MI 0034 Database Management Systems

Contents Unit 1 DBMS [Database Management System] Unit 2 Database Core Concepts and Application Unit 3 Record Storage and Primary File Organization Unit 4 Index Structures for Files Unit 5 Entity-Relationship Model Unit 6 Relational Algebra Unit 7 Relational Calculas Unit 8 SQL Edition: Fall 2007

1 13 29 51 63 80 102 109

Unit 9 Functional Dependencies and Normalization for Relational Databases Unit 10 Transaction Processing Unit 11 Concurrency Control Techniques Unit 12 Recovery Techniques Unit 13 Distributed Database Unit 14 Object Relational Database Unit 15 Security and Integrity Appendices Appendix I Bibliography

144 164 179 185 192 201 217 225

PREFACE Database management has evolved to a central component of a modern computing environment, in this context; knowledge about database systems has become an essential part of an education in computer science. In this text, the fundamental concepts of database management like database design, database languages etc. have been presented. This text comprise of ten units as mentioned below: Unit 1: The concept of database management systems has been explained. The advantages of database management systems over traditional file systems have been highlighted. Unit 2: The database core concepts of data model, schemas, instances, and data independence have been discussed along with their respective importance. The various DBMS components and classification of database management systems have been described. Unit 3: The various secondary storage devices, the different ways and means of record storage and record retrieval have been explained. Unit 4: The different types of indexes and their importance in retrieval of records have been described. Unit 5: The concepts of Entity-Relationship (E-R) Model have been enumerated. Unit 6: The relevance of the concepts of Relational Algebra with respect to database management systems has been explained. Unit 7: The relevance of the concepts of Relational Calculus with respect to database management systems has been explained. Unit 8: The evolution and importance of Structured Query Language (SQL) have been illustrated. Unit 9: The evolution of the concepts of Normalization and Functional Dependencies in the context of rectifying redundant data has been explained.

Unit 10: The ways and means the transaction processing being carried out in database management systems have been described. Unit 11: The concept and importance of concurrency control and various concurrency control techniques have been explained. Unit 12: The various recovery techniques used in recovery of data in case of database systems failure have been enumerated. Unit 13: The concepts of distributed database management systems have been explained along with client-server model. Unit 14: The concepts of Objects oriented databases have been explained with respect to relational databases. Unit 15: The various issues of security and integrity, authorization in database management systems have been enumerated along with security specifications in SQL.