4531/1 Fizik Kertas 1 SOLAF 2011

1 1 jam 4

NAMA

TINGKATAN

JABATAN PELAJARAN PERAK ______________________ _____________ SOLAF SET 2 SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2011

FIZIK Kertas 2 Dua jam 30 minit

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 21 halaman bercetak

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The following information may be useful. The symbols have their usual meaning. 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. a=
v u t

v2 = u2 + 2as s = ut +
1 2 at 2

20.

n=

real depth apparent depth

Momentum = mv F = ma Kinetic energy = mv2 Gravitational potential energy = mgh

1 Elastic potential energy = Fx 2

21.

1 1 1 = + f u v

22. Linear magnification, m = v 23. P = 1/ f

24. v = f
ax D

Power, P = energy time =

m V

25.

26. 27.

Q = It E = VQ

Pressure, p =h g
F Pressure, p = A

Heat, Q = mc Heat, Q = m P1V1 = P2V2 V1 = V2

T1

28. V = IR 29. 30. E = V + Ir Power, P = VI

NS V = S N P VP I S VS x 100% I PV P

31.

T2

32. Efficiency = 16. P1 = P2

T1 T2

33. 34.

eV = mv2 E = mc2 g = 10 ms-2

17. 18.

PV = constant T

35.

n=

sin i sin r

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Section A [60 marks] Answer all questions 1 Diagram 1.1 shows a liquid-in-glass thermometer.

Diagram 1.1 (a) (i) Name the liquid P used in the thermometer. ................................................................................................................. [1 mark] (ii) State the physical change in the liquid when the temperature increases. ................................................................................................................. [1 mark] (b) Diagram 1.2 shows two types of thermometers.

Diagram 1.2 (i) Which thermometer is more sensitive ? ........................................................................................................................ [1 mark] (ii) State one reason for your answer in 1 (b) (i). ...................................................................................................................... 4531/1 3 SULIT

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2 .

Diagram 2 shows a car and a lorry which has different mass approaching a zebra crossing with same velocity 15 m s-1.

Diagram 2 When the driver in the vehicles saw Siti walking across the zebra crossing, they applied the brake at the same time until the vehicles came to a complete stop. (a) What is meant by mass ? [1 mark] (b) (i) Between the car and the lorry in Diagram 2.1, which first came to a complete stop? [1 mark] (ii) Give one reason for your answer in (b) (i). [1 mark] (c) If the lorry had traveled a distance of 375 m before it came to a stop, calculate the deceleration when the brake was applied until it stop. [2 marks]

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Diagram 3 shows the hydraulic pump which is used to lift a car in a workshop.

Diagram 3 (a) (i) Name the principle of physics used in the hydraulic pump above. _____________________________________________________ [1 mark] State one important characteristic of oil used in the pump. _____________________________________________________ [1 mark] (b) The pressure of compressed air at the oil surface is 5000 N m-2 and the cross-sectional area of the piston is 2 m2. (i) What is the pressure of the oil in the cylinder?

(ii)

(ii)

[1 mark] What happened to the position of the piston if the car is replaced with a lorry of bigger mass? _____________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(c)

State the necessary modification that can be done to the piston and the cylinder so that a heavier load can be lifted. _________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

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(d)

Name another application for the principle of physics in (a)(i). _________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2 show two type of blocks, R and S being heated 50 W immersion heater for 6 minutes. Table 4 shows information related to metal blocks, R and S.

Diagram 4.1 Metal block R S Mass/ kg 1.0 1.0 Initial temperature/0C 28 28

Diagram 4.2 Final temperature/0C 48 74

Table 4 (a) What is mean by specific heat capacity? [1 mark] (b) Calculate specific heat capacity for (i) metal block R

(ii) metal block S 4531/1 6 SULIT

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[3 marks] (c) Base on your answers in 4 (b), compare the specific heat capacity for metal block R and metal Block S. ... [1 mark] (d) Base on the information in Table 4, (i) compare the rise in temperature of metal block R and metal block S. ... [1 mark] (ii) relate the rise in temperature to the specific heat capacity of the metal block. [1 mark] 5 Diagram 5.1 shows the side view of two ripple tanks. When the motors are switched on, water waves with the same frequency are produced.

Diagram 5.1 Diagram 5.2 shows the waves formed on the screens.

Diagram 5.2 (a) What is the meaning of frequency?

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4531/1 .. [1 mark] (b) Observe Diagram 5.1 and 5.2. (i) Compare the depths of the water in region X and Y. .. [1 mark] (ii) Compare the wavelengths of the waves in region X and Y. .. [1 mark] (iii) Relate the depth of water to the wavelength of the waves. .. [1 mark] (iv) Name the wave phenomenon involved. .. [1 mark] (c) Explain why the wave front of sea water will follow the shape of the shore when it approaches the shore. [3 marks]

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Diagram 6.1 shows an image seen through a lens.

(a) Name the light phenomenon involved in Diagram 6.1

Diagram 6.1 .......... ......................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(b) On Diagram 6.2 draw a ray diagram to show how the image in Diagram 6.1 is formed.

Diagram 6.2

[3 marks]
(c) The focal length of the lens in Diagram 6.2 is f. Referring to f, suggest a suitable position to place the object to produce an inverted image .............................................................................................................................. ...........................

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(d) An eyepiece of focal length fe = 5 cm and an objective lens are used to build a simple astronomical telescope. The objective lens is chosen from Table 6.1. Lens Focal length of lens fo (cm) Magnification m = fo fe P Q R S 10 10 40 40 2.5 5.0 2.5 5.0 Diameter of the objective lens (cm)

Table 6.1

(i) (ii)

Complete table 6.1 by writing down the values of m for every lens.

[2 marks]
Choose the two lenses that produce the largest image. .......................................................................................................... ........................

[1 mark] Diagram 7.1 shows a cloud chamber used to detect radioactive emission of a source.

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Diagram 7.1 (a) What is the meaning of radioactive emission? ____________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (b) Draw the tracks in the cloud chamber if the radioactive source is (i) - particle (ii) - particle (iii) - particle

[3 marks] (c) A doctor conducts an investigation on a patients kidney by injecting gamma ray source of radioactive liquid into the blood circulation. The half life of the radioactive source used is 8 days. A normal kidney can expel all the radioactive substance in 20 minutes.

Diagram 7.2 shows the radioactivity of the patients kidneys changes with time.

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Diagram 7.2 (i) Based on Diagram 7.2, which kidney is not functioning properly? ______________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (ii) Give one reason for your answer in (c)(i). [1 mark] (iii) Why is gamma ray source of radioactive substance more suitable to be used in this case? ______________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (iv) The half life of the radioactive source used must not be too short. Explain why. ______________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (v) The initial radioactivity of the substance is 9 x 105 counts per second. What is the radioactivity of the substance after 32 days? ______________________________________________________________________

[2 marks] 8 (a) Diagram 8.1 shows a relay used in an electrical circuit.

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Diagram 8.1 (i) What is the function of a relay? .. [1 mark] (ii) Explain what will happen when an electric current flow in the main circuit? .. .. .. .. [2 marks] (b) Diagram 8.2 shows a circuit consists of an automatic switch using a relay to switch on a street light at night.

Diagram 8.2 (i) Name the component labeled Q. .. [1 mark] (ii) State the main characteristic for component Q. .. 4531/1 13 SULIT

SULIT (iii) Explain how the component Q light up the street light. .. .. ..

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[3 marks] (c) Diagram 8.3 shows a simple tsunami control system used to detect an earthquake and eruption volcano at the sea bed which will produced tsunami.

Diagram 8.3 The circuit consists of vibration sensor, V, and water temperature sensor, T, at the sea bed. The vibration and increase in temperature detected will produced signals which will be sent to a logic gate and then to the tsunami operation detector room through the transmitter. Keys ; Vibration sensor, V Vibration sensor, V Water temperature sensor, T : Output S Output S : : : : With vibration Without vibration High temperature Low temperature Radar is activated Radar is deactivated Logic 1 Logic 0 Logic 1 Logic 0 Logic 1 Logic 0

Water temperature sensor, T :

Tsunami will occur when there is a vibration or change of high temperature at the sea bed. Table 8 is a truth table which shows the operation of the logic gate in the tsunami control system. 4531/1 14 SULIT

SULIT V 0 0 1 1 T 0 1 0 1 Table 8 S

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(i) Using the keys given, complete Table 8. [2 marks] (ii) Name the logic gate in the circuit in Diagram 8.3. .. [1 mark] (iii) In the space below, draw the logic gate symbol in 8 c(ii).

[1 mark] Section B [20 marks] Answer any one question 9. (a) Diagram 9.1 shows two identical feeding bottles floating in liquid P and liquid Q respectively. The feeding bottle floats because the net force acting on the bottle is zero.

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Diagram 9.1 (i) (ii) What is the meaning of net force? [1 mark]

Using Diagram 9.1 compare the position of the bottles in liquid P and liquid Q. Compare also the weights and the buoyant forces that are acting on the bottles in liquid P and liquid Q. Compare the density of liquid P and liquid Q. Relate the position of the bottle and the density of liquid to deduce a relevant physics concept. [5 marks]

(b) Diagram 9.2 shows a simple hydraulic jack.

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Diagram 9.2 Explain how load M can be lifted and give a reason why the cross sectional area of piston A is smaller than the cross sectional area of piston B. [4 marks] (c) The simple hydraulic jack in Diagram 9.2 is not suitable to use to lift a car in a workshop. Using suitable physics concepts, explain the required modification that need to be done to enable the machine to lift a car easily in a workshop. You can emphazise on the following aspects in your modification; (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) method so that only small force is applied at piston A component to control flow of liquid in the hydraulic jack component in the hydraulic jack to lowered the car Size of pistons Type of liquid used [10 marks]
10. Diagram 10.1 shows a transformer.

Diagram 10.1

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(a)(i) marks] (ii) marks]

State the principle used in a transformer.

[1

What is the function of a transformer ?

[1

(iii) Explain the working principle of a transformer. marks]

[4

(b)

The national grid network is used to transmit electrical energy from

power stations to consumers through a network of high voltage cables. (i) Explain why the higher voltage is transmitted through the electric in the national grid network. [2 marks]

(ii) Explain two advantages of the national grid network in distributing electrical energy to users. [2 marks]

(c) From diagram 10.1, (i) Explain the modification that needs to be done on the transformer so that it can step down the mains voltage of 240V to 1V, 2V, 3V, 4V, 5V, 6V or 7V. Suggest three ways to increase the efficiency of the transformer. marks] [6

(ii) 120 kW of electrical power is to be transmitted by cables which have a total resistance of 5. Calculate the power loss due to heating of the cables if the power is transmitted at a voltage of 200kW. [4 marks]

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SULIT Section C [20 marks] Answer any one question 11 Diagram 11.1 shows a submarine floating still on the sea surface.

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The weight of the submarine is equal to the buoyant force acting on the submarine.

Diagram 11.1 (a) (b) What is meant by buoyant force ? The submarine is able to submerge in the sea. Explain how a submarine on the sea surface submerges and float still on the sea surface. [4 marks] (c) Diagram 11.2 shows a ship sails on the sea surface. The ship carries passengers and cargo. [1 mark]

Diagram 11.2 Table 11.2 shows the specifications of four watercraft, P , Q , R and S that can be used to carry passengers as well as cargo at high speed. Watercraf t P Q R S 4531/1 Horizontal cross section Front side broad and pointed Front side narrow and pointed Front side broad and flat Front side narrow and 19 Hull material Wood Aluminium Steel Fibre glass Hull ability Aerodynamic Hydrodynamic Hydrodynamic Aerodynamic Engine fuel Petrol Diesel Petrol Diesel SULIT

SULIT flat Table 11.2 You are required to determine the most suitable watercraft.

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Study the specifications all of the four water craft based on the following aspects. The horizontal cross-section Material used for the hull Hull ability Engines fuel [10 marks]

(d) A boat has safety limit M as shown on diagram below. The volume under the M Level is 4 m3. The mass of the boat is 200 kg.

Boat

Calculate (i) (ii) The weight of the boat without load. The maximum additional mass on the boat. [5 marks] 12 Diagram 12.1 shows an audio frequency generator connected to a speaker and placed near the corner of a wall. Three students , A ,B and C are standing around the next corner. The generator and speaker can produce sound with the same speed but different pitch.

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Diagram 12.1
a) State the physical quantity that affects the pitch of the sound. [1 mark] b) When a high pitch sound is generated, only student C can hear the sound clearly.

Explain this situation.

[4 marks]

c)

Diagram 12.2 shows a radar system at an airport. Signals are transmitted from the radar system to determine the position of an aeroplane.

Diagram 12.2 Table 12.3 shows the specifications of four radar systems , K , L , M and N , that can be used to determine the position of an aeroplane. 4531/1 21 SULIT

SULIT Radar system Diameter of the parabolic disc /m Distance of the signal receiver from the centre of the parabolic disc Types of wave transmitted K 10 Same as focal length L 5 Less than focal length M 7

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Same as focal length

Microwave

Microwave

Radio wave

Radio wave

Height of the parabolic disc from the ground

High

Low

Low

High

Table 12.3 You are required to determine the most suitable radar system. Study the specifications of all the four radar systems based on the following aspects :
The diameter of the parabolic disc The distance of the signal receiver from the centre of the parabolic disc The types of waves transmitted The height of the parabolic disc from the ground

Explain the suitability of the aspects. [10 marks] d) The depth of a sea is 90 m . A ship transmits an ultrasonic wave of frequency 50 kHz to the seabed and receives an echo 0.12 s later. Calculate : i)
ii)

the speed of the ultrasonic wave in the water

the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave in the water

[5 marks]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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SOLAF 3 Paper 2 Marking Scheme Section A 1 (a) (i) Mercury (ii) Expansion / increase in volume (b) (i) Thermometer X (ii) The smallest division is smaller // able to detect the smaller /smallest change TOTAL 2 Quantity matters in a material //An object at rest tends to remain at rest // an object in motion tends to stay in motion (b) The car (c) Mass // Inertia is smaller (a) 1m 1m 1m 1m 4m 1m 1m 1m 1m 23 SULIT

(d) v2 = u2 + 2as 02 = 152 + 2a(375) 4531/1

SULIT a = 0.3 ms -2

4531/1 TOTAL 1m 5m 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m TOTAL 6m 1m

(a)

(i) Pascal principle (ii) Oil cannot be compressed

(b) (i) 5 000 N (ii) move downward (c) increase diameter of the piston / use thicker wall cylinder

(d) hydraulic brake

Amount of heat required to increase the temperature by 10C for a mass of 1 kg substance (b) (i) Pt = mc 18 000 = 1 c 20 c = 900 Jkg-10C-1 (ii) 18 000 = 1 c 46 c = 391 Jkg-10C-1 (c) Specific heat capacity of R bigger than S. (a) (d) (i) The rise in temperature of metal R is smaller than S.

1m 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m 7m 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m 8m 1m

(ii) The rise in temperature is smaller when the specific heat capacity is bigger. TOTAL 5 (a) Frequency is the number of complete oscillations per unit time. The depth of water in region X is greater than in region Y.

(b) (i)

(ii) The wavelength of the waves in region X is longer than that in region Y. (iii) The deeper the water is, the longer the wavelength will be. (iv) Refraction of waves (c) 1. In the ocean, wave fronts are straight and parallel as the wave speed is uniform. 2. When a wave moves towards the shore, the depth of the sea water decreases, the velocity of the wave decreases. 3. Refraction occurs and the sea water waves are refracted towards the normal. This causes wave fronts of the sea water to follow the shape of the shore. TOTAL Refraction 24

(a)

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4531/1 3m

(c)

The object should be placed at the position with the object distance > f. Focal length of lens, fo (cm) Magnification, fo m= fe Diameter of the objective lens (cm) 2.5 5.0 2.5 5.0

1m 2m

(d) (i) Lens

P 10 2 Q 10 2 R 40 8 S 40 8 (ii) Lens R and lens S produce the largest image.

1m TOTAL 8m 1m 3m

The emission of an energetic particle or photon during the random and spontaneous disintegration of an unstable nucleus to a more stable nucleus. (b) (i) (ii) (iii)

(a)

(c)

(i) Left kidney (ii) Activity of the I-131 radioisotope still can be detected // does not fall after 20 minutes (iii) Has high penetrating power, can be detected easily (iv) To make sure that has high enough activity in the kidneys to be detected. (v) Number of T 1 = 8days 2 = 4 900 000g 450 000g
32 days

1m 1m 1m 1m

225 000g

112 500g

56250 g Total

1m 1m 10m

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SULIT (a) (i) As an automatic switch to switch on the second circuit

4531/1 1m 2m (max 2) 1m 1m 3m

(ii) Relay coil will be an electromagnet attracts soft iron armature second circuit will be operated (b) (i) LDR (ii) The resistance of LDR is low when there is light // vice versa (iii) At night, resistance Q is higher VQ higher > Vbe of battery Ib increase, Ic increase Relay is switch on V T 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 (ii) OR Gate (iii)

(c)

S 0 1 1 1

(i)

2m

1m 1m

TOTAL Section B 9 (a) (i) Sum of two or more forces to produce one resultant force.

12m

1m 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m

(ii) Bottle in liquid Q floats lower Weight and the buoyant force are equal and the same in both cases. Density of liquid P is higher. As the density of liquid decreases, the lower the bottle floats. When density of liquid decreases the volume of liquid displaced increases to produce the same buoyant force. (b) When force is applied to piston A Pressure is produced and transmitted uniformly throughout the liquid towards piston B // Pascals Principle Pressure multiply by the surface area of piston B will produce the output force that lift load M. Cross-sectional area of piston A is smaller than piston B to produce large output force. (c) Suggestions Reasons Fix a long handle on piston A Small force can produce bigger force /torque to press piston A Equip the hydraulic jack Liquid can flow in one with valves direction and does not back flow 4531/1 26

2m 2m

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SULIT Use released valves Piston A is made smaller // piston B bigger. Oil as liquid Liquid flows back to the storage Reservoir To produce large output force.

4531/1 2m 2m 2m TOTAL 20m 1m 1m 2m 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m 2m 1m 1m 2m

Does not evaporate easily // does not flow out easily // prevent from rust.

10

(a)

(i) Electromagnetic induction. (ii) Transformer is used to increase or decrease an alternating voltage.

(iii) When ac current flows in the primary coil, changes of current produces a change in magnetic field line. The magnetic field lines cut through the secondary coil. emf induced in the secondary coil. (b) (i) Current that flows in the electric cables is reduced to a very low value. Power loss in the cable is reduced. (ii) To ensure continuous delivery of power. Power can be controlled and distributed according to the demand. (c) (i) The secondary coil can be tapped at different points to give a different output voltage. By using thicker wires made of a good conductor. Winding the secondary coil on top of the primary coil. Using a laminated core. It is made up of a number of thin iron sheets glued together with thin layers of insulation between them. (ii) I =
120 10 3 200 10 3 = 0.60 A Power loss, P = 0.602 x 5 = 1.8 W

1m 1m 1m 1m TOTAL Section C 20m

11

(a)

1m 1m 1m 1m 1m 2m 2m 2m 2m 2m 1m 1m 1m 1m

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4531/1 TOTAL 1m 20m 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m 2m 2m 2m 2m 2m

12

(a) (b)

Frequency High pitch has high frequency/Low pitch has low frequency Frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength High pitch sound has short wavelength , less diffraction Low pitch easily diffracted. Characteristics Parabolic disc should have a large diameter Distance of signal receiver from centre of the disc must be same as focal length waves used are microwaves The position of the parabolic disc must be high The most suitable is K Reason So that it can receive more signal Signals are focused to the receivers High frequency high energy. Signal is not blocked Large diameter , distance of signal receiver from the centre is the same as the focal length, transmit microwave, high position.

(c)

(d)

(i)
v= 2s t 2 X 90 = 0.12 =1500 m s

3m

(ii) wavelength =

1500 50 X 1000

1m 1m 20m

= 0.03 m TOTAL

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