High Performance of Etisalat company

:Done by

Introduction
The UAE population has an unnatural sex distribution consisting of more than twice the number of males than females. The 15-65 age group has a male(s) female sex ratio of 2.743. UAE's gender imbalance is the highest among any nation in the world

followed by Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, and Saudi Arabia - all of which together comprise the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). The GCC states are also what most South and Southeast Asians refer to as the Gulf especially in context of emigration. The national language is Arabic, although English and several Asian languages are .widely used, particularly in commerce

The number of population

Demographics of the United Arab Emirates, Data of FAO, year 2005; Number of inhabitants in thousands. Population: 4.3 million (2004 EST.). The most of population whom are non-nationals. UAE citizens account for a little of the population, with the rest coming from the rest of the Arab world, the Indian sub-continent, the Far East, ...Europe and elsewhere The age structure of people whose age is between 0 and 14 years: 25.3% (male 331,269; female 317,977). Also, whose age is between 15and 64 years there age structure 71.1% (male 1,115,826; female 707,058). Finally whose age are 65 years and over: 3.6% (male 66,404; female 24,678) (2005 EST.). And the Population growth rate of UAE 1.52% (2006 est.) but the net migration rate: 0.84 .(.migrant(s)/1,000 populations (2005 EST Ethnic groups: Emiri (Emirati) 19%, other Arab, Iranian and Baluch 23%, South Asian (Pakistani, Indian,Bangladeshi,Sri Lankan) 50%, other expatriates (includes Westerners and East Asians) 8% (1982).The UAE citizens are less than 20% in 1982.In addition, birth rate of the UAE population which is 18.3 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) and death rate of the population 3.9 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.). The religions of population of the UAE which is Muslim 96% (Shi'a 16%), Christian, Hindu, and other 4% . The languages is Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu.The literacy of age 15 and over can read and write ,total population: 79.2% ,male: 78.9% ,female: 79.8% (1995 est.). Household income or .consumption by percentage share which is lowest 10% and highest 10%

Geographic shift in population

The 2005 statistics show that the population of UAE has gone up many folds. This has caused a significant demographic shift. The US State Department calculates the total population as 4.32 million. 85% of population is made up of immigrants while natives count for remaining 15%. Indians form the single largest expatriate ethnic group. Nearly all citizens are Muslims, approximately 85 percent of whom are Sunni and the remaining 15 percent are Shi'a Local observers estimate that approximately 55 percent of the foreign population is Muslim, 25 percent is Hindu, 10 percent is Christian, 5 percent is Buddhist, and 5 percent (most of who reside in Dubai and Abu Dhabi) belongs to other religions, including Paris, Baha'i, and Sikh. In late 2001, the .Ministry of Planning inquired about religious affiliation in its first federal census

Income UAE
The very fact that the UAE is 80 per cent expatriate makes the concept of salary different to most countries in that people's needs are somewhat different, and it would be safe to say that the worker here is more transient than permanent. Without going into the fine print of UAE Labor Law, we look at salary composition from your perspective so that you know what is normal to expect when receiving your contract or negotiating your package. The days of the UAE as a hardship posting are numbered. Dubai and Abu Dhabi are places where people elect to come to live due to the benefits of tax free living, diversity of life and year long sun. A stint in a different .part of the world is also of great benefit to your CV

Education
The UAE offers a fully-fledged educational system for both boys and girls from primary level to university, with education for the country's citizens being provided free through government schools, colleges and universities. There is also an extensive private education sector which now accounts for around 40 per .cent of the student population Over half a million students are now at school or in college, while several thousand students, of both sexes, are pursuing .courses of higher education abroad at Government expense Education from primary to secondary level is universal and compulsory and literacy rates are comparable to the norm in developed countries. An adult illiteracy programmed conducted in association with the UAE Women's Federation is helping to eradicate illiteracy among the older members of society. There is a strong focus on computer literacy and on English language teaching in higher education to equip young Emirates with the necessary .skills State-funded educational opportunities in the UAE have blossomed since the establishment of the Federation when only a tiny minority of the population had access to formal education. A comprehensive free education system is now available to all students, male and female. At the start of the 1999/2000 academic year, 336,135 students enrolled in over 640 government schools throughout the country. Substantial

progress has also taken place in the private sector which accounts for nearly 40 per .cent of the student population at kindergarten, primary and secondary level In addition the UAEs youth have ready access to higher education, both federallyfunded and at the many internationally accredited private institutions that are being established throughout the UAE. Generous grants are also available for those wishing .to study abroad

Educational Strategy
Although the UAE has achieved much in the field of education there is a real awareness that constant updating of policy and continual investment in infrastructure is required to ensure that graduates are properly equipped to enter the workforce and assist in the countrys development. To this end, the Ministry of Education has released a draft policy document outlining a strategy for educational development in the UAE up to the year 2020 based on several five - year plans. The strategy aims to introduce the latest information technology at all levels including a computer for every 10 students at kindergarten, every five students at primary school, every two students at preparatory school, and a computer for every student at secondary school. The primary focus of attention will be on the needs of students, especially through the promotion of self-learning and continuous education programs. T here will also be training programs for teachers since surveys have shown that although the majority of students can use computers and the Internet, their teachers we re less familiar with .this technology Cooperation between the public and private sectors at this stage in the countrys progress is considered to be essential and so the draft policy document features the establishment of a council for educational development, comprising senior education-alists, government officials and businessmen to assist in raising finance for infrastructure and information technology projects. It also envisages the setting up of a special fund comprising governmental .and private bodies The emiratisation of teaching staff is scheduled to reach 90 per cent by the year 2020, a necessary development if the UAEs Islamic .traditions and principles are to be safeguarded

Problems in the UAE Divorce (1

We have one problem in the UAE which is divorce. The divorce rate in the UAE has touched 46 per cent, the highest in the AGCC. The divorce is one of the most serious social problems in the UAE. For various reasons, it has become very common, and it .affects all levels of society In the past, divorce was quite rare. Today, however, a majority of marriages break up in the first few years. Divorce is a complex issue with more than one cause. There are .many causes of divorce. First, one of the main factors is the rapid change in society

Families in the UAE no longer stay together. People live away from their parents, and .women often work outside the home. The traditional rules of marriage have changed Second, factor is pressure to marry. Many young people rush into marriage. Their parents also often push young people into getting married. A third cause is unrealistic expectations and lack of preparation. The main emphasis is on the cost of the wedding, not on the difficulties of sharing life with another person. Married life is not .just roses and chocolates

Effects of Divorce
The high levels of divorce have had many effects on children, women and even the economy. The biggest effect is on children. Children of divorced parents often have social or emotional problems. They may lack support or care in the home, or have difficulties in the new family. They many even have problems at school or with the police. Women are also affected. It is difficult for a divorced woman to find someone to marry. They may also suffer from financial problems or from not being able to see .their children The men would be effect after divorce. Many men look for foreign wives or girlfriends in the hope of finding a suitable partner. However, they may also find it difficult to find someone else. They may also suffer from financial problems as a result of their divorce. In addition, they may have problems dealing with their .children

Some Solution for The divorce problem in the UAE

Firstly, any couple wants to married they should have enough information and .awareness of responsibility of marriage Secondly, the relationship of any couples should depend on understanding each other .respect each other, live in peace and love and facing the problem together Thirdly, No matter what problems a couple may face, as parents they need to handle .visiting arrangements peacefully to minimize the stress their kids may feel

(UAE's demographic imbalance 2

The UAE suffers from a deep demographic imbalance, which is getting worse by the .hour Some 360,000 people entered the county on work visas in 2006. According to 2005 population census, 8 out of 10 people living in the UAE were born abroad. If the current double digit annual economic growth continues, the percentage of non-citizen .will reach 90 per cent by 2015 Henceforth, by 2025, the citizens of the UAE will constitute zero per cent of the .population A county with a zero percentage citizens is unprecedented in modern history and will .make a new entry in the Guinness Book of Records

The demographic figures alone are frightening and raise serious issues regarding national identity, citizenship, residency, multiculturalism, sustainability and, ultimately, the question as to who is going to be in the driving seat of this rapidly ?globalizing society No easy answers are forthcoming and no frank discussion has taken place about the demographic dilemma facing the UAE. The problem is abundantly clear. But what is not so clear is what to do about it and how to effectively deal with its unintended .consequences for the sake of the future of the country All the solutions that have been floating around for the last 30 years turned out to be totally unrealistic. The few rather practical ideas put through to tackle the growing demographic problem received scant attention. The authorities relentlessly pursue a policy of double digit economic growth that only perpetuates the chronic .demographic imbalance

Increasing diversity
UAE has one of the most diverse populations in the Middle East. Since the mid1980s, people from all across South Asia have settled in the UAE. In fact, an estimated 85 percent of the population is comprised of non-citizens, one of the world's highest percentages of foreign-born in any nation [citation needed]. The high living standards and economic opportunities in the UAE are better than almost anywhere else in the Middle East and South Asia. This makes the nation an attractive destination for Indians, Pakistanis, and Bangladeshis along with few thousand of Nepal and Sri Lanka. In 2006, there were approximately 1.9 million Indian nationals, Bangladeshi nationals, and Pakistani nationals in the UAE, making them the largest expatriate community in the oil-rich nation. Persons from over twenty Arab nationalities, including thousands of Palestinians who came as either political .refugees or migrant workers, also live in the UAE

Some solution for UAE's demographic imbalance

Actually there are some solutions for imbalance population in the UAE like: encourage the local people to increase their birth by increasing their salary by 600 Dhs in each baby they will have. Also, encourage them to marry from their country by increasing their salary by 500 Dhs. In addition, the marriage fund gives every nation's .couple 70,000 Dhs in order to help them in their new life

3) UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN THE UNITED ARAB

Prior to the independence of the U.A.E., its economy was dominated by basic economic activities such as fishing and little agriculture. With the discovery of oil the economy expanded and the oil sector constitutes more than 35% of its GDP. In 2005,

the U.A.E. produced about 2.4 million barrels per day, 85% of it was produced by Abu Dhabi alone. The oil revenue allows the government to spend generously on infrastructure, education, and job creation. The rise of oil prices in the 1970s provided the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries with the financial resources which allowed for vast economic development programs that required influx of non-national labor. However, the drop in oil prices in the mid 1980s and the population growth made unemployment an issue in GCC countries. This paper reviews unemployment in the UAE and measures the unemployment rate in Abu Dhabi; the capital of the federation. A sample survey method is used for a randomly selected group of national families, applying the widely accepted definition of unemployment rate, which is the number for workers who are at the age of work and seriously seeking employment at the prevailing wages as a percent of the total civilian labor force. Then, results will be presented and analyzed with some policy implications.

UAE Unemployment: An Overview

The oil price boom of the 1970s resulted in vast economic development programs in the UAE and a shortage of national labor who are mainly employed in the public sector, which led to more reliance on imported labor. In the mid-1980s, the non nationals represented more than 80 percent of the total labor force (MENA Development Report 2004). The fall in oil prices in 1986 caused the share of nonnational labor to decline, and an increase in the numbers of nationals looking for jobs. This trend continued in the 1990s and the following years because of the demographic pressures. Unemployment in the UAE is considered one of the lowest in the world (Kawach 2002). It was found to be 2.4 percent by the end of 2001, where the estimated labor force was around 2.1 million and 2.0 million were employed. This figure does not account for the number of illegal expatriates entering the labor market on constant basis. Therefore the actual unemployment rate might be higher especially among nationals. Due to the increase in population and the expansion in the number of national graduates from universities and high schools, unemployment among nationals became an acute problem in recent years. Table (1) Shows unemployment rate by sex for nationals and non-nationals for the seven Emirates of the UAE by mid 2003. It indicates that the UAE unemployment rate for nationals stands at 10.4 percent, while the total unemployment rate (nationals and nonnationals) is 2.8 percent. It also indicates that the unemployment rate is higher in the case of females. It is 16.5 percent among female compared to 8.4 percent for male. Unemployment in the UAE has serious negative effects on both the society and the economy. The government will be under political pressure and will spend more on social benefits. The economy will be unstable and resources misallocated. As a result, the government set a new labor policy to place nationals in public as well as private sector jobs, which were previously filled by non-emaratis. This policy focused on a particular sector, such as finance, in order to achieve a target of 30 percent nationalization. According to the Ministry of Planning, the number of employed nationals did not exceed 9 percent of the total labor force in 2003. This shows the lack of the proper 7

qualifications of nationals to match labor market requirements. To overcome such a structural problem in the 2 labor market, the government asked the educational institutions to close the gap between academic programs and labor market through practical and specialized training. Unemployment in UAE is concentrated among youth, where more than 50 percent of total unemployment is between those with an intermediate level of education and low level of skills. As far as Abu Dhabi is concerned, the unemployment rate for nationals as estimated by the Ministry of Planning at around 6.5 percent in mid 2003. This estimate is the lowest compared to the rest of the UAE Emirates, but it is projected to increase this year and the following years if the federal or local government didn't take proper practical action, especially with regards to reforming the education and training system. On the individual basis, the nationals will lose their earnings and self esteem and will accumulate debts or reduce their spending power.

Estimating the Unemployment Rate in Abu Dhabi

A sample survey analysis is used to estimate the unemployment rate in Abu Dhabi. The questionnaire is designed to cover the geographical area of Abu Dhabi. The unemployed are the nationals aged between 16 and 60 years old and who are looking seriously for jobs and excluding part-time workers. The survey obtains the necessary information on age, sex, level of education. Family size, employed and unemployed members of the family, and reasons for not being employed, duration of unemployment, and types of jobs preferred. The survey was conducted through mail distribution, phone calls, and personal interviews on 500 families. The face validity of the questionnaire was tested by obtaining expert opinions from academics and government officials from the Ministry of Labor. The reliability of the sample selected was tested by Cronbachs Coefficient Alpha(0.83), and the degree of confidence of the sample survey is tested using t .statistics, which averaged 2 at 0.05 level of confidence

Some Solution for Unemployment in the UAE

Unemployment is a complex issue that has no easy solution. We have to find out the reasons and solve them in a scientific manner. With a booming population in the region, an estimated 40 million job seekers are expected to enter the labor market within the next decade. This would require governments to be far more creative than ever before to absorb this growing influx. Handouts and subsidies to nationals would no longer be able to fill the gap, and would tax the respective governments far more than effective employment programs. Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al-Maktoum of the UAE recently stated in Jordan: Our region needs at this moment 15 million job opportunities, and our Arab world will need in the next 20 years between 74 to 85 million job opportunities.

We need to develop the infrastructure so we can create jobs, he added.

Conclusion
In a summary: We discussed the demographic of UAE in tow Parts. The first part was talking about the population, nation's income and education in the UAE. In the second part we discussed three common problems in the UAE like: The Divorce, The Imbalance population and The Unemployment in the UAE. We noticed in the last years that the effects of the three problems have been increased may be because they are difficult issues or does not have enough care from the government.

Reference
Dr. Reem M, Albuainain, Researcher and Executive Manager, The General Women Union,
www.CIA.gov http:emn.wikipedia.org/wiki/demographics-0f-the-united-Arab-Emirates

-http://www.grapeshisha.com/UAE-salary-structure-and-components.htm
- AL- Kaleej newspaper