Solutions G-Test Ch5-7 FyBNVC08 Projectile Circular Motion, Linear momentum, Energy NV-College

Suggested Solutions G-Test Physics B: FyBNVC08 Projectile, Circular Motion, Energy and Linear Momentum
Instructions: The Test Warning! There are more than one version of the test. At the end of each problem a maximum point which one may get for a correct solution of the problem is given as for example [2]. Note that just choosing a correct answer without writing your solutions may result in failing the test. Even if you are right on all of them you will not get 50% right. Tools Approved formula sheets, ruler, and graphic calculator. You may use one page of a personalized formula sheet which has your name on it. This should be submitted along with the test. 65 minutes .

Time:

Grade limits: This test is just a G test. For higher grade you must at least get 85% of the points on this test and take the test given on Thursday which is in a higher level. There are 7 problems. The last problem is longer and is heavily graded. Everybody should try to solve it. Pass (G): 11 Qualification for higher grade: 19
Name Problem G G Grade Total Min G Qualified 3 22 11 19

1 3

2 2

3 2

4 2

5 2

6 7a 3

7b 5

behzad.massoumzadeh@huddinge.se Free to use for educational purposes.

Not for sale.

1/6

Solutions G-Test Ch5-7 FyBNVC08 Projectile Circular Motion, Linear momentum, Energy NV-College

In the multi-choice problems below circle clearly the correct answer. Write clearly your answer on the box provided for the answer. If the explanation is required write your reasoning as clear as possible in the space provided below the problem 1 Satellites S1 and S 2 orbit Earth in circular orbits. The radius of circular orbit of satellites S1 is 2 R and that of satellite S 2 is 4 R , where R is the radius of Earth. The mass of satellite S1 is twice that of the satellite S 2 , i.e.: m1 = 2 m2 . Compared to the orbital period of satellite S 2 , the orbital period of the satellite S1 is i longer ii the same iii shorter iv it depends! Sometimes larger sometimes smaller and even sometimes identical. Answer: Alternative: _____________ [1/0] Why? Explain and show necessary calculations: [2/0] Suggested solution: Answer: Alternative iii Compared to the orbital period of satellite S 2 , the orbital period of the satellite S1 is shorter. [1/0]

T r According to Keplers third law: 1 = 1 T r 2 2

2 3 3 3/ 2

T1 2 R 1 T 1 1 = [2/0] = 1 = < 1 T1 = T2 T1 < T2 T T2 2 2 2 4R 2 Note that the period is independent of the mass of the satellite! This M E mS v2 / = mS may be illustrated using Newtons universal law: G , / r2 r T r where the mass of the satellite is cancelled and 1 = 1 is T r 2 2 derived. What would happen as a result of the frictional drag of the Earths atmosphere on an artificial satellite orbiting the Earth? [1] i Nothing! The satellite will continue orbiting the Earth. It is the gravitational pull of the Earth which keeps the satellite orbiting the Earth. ii The satellite will escape the Earth and will be lost in the space. iii The satellite gradually will lose its speed and spiral toward the Earth and eventually will crash to the Earth. iv The satellite gradually will increase its speed and in an spiral form will orbit the Earth and eventually will crash to the Earth. Answer: Alternative: _________ Why? Explain! [1] Answer: Alternative iii. According to Newtons Universal Gravitation v2 M E mS = mS Law: G . If due to atmospheric drag the satellite r r2 continuously loses its velocity, to compensate to it the radius of circular motion decreases, and as a result the satellite falls to the Earth. Its path may be described as spiral form. Usually this problem is avoided by compensating the energy loss by some input energy for example in the form of solar cell.
Not for sale. 2/6
2 3

3/ 2

behzad.massoumzadeh@huddinge.se Free to use for educational purposes.

Solutions G-Test Ch5-7 FyBNVC08 Projectile Circular Motion, Linear momentum, Energy NV-College

A communication satellite in geosynchronous orbit around the Earth remains on the same location on the Earth. The Period of the revolution of the satellite about the Earth is [1] i 1.00 h ii 12.0 h iii 24.0 h iv 28.0 days v 265.25 days Answer: Alternate: ________________________ Why? Explain! [1] Answer: Alternative iii. Due to the fact that the satellite has to be on a given location, its period of revolution must be identical to the period the Earth spins about itself.

An impulse of 10.0 N s is applied on an elastic ball of mass 500.0 g in the form of a kick. If the ball was initially moving towards the kicker at 5.0 m / s . Its velocity immediately after the application of the impulse kick could : [1] i 5 .0 m / s ii 10.0 m / s iii 15. m / s iv 25. m / s v 500. m / s Answer: Alternate: ________________________ [1]

Why? Explain! Answer: Alternative iii. r r r Impulse is I = F t = P = mv2 mv1 If the final direction is taken to be positive:

I = mv2 ( mv1 ) I = mv2 + mv1 mv2 = I mv1 v2 =

v2 = 20. 5.0 = 15.0 m / s

I 10.0 v1 v2 = 5.0 m 0.5

behzad.massoumzadeh@huddinge.se Free to use for educational purposes.

Not for sale.

3/6

Solutions G-Test Ch5-7 FyBNVC08 Projectile Circular Motion, Linear momentum, Energy NV-College

A 3.0 kg object traveling at 10.0 m / s east has a perfect elastic collision with a 2.0 kg object traveling at 7.0 m / s west. The total linear momentum of the system is: [1] i 16.0 kgm / s East ii 16.0 kgm / s West iii 47.0 kgm / s East iv 47.0 kgm / s West Answer: Alternate: ________________________ Why? Explain! [1] Answer: Alternative i. r r r Linear momentum of the system P = mv2 + mv1 . Taking the direction to East positive: P = mv2 mv1 P = 3.0 10.0 2.0 7.0 = 30 14 = 16. m / s East A metallic ball of mass m is attached to the end of a very light string and is moving at a constant speed of v in a circular path of radius r on a frictionless horizontal surface. If the velocity of the ball is halved the tension on the string [1/0] i. is reduced to a half of its original value. ii. remains the same. iii. is doubled. iv. is reduced to a quarter of its original value. v. is quadrupled. Answer: ____________ Why? Explain. Show the necessary calculations in the space below. [2/0]

Suggested solution: Answer: Alternative iv: the tension in the string is reduced to a quarter of its original value: [1] 2 v FC = m r 2 v v2 1 2 FC 2 = m = m = FC1 [2] r 4r 4

behzad.massoumzadeh@huddinge.se Free to use for educational purposes.

Not for sale.

4/6

Solutions G-Test Ch5-7 FyBNVC08 Projectile Circular Motion, Linear momentum, Energy NV-College

A red ball of mass 200. g moving to the right at 5.0 m / s collides head-on with a blue ball of mass 100. g traveling to the left at 4.0 m / s . a. The balls are rigid and the collision is perfectly elastic. Find the final the final velocities of the balls immediately after the collision. [5] b. The balls are soft and sticky. They stick to each other after the collision, and therefore, the collision is perfectly inelastic. Calculate the final velocity of the balls. How much mechanical energy is lost in the collision? [3] Note that you should try to use basic physical principles to solve these problems rather than just some formulas.

200. g 5.0 m / s 4.0 m / s

100. g

Suggested solutions: Data: mR = 200. g = 0.200 kg , vir = 5.0 m / s ; mb = 0.100 kg , vib = 4.0 m / s ,
v fr = ? , v fB = ?

Answer: v fR = 1.0 m / s ; v fB = 8.0 m / s ; (b): v = 2.0 m / s ; E KEi E KEf = 2.7 J (a) Perfectly Elastic Collision: Immediately after the perfectly elastic collision the red and blue ball s will move as:

200. g

100. g

v fR = 1.0 m / s

v fB = 8.0 m / s

Conservation of linear momentum requires: r r r r [Note: Linear momentum is a vector] mR viR + mB viB = mR v fR + mB v fB If we take the original direction of the red ball, i.e. to the right positive, name the final velocity of the red ball v fR and assume that it will continue moving to the right even after the collision, and similarly name the final velocity of the blue ball v fB which is predicted to be reflected back and move to the right: (0.200 )(5.0) + (0.100 )( 4.0) = (0.200 )v fr + (0.100 )v fB
1 0.4 = 0.2 v fR + 0.1 v fB 0.6 = 0.2 v fR + 0.1 v fB

[1]

6 = 2 v fR + v fB

Conservation of kinetic energy: 1 1 1 1 2 2 mR viR + mB viB = mR v 2 + mB v 2 fR fB / / / / 2 2 2 2 (0.200)(5.0)2 + (0.100)(4.0)2 = (0.200)v 2fR + (0.100)v 2fB

2(5.0) + (4.0) = 2v 2 + v 2 fR fB
2 2

behzad.massoumzadeh@huddinge.se Free to use for educational purposes.

Not for sale.

5/6

Solutions G-Test Ch5-7 FyBNVC08 Projectile Circular Motion, Linear momentum, Energy NV-College

50 + 16 = 2v 2 + v 2 fR fB

2v 2 + v 2 = 66 2v 2 + (6 2 v fR )2 = 66 fR fB fR 2v 2 + 36 24 v fR + 4v 2 = 66 fR fR 2 v fR + v fB = 6 v fB = 6 2 v fR 6v 2 24 v fR 30 = 0 v 2 4 v fR 5 = 0 (v fR 5)(v fR + 1) = 0 v fR = 1 fR fR

2v 2 + v 2 = 66 fR fB

[2]

Answer: v fR = 1.0 m / s Note that the trivial answer v fR = +5.0 m / s represents the no collision case! The red ball just misses the blue ball and continues moving to the right in original direction, and obviously of no interest! On the other hand according to v fR = 1.0 m / s the red boll will be reflected and move to the left after the collision at v fR = 1.0 m / s . The velocity of the blue ball after the collision may be calculated from 6 = 2 v fR + v fB by replacing v fR = 1.0 m / s in it: 6 = 2 ( 1.0) + v fB which results in v fB = 6 + 2 = 8.0 m / s [2] Answer: v fB = 8.0 m / s

(b) Perfectly Inelastic Collision: Immediately after the perfectly inelastic collision the red and blue ball s will move as:

(200 + 100)

v = 2.0 m / s g

If the collision is perfectly inelastic, and the velocity of the combination is assumed to be v , and it is assumed to be to the right which is the positive direction in our calculations, conservation of linear momentum requires: r r r mR viR + mB viB = (mR + mB )v [Note: Linear momentum is a vector] (0.200)(5.0) + (0.100)( 4.0) = (0.200 + 0.100)v 0.6 1 0.4 = 0.3 v 0.3 v = 0.6 v = = 2.0 m / s 0.3 Answer: The joint red-blue balls will move to the right at v = 2.0 m / s . [2] The initial energy of the system was: 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 E KEi = mR viR + mB viB = (0.200)(5.0) + (0.100)(4.0) = (5 + 1.6) = 3.3 J 2 2 2 2 The final kinetic energy of the system is: 1 1 2 E KEf = (mR + mB )v 2 = (0.200 + 0.100)(2.0) = 0.6 J 2 2 Answer: Lost mechanical energy: E KEi E KEf = 3.3 0.6 J = 2.7 J [1]

E KEi E KEf = 2.7 J of mechanical energy was converted to heat, destruction

of surfaces, and atomic bounds, at the moment of perfectly inelastic collision.

behzad.massoumzadeh@huddinge.se Free to use for educational purposes.

Not for sale.

6/6