Management

Achieving the goals or objective through human resource is called

management.

Function of manager in organization

When ever a person become as a manager the function or responsibility of
manager are what.

1. Planning: setting the goals or object that how to achieve the goals.
2. Staffing: the manager should hire right person in the right job.
3. Leading: the manager must guide the staffs that how to work how
to present information what is the law.
4. Controlling: the manager must have control in all activities the
manager have a separate meting whit staff that what have you done
during last week.
5. Organizing: the hold Sid of management is organizing it means hot
to organize planning staffing and etc.

Data and Information

Data: data is something which we can saw we can touch it means data is
raw material.
1. Data: data is scientific terms for facts figures information and
processing data is a part of information.
2. Information: is data that has been processed in such away which is
communicated
3. Processing: step by step explanation is called processing.

Purpose of management
information
Management information is information supplied to managers for the
purpose of planning control and decision making.
And the purpose of management information is to manager the resource
efficiently.
1. Planning: to make the plan or setting goals of objective that how to
achieve the goals or objective.
 2. Controlling: when ever a manager make plan so after that the plan
needs to control that how is activity or work going on.
3. Decision Making: manager in all organization make decision and
decision always involve choice between alternative.
Choice alternative: means that from where I bring these goods from P or
R.
4. Recording Transaction: The manager must have a record of
transaction that what he sale and what he purchased.

The manager information is used for a

Wide variety of purpose

1. Pricing: when ever in our company all the things of product like
material labor other expense are available so on that time the manager
can price on goods base on their expense.
2. Valuing stock: The manager in each organization or in any company
can revise or can evaluate the stock.
3. Assessing profitability: The manager should check the price of good
that weather its o profit or in loss.
The feature of useful management
Information
1. Reliable: The manager should get information from right from
trusthood person that what is real happening in organization.
2. Timely: The information that manager wants it should be on time
( exact time)
3. Relevant: The information that managers want about each specific
point the information should be concerned to that article.
4. Complete: The information that manager wants from us that should
be complete no mistake in the information.
5. Accurate: the good information must be accurate it means it should
be complete.
6. Clear: The good information must be clear it means easy to use from
that.
Note: good management information is Reliable Timely Relevant.
.
Types of management information
1. Financial information: that involved money.
It means that by money we get information from any one or any where.
2. Non- financial information: that not involved money.

Types of management information

3. Financial information: that involved money.
It means that by money we get information from any one or any where.
4. Non- financial information: that not involved money.
It means we can get information free.
Assets
Simple we can tell that something that we have like house car apartment
is called assets
Capital
But capital is the invested a amount
Debit
Debit is something that we have.
Credit
Credit is something that we owe.
Revenue
When we sale or purchase something for first time is called revenue.
Note: we can get or take revenue from capital.
Note: we take gain from assets
EX: I bough a car $20000 and after one year I sold it $30000 so in
here $10000 is my gain.
Some simple examples
Revenue (commission) = 2000= 2000= is the money that I take as
revenue.
Cost food = 200
Cost Transportation=400 that I spent it
Cost giving bribe=800 other expense=200
1600= is spent by me
Revenue-expense=income or net profit
2000 - 1600 = 400
Budget: is something estimated. Budget for June month
Budget 1000
Trans 100 Budget-expense=Actual cost
 Food 50 spent by me 1000-710=290
Fees 60
Other EXP 500

The qualities of good information

Accurate
1) The qualities of good information should be accurate without any
mistake.
Complete
Good information should be complete
Cost effective / beneficial
It means that the information we get it should be economical we should be
it from near place.
User targeted
Relevant
Authoritative
Timely
It means the information should be available on time where they need.
Easy to use
The information should be presented easy and simply.

Management information

Internal information External information

Internal information: it means that how to get information internally.

1. proper system: we must have a proper system to collector

information through internet , website, E mail.
2. Informal communication: in informal time the manager should have
informal communication with staffs.
3. communication at all levels: that the manager must have a
communication with all staffs in the each case.

Internal Data Resurces

1. Ledger: is an individual A/C records for each person.
 2. Control over transaction: it means that we have control over staff
over sales over purchase and over all activity.
3. Personal linked with payroll:

A. payroll: show total salary and it mot given to staff it will

keep with human
Name of staff--------------------------
Position---------------------------------
For example
Job iD-----------------------------------
Salary-----------------------------------
Grade-----------------------------------

b .Pay slip: show the salary is calculated and it will given to staff.
For example: Salary ----------------------$1000
Tax -------------------------$200
Tran ------------------------$300
Insure------------------------$500
4. machinery and staff capacity: to check the capacity of machines
or staff
EX: When ever our company every day produce 500 bottle of Pepsi but
in this week the company is not able to make 500 bottle the company
make for example (400) bottle of Pepsi so on that time we should check
it that where is the problem.

5. Time spent: it means if we work over time they will record it

and base on that they will give salary.

Training: Focus on current job.

Development: focus on future job. Training is for purpose of

development.
 External information
Divided in two ways Routine ---- Non Routine

Rootine information :( it means always continues which

happen regular: like
1- Tax :
2- Legislation (enactment)
3- Research and development
4- Marketing: is advertisement of products to aware the
people.
5- Reporting: to make airport for each issues.
Non-Rootine information: the information which we get not
regular.
1- Media
2- Newspaper
3- TV
4- Radio
5- Internet
6- Other publication
External Data Source
We can also take information from bellow
substance.

And from active source like

1- mail 1- government
2- letter 2- library
3- ad voice 3-information bureax
4- advertisement 4-news paper, magazine
5-reference
6-internet
 Management Accounting
The purpose of management Accounting is to provide manager which
whatever information they need to help manager to manage their resource
efficiently. And take sensible decision.

1- Management Accounting is used internally that what happen

internally I mean within organization (planning, stuffing)

2- Management accounting there are now legal requirements. Base on

you organization law we do all works.

3- Management Accounting report is look fro past data and also future
data fro planning purpose,

4- Include the information which can help the management by proper

controlling and by proper decision making

5- Include bathe financial and non financial information. That when ever
we make a plan fro future we must take about budget.

Financial reporting
1- Is used externally. we give the financial report to government to other
Companies.

2- Legal requirement: it means base on legal requirement. base on some

regulation that what is be on credit or what is on debit we can not
bring any changes

3- Looking just for past data.

4- Include financial information like sales purchase, credit, and the

information which regard manage.

5- Defined period it means that after a defined or exact time the count in
bank are stop, and then ask how the cast is.
 Management Acounting and financial
Reporting
1- Coding: we use the coding structure for the purpose of having control
or record over transaction. Assests within organization. And its
combination of words, letter and number.

Coding is chart of Accounting.

7 2 1 /1
7 4 2 /10
7 5 3/20
7 8 4/100
2- Time sheet: it means base on your attendance that how money days your
absent and how money days your present and them they will give salary for
staff.

3-G.R.N: good received note: that when we received the good we will send
also received G.R.N.

4-Material Requisition Note: when ever a staff wants some

computer so he/she must have fist.M.R.N and sign it on that he /she will
receive the computers.

6- Policy Manual:(Roles, regulation, procedure)

When ever we submit the report so we should know the policy manual.

Cost center: is a physical location in organization which uses

resource like department, section of department.
Profit center: is a center which will collect information about profit
in cost.
Project: is a specific activity:

Limitation of cost and Management

accounting information
1- Reliable: it should be reliable it means .it should be trust hood

2- Time or frequency of the information:

if any manager or someone else want information from us we can not
give information every day we should give the information in defined
time when month or year end on that time we will give the information.

3-user-targeted: it any exact person like a manager, supervisor want

information we should give it fro that exact person not to some one else.

5- Cost concept: according to our budget we should deliver the

information. It should be equal to our cost.
6- Clear: the information should be clear, easy.

Cost Accounting
Is used for purpose of determining. The cost of products. The elements of
cost Accounting are as follow.

1-Material: base on material we should know that how much material

uses.

2- Labors: we should know that how much people work in

organization.
3- Other expense: are consist of some small expense which done.
 Function of cost accounting in organization
The cost accountant in responsible of all the above function to answer the
question.
For example: to answer that how much materials are used how many
labors work and answer some other question.

Cost of business activity

To answer profitability
Cost behavior