ADMINISTRATION OF THE EMPIRE: NUBIA AND SYRIA-PALESTINE

Political + Economic Aims: -> having secured borders, exploit resources + opportunities for trade -> era of military conquest fostered, demand for exotic goods of N and S -> Stimulated growth new social elites in military - religious - imperial admin N + SP Differences that effected aim + method of admin: -> N region suitable for colonization SP not suitable for colonization -> N long history relations based on conquest SP earlier relations based on trade -> N E admin structures more easily imposed SP Difficult; Complex political organ of indepnt city-states relations on treaties + power blocs Evidenced Difference Nubia colonial possession + extension of own eco system Cheifs of SP vassals, exercising autho over own towns -> Annals of Thut III clear distinction/diff of records of annual collections of revenue

Ahmose - Appointed loyal official to Wawat to control constant rebellions (forerunner of viceroy/gov of Nubia) - building fortification works Amehotep I - building fortification works - Viceroy of Kush: Thure

Hat + Thut III - Viceroy of Kush: Inebni

Thut III - annual tours inspection + tribute collect - constant campaigning - gaining oaths loyalty from rulers - garrisons + forts - hostages to ensure loyalty + Egyptianise them - appoint E viceroy to admin - envoys to foreign lands to keep communication open kings envoys to all foreign lands

Thut I - Viceroy of Kush: Thure

Amenhotep II - Viceroy of Kush: Usersatet

Thut II - temple-building Eg. Temple of Semna and Kumna

Thut IV

NUBIA -> strengthen existing forts -> estb E colonies clustered around temple-towns (garrisons) -> creation of imperial admin headed by Viceroy of Nubia - Wawat (Lower N) + Kush (Upper N) - control: N forts, military, collect taxes/tribute, building temple towns Debate: nature + dev N political and Social structures - NK relationship between N + E -> Eg. OConnor: E colonization of N not as oppressive as usually represented

SYRIA-PALESTINE Initiation: Thut III, after his military conquests Maintained: immediate successors Source problem: majority for E admin come from Armana age (100yrs later) when system more dev Redford: 4 key features -> Demolition + Deportation - demolish fortified centres resisting E + deport populations = maintain P as buffer zone protect E from invasion from North -> Confiscation - King + Amun estate: took over North P wheat-prod plains - For E traders + officials: coast of Phoenicia prov storehouses + shrine -> Political Arrangements - secure loyalty + cooperation of vassals via: -> admin of oath of loyalty Thut III Transl Yeivin Meggido camp promise to not return to evil deeds against Menkheperre by his restraint pharoah laid the cornerstone of Empire for a century - Wilson -> hostages children of vassal rulers + powerful local families Thut III Annals yr23 Megiddo camp brought as living prisoners children of the chiefsbrought to be strongholds in E - apart from this, rarely any interference in local-politics -> Permanent Presence - Thut III: rudimentary/simple admin -> E army marched forth regular basis = resident gov unnecessary - late reign: - stationing of troops; Gaza in S, Ullaza on N Phoe coast -> guard stores in harbours -> supervise cutting + transport timber -> keep local area under surveillance - early Amenhotep II: garrison to Ugarit

Feat of Admin System of Supervision

NUBIA
-> Complete reorgan under: Viceroy + Specialised E bureaucracy -> Integrate local cheiftans into E admin work -> Troops permanently stationed at all major forts (garrisons) -> Much of Wawat (Lower N) colonial subjects -> Areas far from E centres operated as vassals of E

SYRIA-PALESTINE
-> Local vassal rulers control own affairs -> Oaths of loyalty + hostaged children -> Civil admin assigned specific tasks as need arises -> End Thut III: Troops permant stationed at Gaza + Ullaza -> Vassal princes take oath loyalty but independent -> Obligation - collect + pay tribute - keep peace -> Initial campaigns of conquest -> punitive raids in event of rebellion -> Army - regular tribute collection - shows of force -> Demolish + deport rebellious towns -> Booty after military conquest -> Tribute collected + sent by local rulers

Status + obligations of conquered peoples

Military Activity

-> Initial campaigns of conquest -> punitive raids in event of rebellion -> maintn permnt systm fortresses Eg. Buhen - protect E interest

Economic Relationship

-> Annual harvest tax (similar to E) -> natural resources Eg. gold + ebony paid as tax

Building Activities

-> fortified temple towns -> extensive building = permanent control + Egyptianism Deliberate policy of control + Egyptianism: -> E settlers -> integration local chieftans -> imper admin -> educate Nubian princes in E

-> storehouses at Phoe ports - store grain etc. for shipment to E -> no evd for permant buildin/occupation No attempt to impose E political structures or customs Policy to ensure loyalty of vassals: -> Hostage taking (children of vassal princes)

Imperial Policy