Subnetting Assignment Summary: It is important to be able to convert from decimal to binary and viceversa to be competent in subnetting.

Please answer the following two questions using as much space as you need and then submit the assignment via D2L by next class.

Question #1 - Converting an IP address to binary

* It is important to be able to convert an IP address to binary to understand how routers utilize the network portion and the host portion of an IP address to make network forwarding decisions. It is also important to understand binary to perform subnetting.

1) Please convert the IP address 200.137.19.226 and default subnet mask 255.255.255.0 to binary. Place the IP address in binary above the subnet mask.

Answers:
IP address: 11001000.10001001.00010011.11100010 Subnet mask:11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

Question # 2 Subnetting
* Subnetting is the process of borrowing bits from the host portion of an IP address to create subnetworks. This is done to divide networks to make them more manageable and to reduce the size of broadcast domains. An IP address that is subnetted has a 3-tier address structure including: Network Address, Subnetwork Address, and Host Address. Scenario: You have a network that needs 7 subnets and 12 PCs per subnet. You are doing this to limit the size of your broadcast domain to improve network performance and security. You have been given a network address of 192.168.1.0 and you need to subnet this network address to come up with the usable addresses in your 7 subnets. A good starting point for any subnet problem is to: 1. Identify the network class the IP belongs 2. Determine the default subnet mask

3. Determine the number of bits you need to borrow from the host portion of the address to create the number of subnets you need 4. Make sure there are enough bits leftover to accommodate how many hosts are required per subnet. 4. Determine your new subnet mask based on how many bits you borrowed from Host portion. 5. Write out your usable addresses in each subnet Please write out below your usable address ranges in each subnet for the 7 subnets needed in the problem, be sure to include what the new subnet mask is for this scenario:

Answers: 1. The IP belongs to a private class C network 2. The default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0 3. I need to borrow 3 bits from the host portion to accommodate 7 subnets and it also gives me a 1 extra subnet. 4. There are 5 more bits left that allows me to have 30 host per subnet. The new subnet mask is 255.255.255.224 5. Subnet 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Subnet IP Address 192.168.1.0 192.168.1.32 192.168.1.64 192.168.1.96 192.168.1.128 192.168.1.160 192.168.192 192.168.1.224 Host Address 1-30 33-62 65-94 97-126 129-158 161-190 193-222 225-254 Broadcast address 31 63 95 127 159 191 223 255

Solution:

Required: 7 subnets to accommodate 12 host per each subnet Given: Class C IP address 192.168.1.0

Diagram:

12 PC

12 PC

12 PC

12 PC

12 PC 12 PC

12 PC

Step 1: Checking the given data IP: 192.168.1.0 default subnet mask: 255.255.255.0

Step 2: Computing for the number of bits required for the subnet and bits left to the host 23 = 8 Since we need only 7 subnets, we have 1 extra subnet. 25 = 32; 32-2; each subnet can accommodate 30 host Step 3: Determine the new subnet mask 11111111.11111111.11111111.1110000 = this is the new subnet after borrowing 3 bits 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000 IP in binary 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000 NewSubnet mask 11000000.10101000.00000001.11100000

network

host

The new subnet mask would be: 255.255.255.224 Step4: determine host address per subnet Since there can be 32 addresses,we will use it as the increment value per each subnet: 192.168.1.0 192.168.1.32 192.168.1.64 192.168.1.96 192.168.1.128 192.168.1.160 192.168.1.192 192.168.1.224 ---> ---> ---> ---> ---> ---> ---> ---> host host host host host host host host address address address address address address address address range:1-30 range:33-62 range:65-94 range:97-126 range:129-158 range:161-190 range:193-222 range:225-254 broadcast:31 broadcast:63 broadcast:95 broadcast:127 broadcast:159 broadcast:191 broadcast:223 broadcast:255