at least two different methods including Calculus. State whether you would choose to bake a cake of such dimensions. Give reasons for your answers. Method 1: Differentiation Use two equations for this method: the formula for volume of cake (as in Q2/a), and the formula for amount (volume) of cream to be used for the round cake (as in Q3/a). 19000 = (3.142)rh (1) V = (3.142)r + 2(3.142)rh (2) From (1): h = 19000/(3.142)r (3) Sub. (3) into (2): V = (3.142)r + 2(3.142)r(19000/(3.142)r) V = (3.142)r + (38000/r) V = (3.142)r + 38000r-1 dV/dr = 2(3.142)r (38000/r) 0 = 2(3.142)r (38000/r) -->> minimum value, therefore dV/dr =0

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2

38000/r = 2(3.142)r 38000/2(3.142) = r 6047.104 = r r = 18.22 Sub. r = 18.22 into (3):h = 19000/(3.142)(18.22) h = 18.22 therefore, h = 18.22cm, d = 2r = 2(18.22) = 36.44cm

Method 2: Quadratic Functions Use the two same equations as in Method 1, but only the formula for amount of cream is the main equation used as the quadratic function. Let f(r) = volume of cream, r = radius of round cake: 19000 = (3.142)rh (1) f(r) = (3.142)r + 2(3.142)hr (2) From (2): f(r) = (3.142)(r + 2hr) -->> factorize (3.142) = (3.142)[ (r + 2h/2) (2h/2) ] -->> completing square, with a = (3.142), b = 2h and c = 0 = (3.142)[ (r + h) h ] = (3.142)(r + h) (3.142)h (a = (3.142) (positive indicates min. value), min. value = f(r) = (3.142)h, corresponding value of x = r = --h) Sub. r = --h into (1): 19000 = (3.142)(--h)h h = 6047.104

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2

h = 18.22 Sub. h = 18.22 into (1): 19000 = (3.142)r(18.22) r = 331.894 r = 18.22 therefore, h = 18.22 cm, d = 2r = 2(18.22) = 36.44 cm

I would choose not to bake a cake with such dimensions because its dimensions are not suitable (the height is too high) and therefore less attractive. Furthermore, such cakes are difficult to handle easily.

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FURTHER EXPLORATI ON
Best Bakery received an order to bake a multi-storey cake for Merdeka Day celebration, as shown in Diagram 2. The height of each cake is 6.0 cm and the radius of the largest cake is 31.0 cm. The radius of the second cake is 10% less than the radius of the first cake, the radius of the third cake is 10% less than the radius of the second cake and so on.

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(a) Find the volume of the first, the second, the third and the fourth cakes. By comparing all these values, determine whether the volumes of the cakes form a number pattern? Explain and elaborate on the number patterns. Radius of 1st cake = 31, volume of 1st cake = (3.142)(31)(6) = 18116.772 Radius of 2nd cake = 27.9, vol. of 2nd cake = 14674.585 Radius of 3rd cake = 25.11, vol. of 3rd cake = 11886.414 Radius of 4th cake = 22.599, vol. of 4th cake = 9627.995 18116.772, 14674.585, 11886.414, 9627.995, (it is a GP with first term, a = 18116.772 and ratio, r = T2/T1 = T3 /T2 = = 0.81)

(b)If the total mass of all the cakes should not exceed 15 kg, calculate the maximum number of cakes that the bakery needs to bake. Verify your answer using other methods.

Use Sn = (a(1 - rn)) / (1 - r), with Sn = 57000, a = 18116.772 and r = 0.81 to find n: 57000 = (18116.772(1 (0.81)n)) / (1 - 0.81) 1 0.81n = 0.59779 0.40221 = 0.81n log0.81 0.40221 = n

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n = log 0.40221 / log 0.81 n = 4.322 therefore, n 4 Verifying the answer: When n = 5: S5 = (18116.772(1 (0.81)5)) / (1 0.81) = 62104.443 > 57000 (Sn > 57000, n = 5 is not suitable) When n = 4: S4 = (18116.772(1 (0.81)4)) / (1 0.81) = 54305.767 < 57000 (Sn < 57000, n = 4 is suitable)

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2

REFLECTION
While you were conducting the project, what have you learnt? What moral values did you practise? Represent your opinions or feelings creatively through usage of symbols, illustrations, drawing or even in a song. I found a lot of information while conducting this project. Moreover, this projectencourages the student to think critically to identify and solve problems. It is also encouragestudent to gather information using the technologies such as the internet, improve thinking skillsand promote effective mathematical communication. Lastly, I proposed this project should be continue because it brings a lot of advantages to the student and also test the students understanding in Additional Mathematics.

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2