Tanty Arimbie - UAS - Antropologi Dan Sosiologi
Tanty Arimbie - UAS - Antropologi Dan Sosiologi
Kelas : 2023J
NIM : 23040704211
1. Jelaskan perbedaan mendasar antara Sejarah Sosiologi Perintis dan Sosiologi Masa Kini?
Jawaban :
Sejarah Sosiologi Perintis Sosiologi lahir pada abad ke-19 di Eropa, sebagai tanggapan atas
perubahan sosial yang terjadi pada saat itu, yaitu revolusi industri dan urbanisasi. Sosiologi
pertama kali dipelopori oleh Auguste Comte, yang dikenal sebagai "Bapak Sosiologi". Comte
berpendapat bahwa sosiologi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari masyarakat secara ilmiah.
Sosiologi pada masa awal perkembangannya, lebih menekankan pada aspek struktural
masyarakat. Sosiolog-sosiolog pada masa ini, seperti Comte, Herbert Spencer, dan Émile
Durkheim, melihat masyarakat sebagai sistem yang terdiri dari berbagai elemen, seperti
ekonomi, politik, dan budaya. Sosiologi pada masa ini juga lebih menekankan pada aspek
makro, yaitu mempelajari masyarakat secara keseluruhan.
Sosiologi Masa Kini Sosiologi masa kini telah berkembang pesat, tidak hanya dalam hal
teori, tetapi juga dalam hal metode penelitian. Sosiologi masa kini tidak hanya mempelajari
masyarakat secara struktural, tetapi juga mempelajari masyarakat secara fungsional, yaitu
mempelajari bagaimana masyarakat berfungsi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan anggotanya.
Sosiologi masa kini juga tidak hanya mempelajari masyarakat secara makro, tetapi juga
mempelajari masyarakat secara mikro, yaitu mempelajari masyarakat secara mendalam dari
sudut pandang individu atau kelompok kecil.
Objek kajian masyarakat secara keseluruhan. lebih beragam dan tidak hanya
Para sosiolog perintis percaya terbatas pada masyarakat secara
bahwa masyarakat adalah unit yang keseluruhan. Sosiologi masa kini
kompleks dan dapat dipelajari juga mempelajari berbagai aspek
sebagai suatu kesatuan. kehidupan sosial, seperti kelompok,
organisasi, dan institusi.
Metode Kualitataif dan kuantitatif Kualitatif, kuantitatif, dan campuran
penelitian
2. Jelaskan Sosialisasi menurut Berger (1978), Mead (1972) dan Coolen (1984)?
Jawaban :
3. Agents of socialization are the people, groups, and social institutions that affect one’s
selfconcept, attitudes, and behaviors. Agents of socialization teach people what society
expects of them. They tell them what is right and wrong, and they give them the skills they
need to function as members of their culture. What are the agents of socialization? Which
agents of socialization are most important?
Jawaban :
Agents of Socialization
Agents of socialization are the social groups and institutions that play a significant role in the
socialization process, shaping an individual's beliefs, values, attitudes, and behaviors. The
most commonly recognized agents of socialization include:
1. Family: The family is widely considered the most important agent of socialization.
Family members, particularly parents, are the first and primary socializing agents for
children. They teach children basic skills, values, norms, and social roles. Family
socialization profoundly influences a person's views, attitudes, and behaviors.
2. Schools and Daycares: Schools and daycares provide formal education and
socialization experiences. They teach academic knowledge, social skills, and cultural
values. Schools and daycares expose individuals to a diverse range of peers and
authority figures, contributing to their social development.
3. Peers: Peer groups, consisting of individuals of similar age and social status, have a
significant influence on socialization. Peers provide opportunities for social
interaction, friendship, and the development of social skills. They can shape an
individual's attitudes, behaviors, and preferences.
4. Media: Media, including television, movies, music, and the internet, plays a crucial
role in socialization. Media influences individuals' beliefs, values, attitudes, and
behaviors by providing information, shaping opinions, and presenting social norms
and cultural ideals.
It is important to note that the relative importance of these agents of socialization may vary
depending on cultural, social, and individual factors. However, the family is generally
considered the most influential agent of socialization, as it is the primary source of early
socialization experiences and the foundation for an individual's development.
In conclusion, the agents of socialization include the family, schools and daycares, peers,
media, religion, workplace, and government. While the family is often considered the most
important agent of socialization, each agent plays a unique role in shaping an individual's
social development and integration into society.