Abdul Quorishy

Metabolism, Energy, and Life 1.Explain the role of catabolic and anabolic pathways in cellular metabolism. The catabolic is the breakdown of large molecules which result in the release of energy. The anabolic pathway consumes energy or takes in energy to build up complex molecules. 2. Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion and potential energy is the energy of position 3.Distinguish between an isolated and an open system. Explain why an organism is considered an open system. An open system is a system that interacts with its environment of its surroundings while a closed system is the opposite that does not interact with the outside enjoinment. Organisms are open systems because they interact with their surroundings. they transfer energy and transport materials from one another. 4.Explain the first and second laws of thermodynamics in your own words. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be made or destroyed. It can only be transferred from one other to another. The second law states that every time energy is transferred or transformed the entropy of the universe is increased. 5.Explain why highly ordered living organisms do not violate the second law of thermodynamics. 6.Write and define each component of the equation for free-energy change. The equation of free energy is Delta G = Delta minus T * Delta S. It states that Change in free energy is equal to the change in total heat minus the temperature in Kelvin times the change in entropy. 7.Distinguish between exergonic and endergonic reactions in terms of free energy change. In the exergonic reaction the change in free energy is negative while in endergonic reactions the change in free energy is positive. 8.Explain why metabolic disequilibrium is one of the defining features of life. 9. List the three main kinds of cellular work. Explain in general terms how cells obtain the energy to do cellular work. Three main kinds of cellular work are Chemical, transport and mechanical. In order to obtain the energy to do cellular work they have to manage energy resources by energy coupling which is the use of an exergonic process to power a endergonic reaction 10.Describe the structure of ATP and identify the major class of macromolecules to which ATP belongs. ATP consists of phosphate groups. These bonds can be broken up by hydrolysis. It also contains a adenine and ribose group. 11.Explain how ATP performs cellular work. ATP performs cellular work with the release of energy. The ATP makes energy when the phosphate group and the tail are broken down by hydrolysis. This energy is used for cellular work.