International Journal of Advances in Science and Technology, Vol. 3, No.

3, 2011

A New Technique to Solve Higher Order Integral Differential Equations with Variational Iterative Method
Mukesh Grover1 and Dr. Arun Kumar Tomer2
1

Department of Mathematics , Giani Zail Singh College of Engg. & Tech. Bathinda, Punjab, India grover.mukesh@yahoo.com
2

Department of Mathematics, S.M.D.R.S.D College Pathankot, Punjab, India tomer14@rediffmail.com

Abstract

In this paper, we introduced an iterative method for solving twelfth order boundary value problems. The analytical results of the equations have been obtained in terms of convergent series with easily computable components. We have taken two examples to illustrate the effectiveness of VIM for solving twelfth order boundary value problems. It was concluded that VIM is a powerful tool for solving high-order boundary value problems arising in various fields of engineering and science. Comparing with the exact solution, the efficiency of the method will be shown. We solve this problem by changing the problem to a system of two integraldifferential equations [1, 9, 8] and using the variational iteration method [6, 10, 12, 15 ,17, 18].

Keywords: Twelfth order boundary value problems, approximate analytical solution, Variational iteration
method, System of integral-differential equations, Error Estimates.

1. Introduction
In this paper, we consider the general 12th order boundary value problems of the type: y12(x) +f(x) y(x) =g(x), x [a, b], With boundary conditions: y(a) =a0 y(1)(a) = a1 y(2)(a) = a2 y(3)(a) = a3 y(4)(a) = a4 y(5)(a) = a5 y(b) = b0 y(1) (b) = b1 y(2) (b) = b2 y(3) (b) = b3 y(4)( ) = b4 y(5)(b) = b5 (2) (1)

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International Journal of Advances in Science and Technology, Vol. 3, No.3, 2011 Where a i , b j, here i , j = 0,1,2,3,4,5 are finite real constants and the functions f(x) and g(x) are continuous on [a, b]. In the recent years a great deal of attention has been devoted to the study of variational iteration method given by He [6, 10, 12-18], for solving a wide range of nonlinear initial and boundary-value problems. We are using 12th order boundary-value problems (1, 2) to a system of two integral-differential equations. This system can be solved by using the variational iteration method. By this technique we can solve a wide range of N boundary-value problems. At the end of this paper some examples are given for N=12. By comparing our technique with the other methods (the exact solutions), we see that the effectiveness of this technique.

2. Variational Iteration Method

To illustrate the basis concept of the technique, we consider the following general differential equation L1u(x) + N1(u(x), v(x)) = p(x) L2u(x) + N2(u(x), v(x)) = q(x) (3) (4)

Where L is a linear operator, N a non linear operator and g(x) is the in homogenous term. According to variational iteration method, we can construct a correct functional as follows un+1(x) = un(x) + vn+1(x) = vn(x) + (t){L1u(t) + N1( (t){L2u(t) + N2( ), ), -p(t)}] dt , -q(t)}] dt , (5) (6)

Where 1 and 2 are general Lagrange multipliers, which can be identified optimally via variational theory [5, 11, 15, 16] .The second terms on the right hand side in (5) and (6) is called the correction and the subscript n denotes the nth order approximation. Under a suitable restricted variational assumptions (i.e. and are considered as the restricted variations), we can assume that the above correction functional are stationary (i.e. uk+1 = 0 and vk+1 = 0). Then the Lagrange multipliers 1 and 2 can be determined.

3. Numerical Problems:
In this section, by using the variational iteration method for solving integral differential equations and changing the problem (1) and (2) to a system of two integral-differential equations, to solve the 12th order boundary value problems (1) and (2). We use the same procedure of He [8] and first of all we consider the equation yn (x) = f(x, y). With boundary conditions: y(a) =a0 y(1)(a) = a1 y(2)(a) = a2 y(n-3)(a) = an-3 , y(b) =b0 y(1)(b) = b1 (7)

Let y(n-1)(x) =u(x) ,Then we have

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. . . .

Here we should mention that (11) is not known. Now we consider the system of integral-differential equations

We re-write the system (12) in the following form:

=f(x) + q(x) Where q(x) is given in (6) and

with the boundary conditions y(a) =a0 , y(b) =b0 , y(b) = b1 ,y(a)= b, Here A and B are unknown parameters which can be calculated by using the boundary conditions. By using (5) and (6) we construct the following correction functional: yn+1(x) = yn(x) + un+1(x) = un(x) + where (s)) and (s){ (s){ (s) (s) (s)) k(s)}] ds , (s))q(s)}]ds (s)) = 0, (s) = 0. The (16) (17)

(s)are considered as restricted variations, i.e.,

Lagrange multipliers, can be easily determined as 1 = 2 = -1 (18)

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International Journal of Advances in Science and Technology, Vol. 3, No.3, 2011 Now we get the following iteration: yn+1(x) = yn(x) un+1(x) = un(x) with the initial approximations u0(x) =b , y0(x) =y(a) For solving problems (1), (2), we use (8), (9) and (10) and substitute y(x), y(x),y(x),..y(n-1)(x) in the Esq.s. (1), (2) which implies a system of equations, similar to (12) (22) (21) { { (s) (s) (s)) k(s)}] ds , (s))q(s)}]ds . (19) (20)

Example1. Consider the following linear twelve-order problem

y(12) (x) + y2(x) = (exx2+x+12)ex with the following boundary conditions

Exact solution is y (x) = x e x Now by using (10), (11) equations, we have y(x) = x+ +F(u)

Where

and the initial conditions are

y(0)=1 , u(0) =b

By using (21), (22) and simplification we get series solution as follow: yn+1(x) =1+ + + + + +

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with the initial approximations

u0(x) =b, y0(x)=1

Consequently, by using Maple we obtain the following approximations: y1(x) =1+ + + + + +

+ u1 =b+2ex-2 Thus we obtain the solution as y1(x) =1+ + + + + +

+ The coefficients A, B, C, D, E, F, G can be obtained using the boundary conditions at x =1, A= 1.000015301, B= 0.9998515081, C = 1.001375656, D = 0.9892254790, E= 1.038976486, b = 1.367879445. By substituting A, B, C, D, E, b in equation the final solution is obtained as y(x) =1-0.9999940293x-0.1666764809x3+ -0.0001995486167x7+ -0.4088806105x11 -0.008328492451x5+

-0.208710-9x9+ +

Table 3.1(Error Estimate) x 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 Exact Solution 0.000000 0.110517 0.244810 0.404958 0.596730 0.824361 1.093270 1.409630 1.780430 2.213640 2.718280 Numerical Solution of VIM 0.000000 0.110517 0.244810 0.404958 0.596730 0.824361 1.093270 1.409630 1.780430 2.213640 2.718280 Errors of VIM 0.00000 5.1347810-16 5.2652310-14 7.6338910-13 4.94427 10-12 2.0783710-11 6.692410-11 1.800510-10 4.2557610-10 9.1176810-10 1.8075210-9

Table 3.1 shows the approximate solution obtained by (VIM) and error obtained by comparing it with the exact solution. Higher accuracy can be obtained by evaluating more iteration. Example 2. Consider the following linear twelve-order problem y(12) (x) - y(3) (x) = 2exy2(x) (17)

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with the following boundary conditions

Exact solution is y (x) = e x Now by using (10), (11) equations, we have y(x) = x+ +F(u)

Where

and the initial conditions are

y(0)=1 , u(0) =b

By using (21), (22) and simplification we get series solution as follow: yn+1(x) =1+ + + + + +

with the initial approximations

u0(x) =b, y0(x)=1

Consequently, by using Maple we obtain the following approximations: y1(x) =1+ + + + + +

+ u1 =b+2ex-2 Thus we obtain the solution as y1(x) =1+ + + + + +

+ The coefficients A, B, C, D, E, F, G can be obtained using the boundary conditions at x =1,

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International Journal of Advances in Science and Technology, Vol. 3, No.3, 2011 A= 1.000015301, B= 0.9998515081, C = 1.001375656, D = 0.9892254790, E= 1.038976486, b = 1.367879445. By substituting A, B, C, D, E, b in equation the final solution is obtained as y(x) =1-0.9999940293x-0.1666764809x3+ -0.0001995486167x7+ -0.4088806105x11 -0.008328492451x5+

-0.208710-9x9+ + Table 3.2(Error Estimate)

X 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

Exact Solution 1.000000000 0.904837418 0.818730753 0.740818221 0.670320046 0.606530659 0.548811636 0.496585304 0.449328964 0.406569659 0.3678794415

Numerical Solution of VIM 1.000000000 0.904837579 0.818731060 0.740818643 0.670320543 0.606531182 0.548812133 0.496585726 0.449329710 0.406569821 0.3678794412

Errors of VIM 0.00000 -1.6110-7 -3.0710-7 -4.2210-7 -4.97 10-7 -5.2110-7 -4.9810-7 -4.2210-7 -3.0710-7 -1.6110-7 3.0010-10

Table 3.2 shows the approximate solution obtained by (VIM) and error obtained by comparing it with the exact solution. Higher accuracy can be obtained by evaluating more iteration. Example 3: Consider the following linear twelfth order boundary value problem y12(x) = -12(2x cos(x) +11 sin(x) +y(x)), x With following conditions: [1, 1] (19)

= Exact solution is y (x) = (x2 1) sin(x). Now by using (10), (11) equations, we have the correct functional for the boundary value problem is given as

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International Journal of Advances in Science and Technology, Vol. 3, No.3, 2011 y(x) = x+ +F(u)

Where

and the initial conditions are

y(-1) = 0 , y(1) =b

By using (21), (22) and simplification we get series solution as follow: yn+1(x) =1+ + + + + +

we precede the above procedure from above equations; we get series solution as follow: The coefficients A, B, C, D, E and F can be obtained using the boundary conditions at x=1 A=31.7278, B=10.9123, C=55.7652, D=23.7394 E=86.616, F=41.1225. y(x) =-4.30162 10-8 x -5.92893 10-7 x2+1.16667x3-407051110-7 x4 -0.175x5+9.6087710-9 x6+0.00853175x7+602968110-10x8-0.000201166x9-7.5324310-12x10+2.779910-6x11 - 2.505210-8x13+1.5600210-10x15+O(x16) Comparison of the approximate solutions with exact solution is tabulated in Table 5.3 along with errors of VIM, revealing the high accuracy of the results from VIM. Once again, as stated in above examples, it is obvious that higher accuracy could be obtained without any difficulty. Table 3.3(Error Estimate) X -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Exact Solution 0.000000000 0.258248192 0.361371183 0.327111407 0.190722557 0.000000000 -0.190722557 -0.327111407 -0.361371183 -0.258248192 0.000000000 Numerical Solution of VIM -1.6000010-9 0.2582481925 0.3613711820 0.3271114041 0.1907225537 0.000000000 -0.1907225537 -0.3271114041 -0.3613711820 -0.2582481925 1.6000010-9 Errors of VIM -1.6000010-9 -2.0000010-10 -1.0000010-9 -3.0000010-9 -3.9000010-9 0.000000000 3.3000010-9 2.9000010-9 1.0000010-9 -5.0000010-10 1.6000010-9

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Table 3.3 shows the approximate solution obtained by (VIM) and error obtained by comparing it with the exact solution. Higher accuracy can be obtained by evaluating more iteration.

References
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