Evolution of Modern Wireless Communication Systems & Networks

Sumeet Gupta Assistant Professor, SECE Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra

Classification of Wireless Networks

Depending upon Geographical Coverage
Personal Area Network (PAN) Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) Low Tier Wireless Systems Public Wide Area Cellular Systems

Personal Area Networks (PAN)

Generally coverage area of 10-50m Primarily indoor usage Low Cost, Low Power Radio System Objective to replace wires for communication between devices within an indoor space Works on 2.4GHz ISM E.g. Bluetooth Standard - IEEE 802.15 Short Range WPAN

Low Tier Wireless Systems

Coverage area of 100-500m outdoor and 30m indoor. System connects a telephone handset wirelessly with base station
Cordless Telephone, 2nd Generation (CT2) Digital European Cordless Telecom (DECT) Personal Handy Phone Systems (PHS) Personal Access Communication Systems (PACS)

Cordless Telephone, 2nd Generation (CT2)

Wireless Handset connecting to Base Station connected to landline Distance typically 100m outdoor, 30 m indoor Useful only for voice communication and not Data Communication Used in Europe & USA

Digital European Cordless Telecom (DECT)

Designed in 1993 by ETSI for Domestic & Corporate usage Supports both Circuit Switched Voice & Data Services 32 KBPS, 1900MHz, 10 Carriers Uses FDMA, TDMA & TDD Encryption with Standard Cipher utilized for security

Personal Handy Phone Systems (PHS)

Cordless telephone working in 1880-1930 MHz band Cellular approach, supports Handover Cells are small with areas of 10-100m which makes it difficult to support fast mobile users Developed as alternative to GSM in Japan Uses TDMA/TDD to support 384KBPS data rate

Personal Access Communication System (PACS)

Developed in USA in 1992 to provide wireless access to local exchange carriers Provides Voice, Data, Video Service for indoor & outdoor micro-cell Range of about 500m

Public Wide Area Wireless Networks

Public Commercial wide area mobile networks over large geographical areas supporting mobile users
1st Generation Wireless Networks 2nd Generation Wireless Cellular Networks 2.5G Wireless Networks 3G Wireless Networks 4G Wireless Networks

1G Wireless Networks
Started in 1980 based on analog Radio Transmission and circuit switched techniques Analog FM used for Speech Transmission FDMA used with individual calls using different frequencies E.g. AMPS, NMTS, TACS, NTT Supports data rates of about 8-10 KBPS

2G Wireless Cellular Networks

Cellular Concept introduced with digital multiple Access technology TDMA, CDMA. Higher Radio System capacity and Spectrum Utilization Efficiency Supports roaming between networks Supports circuit switched voice comm & mobile Data & Internet Services Data Rate of 9.6KBPS

2G Wireless Cellular Networks Major Standards

2G

GSM in Europe

IS 136 in USA (Based on TDMA)

IS 95 in Americas Based on CDMA

2.5G Wireless Networks

Three Wireless Network Types
General packet Radio Services (GPRS) on GSM Enhanced Data Rate for Global GSM (EDGE) cdmaOne, IS95B

2.5G Wireless Networks Major Standards

2.5G

GPRS on GSM

IS 95B, cdmaOne
EDGE

GPRS
GPS is aradio technology for GSM networks that adds packet switching protocols and shorter setup time for Internet Connection Different paths for voice & Data Transmission Voice Transmission is Circuit Switched Data Transmission is Packet Switched

EDGE
Radio based high speed mobile data standard that allows high data transmission rates of 384kbps using all 8 timeslots in GSM Requires minimal change in GSM networks since same TDMA structure is used

3G Wireless Networks
Objective to deliver higher data rates for voice and data transmission Support IP based Data, Voice & Multimedia Services with integration to Internet Improved interoperability to handle mobility across different technologies Real Time Voice, Non-Real Time Video QoS

3G Wireless Networks Major Standards

3G

UMTS Group

Cdma2000 group

3G Wireless Networks Major Standards

3G

UMTS (WCDMA) based on GSM

cdma2000 group