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SAFETY

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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Throughout this manual the emphasis is upon the importance of safety at work. To many people this conception still conjures up images of hard helmets and other devices to protect against physical hazards, while the more insidious and sometimes more dangerous effects upon health of exposure to toxic chemicals are often overlooked. Chemicals may have acute or chronic effects. The more dangerous chemicals have threshold limit values (TLV) recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). These limits are expressed in ppm (parts per million). Many countries adopt the ACGIH TLVs for their own use, but others, such as the UK, Germany or Netherlands are developing there own limit values recognized by different abbreviations (e.g. RL - recommended limits, CL - control limits in the UK; MAK or MAC values - maximum acceptable concentration. In future there will be a harmonized list of exposure standards for adoption by the EEC countries. All chemicals in the EEC must have on each container a label bearing the name of the material, its origin, the danger symbols, and the risk phrases. The inclusion of safety phrases on labels of small containers is still optional for low risk materials.

DANGER OR WARNING SYMBOLS Toxic substances are those offering a serious risk of acute or chronic poisoning by any route. Harmful substances are those which call attention to a risk. Corrosive substances are those which destroy tissues. Flammable substances are those with a flash point of between 21C and 55C; highly flammable have a flash point between 0C and 21C; extremely flammable have flash points below 0C. Irritant substances are those which can cause inflammation.

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HANDLING PRECAUTION FOR EPOXY RESIN MATERIALS Epoxy materials are reactive chemicals which require correct handling to ensure that they are safely. The hazards raised in the handling of epoxy materials may be classified as: 1. Fire hazard associated with solvent containing products. Certain of these are highly flammable. SOME EPOXIES ARE INFLAMMABLE DONT TAKE A CHANCE ON IGNITION

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HANDLING PRECAUTION FOR EPOXY RESIN MATERIALS Irritation due to contamination of the skin or eyes. The effect may be occur by contact with a liquid or solid uncured material - or by exposure to its vapor or dust.

DONT INHALE VAPOURS DONT BE UNTIDY DONTALLOW DIFFERENT JOBS IN THE RESIN WORK AREA

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HANDLING PRECAUTION FOR EPOXY RESIN MATERIALS Toxic effects due to ingestion or to absorption through the skin. DON.EAT, DRINK OR SMOKE IN THE WORK AREA

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HANDLING PRECAUTION FOR EPOXY RESIN MATERIALS Irritation to the eyes, nose, throat and lungs by dust from the machining or fully cured material.

DONT EXPOSE YOURSELF TO DUST DONT MACHINE WITHOUT WEARING CLOTHING AND DUST MASK OR RESPIRATOR PROTECTIVE

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HANDLING PRECAUTION FOR EPOXY RESIN MATERIALS Provided that direct contact with resin materials is avoided and good ventilation is maintained, operators should be remain free of any skin, eye or respiratory irritation. PROVIDE SAFE AND CLEAN WORK AREA

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HANDLING PRECAUTION FOR EPOXY RESIN MATERIALS TRANSPORT AND STORAGE When not in use, materials should be stored in sealed containers and away from food, food containers and clothing. DO KEEP CONTAINERS FIRMLY CLOSED AND NEATLY STACKED - IN THE DRY AND AWAY FROM HEAT SOURCES.

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HANDLING PRECAUTION FOR EPOXY RESIN MATERIALS REMOVAL OF SPILLAGES Materials should be kept in securely closed containers, and particular care should be taken to avoid leakage or spillage. In the event of any such escape of liquid materials, the spillage should at once be taken up with sand, cotton waste, sawdust, paper towels or other absorbent material, and the contaminated material taken to a safe place until disposal. Spillages of powder or granular materials should be covered with damp sand and transferred carefully into containers for removal, the area then cleaned by vacuum, with the spillage cleared away, the contaminated area should be washed clean with detergent solution, preferable hot. In the event of a serious spillage which enters public drains or waterways, the local Water Authority must be informed immediately, and the police should be notified. Particular care is necessary to avoid any possible risk of contact with foodstuffs and food utensils. DONT ALLOW TO SPILL DONT BE CARELESS. SOAK UP ACCIDENTAL SPILLAGES IMMEDIATELY WITH SAND, SAWDUST, PAPER TOWELS, ETC. AND WASH THE AREA CLEAN.

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HANDLING PRECAUTION FOR EPOXY RESIN MATERIALS ROAD TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY LABELS Outer containers of hazardous resin materials have to carry a Road Transport Emergency Label stating in concise terms the hazards inherent in the particular material and the immediate and follow-up actions to be taken in the event of an emergency. The label also lists personal protective equipment to be carried in the vehicle when conveying the material. Low- hazard resin materials in single containers 200 liters or above likewise carry Road Transport Emergency Labels setting out the actions to be taken in the event of an emergency. Rating the hazards as minor, the label for these materials also serve as a reassurance to local authorities. STORAGE OF DANGEROUS MATERIALS Certain solvent-containing materials are highly flammable and the containers are marked with a torch symbol on an orange background, signifying a flashpoint below 21C. Care must be taken to ensure the observance of the relevant regulations. Likewise, certain polyamine hardeners are corrosive and their containers are marked with a pictogram showing, on an orange background, the effects of corrosion.

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HANDLING PRECAUTION FOR EPOXY RESIN MATERIALS PLACE OF WORK Good general ventilation, cleanliness and tidiness in workshops are essential. Effective local ventilation is necessary to avoid contact or inhalation of vapor, fumes or dust. Handling of resin materials should take place only in areas designated for this work. VENTILATION Whenever undertaken indoors, the mixing of resin materials should be carried out in workshops equipped with a good general ventilation system. In addition, fume cupboards or efficiently ventilated bench-type hoods should be provided for the actual mixing. Use of the prepared mixtures should likewise be confined to areas provided with efficient mechanical exhaust ventilation. Exhaust ventilation of curing ovens must be maintained in good condition so that operators, when opening ovens, do not expose the sensitive skin areas of face and neck to the hot fumes. Certain resin materials give off highly flammable vapors. Ventilation systems used to extract these vapors must not provide a means of ignition. The motors and associated wiring must be flame proof, or located in a safe place, or pressurized to prevent the ingress of flammable vapor. WHERE HOT CURING - DO USE AIR CIRCULATING OVENS WITH EXHAUST SYSTEMS TO PREVENT EXPOSURE OF FACE AND NECK TO HOT GASES. DONT CURE IN LASH-UP OVENS.

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HANDLING PRECAUTION FOR EPOXY RESIN MATERIALS MACHINING OF CURED MATERIALS Whenever the fully cured or hardened material is to be machined (sawn, filed, etc. ), the equipment should be provided with an effective local extraction system. Operators should wear eye protection and a dust mask protection to nose and mouth. DO USE EFFECTIVE LOCAL EXTRACTION, SET UP SO THAT THE AIRFLOW IS AWAY FROM YOU.

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HANDLING Resin materials in an uncured stage are reactive by their nature. General Handling techniques must ensure that no uncured material resin material comes in contact with the eyes or skin. Operators should wear gloves, overall, eye protection and, when there is a risk of forming dust cloud, protection for the nose and mouth. Any skin abrasions must be covered to eliminate the possibility of accidental contact with the materials. Adequate facilities for washing are essential. They should be provided at or very near the place of work so that accidental contamination can at once be removed from the skin. Washing accommodation should be kept clean and be provided with a plentiful supply of clean running warm water, soap, skin cream and disposable towels. Benches should have impervious surfaces and, whenever practical, be protected by a disposable cover - e.g.. paper, aluminum foil or plastics- for replacement when contaminated. Waste bins should be equipped with lids and with replaceable liners. All the waste material should be deposited directly into the bins.

DO DISCARD HEAVILY CONTAMINATED ARTICLES IN A PROPER RUBBISH BINS. DO USE VENTILATION PROVIDED. DO DISPOSE OF EMPTY CONTAINERS AND WASTE MA TERIAL DIRECTLY INTO WASTE BINS.

IF CONTACT OCCURS: DO WASH IMMEDIATELY WITH SOAP AND WARM WATER. KEEP CLEAN! DO CHANGE CLOTHES THATGET CONTAMINATED. DONT DELAY! KEEP CLEAN! DO WASH HANDS,ARMS WITH SOAP AND WARM WATER BEFORE RELIEF PERIODS - BEFORE EATING.

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CLEANING OF TOOLS Mixing and application equipment must be cleaned before the resin material have hardened. Acetone, Isopropanol and MEK are suitable cleaning solvents. PROTECTIVE CLOTHING Operators should be provided with protective clothing and equipment to minimize personal contact with the uncured materials. Operators should wear: Gloves The following types of gloves are in standard use with resin materials: nitrile rubber, natural rubber, surgical rubber or polyethylene disposable. The nature of work will determine the choice of gloves. The inside of the gloves must be kept clean. Damaged gloves must be replaced. For operators commencing a long word period: It is advisable to wear cotton gloves under the protective gloves. The inner cotton gloves will reduce the risk of skin irritation due the sweating. The cotton gloves should be changed regularly at the end of each work period before removal, the protective gloves should be cleaned with soap and warm water. Eye protection Safety spectacles are the minimum standard of eye protection. In work areas where dust clouds, fumes, vapors, mists or splashes are not removed by a local extraction system, operators should wear goggles or a visor.

Overalls and heavy-duty aprons Overalls are essential for all operators engaged in continuous processes. In some instances, heavy-duty plastics or rubber aprons may be required for added protection. When powder resin materials, fillers or glass fibres are in use, operators should take measures to prevent any risk of these materials lodging between clothing and the skin. Overalls should be changed frequently and regularly. Protection against dust inhalation The handling of powder resin materials, fillers, glass or carbon fibres makes it necessary to take precautions against the inhalation of dust. When there is a risk of dust of a hazardous resin material, operators should wear protective respiratory equipment, i.e. high-efficiency dust masks which either remove contaminates with filters or provide clean air from an uncontaminated source. Barrier creams A barrier cream, applied to the skin before work, offers a useful addition to protective clothing. The use of barrier creams must not be considered as an alternative to the wearing of protective gloves. Cleansing of the skin The skin should be thoroughly cleansed as a standard routine: after work before eating and drinking before smoking before using the lavatory 26

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Cleansing of the skin (cont) Routine cleansing necessitates washing with soap and warm water. Following this, a resin-removing cream should be used, followed by further washing to remove remnants of the cream from the skin. Solvents should be avoided. Disposable paper towels, not cloth towels, should be used to dry the skin. As repeated hand washing and use of cleansing cream tend to cause skin dryness, it is advisable to use a skin reconditioning cream after work. DO KNOW WHERE THE NEAREST EYE BATH, SINK WITH RUNNING WATER, AND FIRE EXTINGUISHER ARE LOCATED. DO COVER WORKBENCH WITH DISPOSABLE METAL FOIL OR PAPER SHEET. DO PUT ON PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND GLOVES AND EYE PROTECTION. DO BE CLEAN AND STAY CLEAN

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EMERGENCY ACTION FIRST-AID PROCEDURES Skin contact Immediately remove liquids from the skin by wiping with disposable paper towels (remove powders by brushing), then cleanse the affected skin area with resin removing cream, followed by washing with warm soapy water. DO NOT USE SOLVENTS. DONT ... WASH WITH POWERFUL SOLVENTS. Eye contamination or irritation Immediately flush the affected eye with eyewash bottle or fountain, or with low pressure running water, for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention promptly. Inhalation Operators affected by the inhalation of powders or fumes, vapors, mists, droplets, etc., should be taken immediately into fresh air and made to rest while medical attention is called. Clothing Remove and isolate contaminated overalls and clothing. DO REMOVE WORK CLOTHING. PUT A SIDE CONTAMINATED CLOTHES FOR WORKS ORGENISED LAUNDERING. DONT TAKE CONTAMINATED CLOTHING HOME FOR LAUNDERING. Ingestion (entry by mouth and swallowing) Immediately rinse the mouth with water. If swallowing has occurred, drink plenty of water. Seek medical attention promptly. Fires If any resin material catches fire, use either a carbon dioxide, dry powder, foam or vaporizing liquid extinguisher, or apply water spray. Do not use water jets. Avoid the products of combustion while putting out the fire. In a serious fire it may be necessary to wear a self-contained breathing apparatus.

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