(I)
November 8, 2005
Contents:
Reading assignment:
Announcements:
Key questions
n+ emitter
p base n+ plug
n collector
"intrinsic" BJT
n+ buried layer
p substrate
base-collector junction
base-emitter junction (area AE) collector-substrate junction
emitter-stripe length
emitter-stripe width
n p n
IE IC
NdE NaB NdC
- -
IB
VBE VBC
+ +
x
-WE-XBE -XBE 0 WB WB+XBC WB+XBC+WC
collector
VBE
IC
- +
VBC forward saturation
active
IB +
base
VCE
+ VBC
VBE
- - cut-off reverse
IE
emitter
IC>0
IE<0
IB>0
Transistor effect:
log po, no
NdE NaB
po NdC
no
no po
ni2
NdC
ni2
ni2
NdE
NaB
x
-WE-XBE -XBE 0 WB WB+XBC WB+XBC+WC
log p, n
NdE NaB
NdC
p n
ni2
NdC
ni2 ni2
NdE NaB
x
-WE-XBE -XBE 0 WB WB+XBC WB+XBC+WC
6.012 - Microelectronic Devices and Circuits - Fall 2005 Lecture 17-7
IC>0
IE<0
IB>0
In forward-active regime:
feature in saturation
in FAR
functional dependence
of controlled current quadratic
exponential
DC current in
controlling terminal 0
exponential
βF = IC
IB
(want big enough, 100)
n
npB(0)
npB(x)
JnB
ni2 npB(WB)=0
NaB
x
0 WB
Boundary conditions:
qVBE
npB (0) = npBo exp , npB (WB ) = 0
kT
Electron profile:
x
npB (x) = npB (0)(1 − )
WB
6.012 - Microelectronic Devices and Circuits - Fall 2005 Lecture 17-10
IC AE
p
pnE(-xBE)
pnE(x)
ni2
pnE(-WE-xBE)=
NdE
ni2
NdE
-WE-xBE -xBE x
Boundary conditions:
qVBE
pnE (−xBE ) = pnEo exp , pnE (−WE −xBE ) = pnEo
kT
Hole profile:
x + xBE
pnE (x) = [pnE (−xBE ) − pnEo ](1 + ) + pnEo
WE
6.012 - Microelectronic Devices and Circuits - Fall 2005 Lecture 17-12
IB AE
Then:
IS qVBE
IB =
(exp − 1)
βF kT
For VBE kT
q
:
IC
IB
βF
6.012 - Microelectronic Devices and Circuits - Fall 2005 Lecture 17-13
log IC, IB
IC
IB
60 mV/dec
at 300 K
IS
IS
VBC<0
βF
VBE
6.012 - Microelectronic Devices and Circuits - Fall 2005 Lecture 17-14
2 Current gain:
D
IC npBo WBn NdE DnWE
βF = = Dp =
IB pnEo W NaB DpWB
E
To maximize βF :
• NdE NaB
• WE WB
• want npn
npn,, rather than pnp design because Dn > Dp
βF dependence on IC :
βF
log IC
6.012 - Microelectronic Devices and Circuits - Fall 2005 Lecture 17-16
Key conclusions
IC>0
IE<0
IB>0