intare: by yang baru ahie From birth, infants naturally show a preference for human contact and interaction, including faces and voices. These basic predispositions to social stimuli are altered in individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A new study conducted by researchers at the Yale University Schoo! of Medicine now reports that 6-month-old infants later diagnosed with autism divert their gaze from facial features when that face is speaking. One of the best ‘methods to examine autism in very young infants is the use of eye-tracking, This technology uses advanced video monitoring and special software that tracks and ‘maps’ exactly where the eyes are focused and for how long. Dr. Frederick Shic and his colleagues used this, method to examine how 6-month-old infants looked at videos of still, smiling, and speaking faces. The infants were later assessed at 3 years of age and divided into groups based on their diagnosis of ASD, other developmental delays, or typical development. Infants who later developed ASD not only looked at all faces less than other infants, but also, when shown a face that was speaking, looked away from key facial features such as the eyes and mouth in as pra: dapnsa dpa ayia len haan autre seta cemeraan degen eek “These results suggest that the presence of speech disrupts typical attentional processing of faces in those infants later diagnosed with ASD," said Shic. "This is the first study to isolate an atypical response to speech as a specific characteristic in the first half year after birth that is associated with later emerging ASD," These findings indicate that infants who later develop ASD have difficulty maintaining attention to relevant social information as early as 6 months of age, a phenomenon that could reduce the quality of their social and. ‘communicative exchanges with others and, consequently the trajectory of their social development. it: ik bavi mengslami gee autsme Seok usia 6 buon besar kemungkinan ola mengidap ASO ‘Autism typically can't be diagnosed until at least two years of age, but this and other studies. confirm that abnormalities in behavior and attention can be detected as early as 6 months of age. "It seems clear that brain changes related to autism appear much earlier than we traditionally diagnose this disorder,” commented Dr. John Krystal, Editor of Biological Psychiatry, "This study elegantly illustrates that autism-related disturbances in social relatedness are present very early in life, shaping one’s most fundamental social contacts." int auisme yang detest pt sia 2h Kn dp dietoks pt sia 6 Bulan ‘These affected infants may be experiencing an altered social experience at a critical developmental point. The hope is that this and further research can help clarify how and When the developmental trajectory is altered in children who develop autism and, potentially, develop targeted interventions that could normalize their developmental processes. menemukan semacam feep supaye anak2 autism dp hidup dengan normal dan bercomuikasi dan bak The author's purpose in writing this article is to Compare typical children and children that develop autism at early age. llustrate the advanced research in psychiatry due to modern technology. Argue that autistic infants should receive special treatment from their family. ‘explain that autism can be detected early by using an eye-tracking test on infants, inform that infants with autism have difficulties in identifying people's intentions. moog>s 2. The word “atypical” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to A. Illegal B, Unusual C. Important D. IrregularE. Impossible 3. According to the text, infants with ASD ... Gazed at faces more frequently than typical infants. Stared at all faces without noticing their key features. ‘Were more attracted to smiling faces than speaking faces. Avoided looking at main facial features of speaking faces. Diverted their gaze from speaking faces and smiling faces, rmenghindar Kontak mata dari lwanbicera 4. Itcan be inferred from the passage that the research ‘Succeeded in revealing new important information about autism diagnosis, Managed to discover the reasons autism causes changes in children’ brains. Found why autism at an early stage was easier to detect than at a later stage Convinced parents to send their 6-month-old babies to get the eye-tracking test. Required many years of observation and collaboration with various researchers. moom> moomp> 5, According to the text, which of the following is NOT expected from research on autism? Shed light on how autistic children have different developmental processes. Design involvement plan for children with autism to normalize their progress. Explain the time children with autism develop differently from typical children. Come up with solutions how to return autistic children’s development to normal Clarify the effects of autism on children and their relationships with the parents moog> Ecologist Dr. Barry Commoner says that ecology has not yet developed specific laws, as has physics. But suggests four generalizations that have resulted from ecological research on ‘ecosystem. These might be considered as an informal set of laws of ecology. The four generalizations are (1) Everything is connected to everything. This means, everything plays a part in the endless cycles of ecosystem. (2) Everything must go somewhere. This implies that there is no such thing as waste in nature. What is given off by one organism as “waste” is taken up by another organism as food. (3) Nature knows best. The explains the changes having occurred over billions of years, which have made up the delicately balance ecosystem that we have today. For every organic substance produced by a living organism, nature has provided an enzyme capable of breaking down that substance. Nature takes care of all natural materials, both organic and inorganic. (4) There is not such thing as “a free lunch*, meaning that all life in nature lives at the expense of some other life. 6, That is the main idea of the passage? Ecology has not yet developed specific laws, one Physics has developed specific laws. ‘The four generalization resulting from ecological research on ecosystems. Natural laws of ecology Ecological research as the developed of ecosystems moom>rmenggurakan internet unlsk mengaiasi masaleh ubanisas tk mempermuan perencanaan tata wieyah dan tata guna aban ‘A forgotten issue in urbanism is land use during the night time, with problems such as noise and dirt, which could be improved with information from Twitter. At least this is what Enrique and Vanessa Frias-Martinez believe, computer science researchers at Telefonica Research and the University of Maryland (USA) respectively, who have suggested using geolocalized tweets for urban planning and land use. gn geolocaizes tweets berguna uriuk memberkan informasi perencanaan dgnjumlah orang yang banhyak tp waktu spsifk Enrique Frias-Martinez explained that geolocalized tweets can be a very useful source of information for planning since it is an activity carried out by a large number of people who provide information on where they are at a specific time and what they are doing. The researcher points out that thanks to the increased use of smartphones, social networks like ‘Twitter and Facebook have made it possible to access and produce information ubiquitously. dikelompokkan meni! berbaglkrteia dan csatukan cm 1 yah don pattem yg sama imana-dinana ‘These networks generate tags with the event's geolocation. The new technique “automatically determines land uses in urban areas by grouping together geographical regions with similar patterns of Twitter activity," says the researcher. Using aggregate activity of tweets, the Frias-Martinez siblings have studied land use in Manhattan, Madrid and London. In the first two cases they identified four uses: residential, business, daytime leisure (mainly parks and tourist areas) and nightlife areas. The study has determined that, in Madrid, night-time tweet activity is concentrated on weekends and in Manhattan, on weekdays. On the other hand, London is characterized by its tweeting activity in daytime leisure areas 7. The author's purpose in writing the passage is to, ‘A. Compare facebook and twitter users in terms of geolocation tags B, Argue that social networks do not necessarily reflect user's activities C. Persuade people to stop using geolocation tags to protect their privacy D. Inform the possible use of twitter data for studying and planning land use E. illustrate the urgency of solving various problems conceming urban planning, 8. The tone of this passage is A. Harsh kasar Neutral ret Critical ket . Didactic mendis B. c. D. E, Satirical sat.gained: merainateumendapat gluten ity cuma bagien das protein yang ade ban Ese ingan Although gluten has gained a bad reputation, the majority of people would struggle to explain what it actually is. The truth is that gluten is just a mixture of proteins found in the seeds of certain cereal plants: wheat, rye and barley. Gluten is stored in a tissue inside the seed called the endosperm, which surrounds the plant embryo and provides a dense source of energy as the plant starts to grow. In wheat, gluten is formed when the proteins glutenin and gliadin cross-link into a net-like structure that provides elasticity (stretchiness) and viscosity (thickness). surround: kein ‘Once food reaches the stomach it must be broken down by enzymes in the process of digestion. Large proteins are broken up into chains of amino acids called peptides, Normally these peptides are easily broken down further; however, the gliadin peptides in gluten are difficutt to break down as they are part of a group of peptides called prolamins, Prolamins are made up of lots of glutamine and proline amino acids, which digestive enzymes have difficulty breaking up. This means that unlike most proteins gluten digestion can leave strands of amino acids intact in the small intestine. These strands can be up to 10 amino acids long and are known as oligopeptides. For most people gliadin oligopeptides are harmless. However, a small proportion ofthe population will produce an immune response known as coeliac disease, a condition caused by the body'simmune systems mistakenly attacking itself, Coeliac disease is caused by a reputation to gluten, inolransghten 9, According to the passage, which of the following statements is FALSE Most people are actually unsure about gluteniue Coealiac disease occurs in many people Endosperm is a food reserve tissue inside the seeds Endosperm nourishes the developing embryo Gliadin is a protein difficut to digest moom> 10, What is the author's purpose in writing this passage.. A. To evaluate a gluten diet B, To provide the readers with facts about gluten C. To persuade the readers to reduce that gluten consumption D. To describe function of gluten to readers E. To reaffirm the readers’ existing belief about glutenadolescence: remaja continuous: Bonus: 1 The following paragraph most likely discusses. moog> kesinambungan Child development refers to the biological, psychological and emotional changes that ‘occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy. It is a continuous process with apredictable sequence yet having a unique course for every child. It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding types of development, Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal_ life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development. Child care programs present a critical opportunity for the promotion of child development. Developmental change may occur as a result of genetically-controlled processes known as maturation, or as a result of environmental factors and learning, but most commonly involves an interactionbetween the two. It may also occur as a result of human nature and our ability to leam from our environment, ‘What genetic factors affect child development Each developmental stage - following: paragrat berkunya bakalan bahas apa How children adjust to their environment proceeding: paragra sobelimnys, i bahas aps Emotional changes that might occur in a child Stages in child development