Chapter 2 1. The settlement founded in the early 1600s that was most important for future of the U.S.

was Jamestown. 2. Spains dream of an empire began to fade with the defeat of the Spanish Armada. 3. The first successful English attempted colonization in 1585 was in Roanoke Island. 4. Englands defeat of the Spanish Armada helped to ensure Englands naval dominance in the North Atlantic. 5. Drake- sea dog; Walter Raleigh- colony at Roanoke vanished; Humphrey Gilbertfailed to make colony in Newfoundland. 6. Chronological order: a. Reformation b. Defeat of Spanish Armada c. Founding of Jamestown colony d. Restoration e. Colony of Georgia Founded 7. On the eve of its colonizing adventure, England possessed a sense of nationalism. 8. The financial means for Englands first permanent colonization in America were provided by joint-stock companies. 9. The early years at Jamestown were mainly characterized by starvation, disease, and frequent Indian raids. 10. Captain John Smiths role at Jamestown can best be described as saving the colony from collapse. 11. Chief Powhatan had Captain John Smith kidnapped to impress Smith with his power and show the Indians desire for peace. 12. The biggest disrupter of Native American life was disease. 13. A major reason for the founding of Maryland in 1654 was to create refuge for Catholics. 14. In 1645 Marylands act of toleration guaranteed toleration to all Christians. 15. The statutes governing slavery in North American colonies originated in Barbados. 16. The colony of Georgia was founded as a defensive buffer for the Carolinas. 17. Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia were similar because they all depended on the export of a stable crop. 18. By 1750, all southern plantation colonies ALL OF THE ABOVE. 19. Chronological founding of: Virginia, Maryland, Carolinas, Georgia. 20. The attitude of Carolinians toward Indians can best be described as hostile.

Chapter 3 1. Henry VIII aided the entrance of Protestant beliefs into England when he broke Englands ties with the Catholic Church. 2. The separatists migrated from Holland to the New World in order to avoid Dutchification of their children. 3. Match each colony on the left with its associated item. a. General court- Massachusetts Bay b. Mayflower Compact- Plymouth c. Fundamental Orders- Connecticut d. Patroonships- New Netherland 4. The Mayflower Compact can be best described as a promising step toward genuine self-government. 5. The leader that helped the pilgrims survive was William Bradford. 6. According to Anne Hutchinson, a dissenter in Massachusetts Bay, the truly saved need not bother to obey the laws of God or man. 7. As the founder of Rhode Island, Roger Williams established complete religious freedom for all. 8. Unlike other English voyagers to the New World, the Puritans transplanted entire communities. 9. King Philips War resulted in the lasting defeat of New Englands Indians. 10. During the early years of colonization in the New World, England paid little attention to its colonies. 11. As a result of Englands Glorious Revolution, the dominion of the New World collapsed. 12. New York was originally founded by the Dutch. 13. The Dutch colony of New Netherland (later New York) was established for its quick profit of fur trading. 14. When the English gained control over New Netherlands, the autocratic spirit survived. 15. Cultural contributions the Dutch made to America include all of the following except soccer. (Included Easter Eggs, Santa Clause, Sauerkraut, and skating) 16. Indian Policy in early Pennsylvania can best be described as benevolent. 17. Arrange the following events in chronological order (already done here): a. Protestant Reformation b. Founding of Plymouth colony c. Great Puritan migration d. Founding of Rhode Island 18. Chronological order: a. Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, New York, Pennsylvania 19. New York and Pennsylvania were similar in that they both had ethnically mixed populations. 20. Economically the colony of Pennsylvania became profitable very quickly.

Chapter 7 1. During the seventeenth century, America established the precedent of being involved in every world war since 1688. 2. The one valuable resource in New France was beavers. 3. The primary economic pursuit of early settlers in New France was fur trapping. 4. The French wanted to control Louisiana because they would then control the mouth of the Mississippi. 5. The clash between Britain and France for control of the North American continent sprang from their rivalry for the control of the Ohio River Valley. 6. In his first Military Command in the French and Indian War, George Washington was defeated at Fort Necessity but allowed to retreat. 7. The Seven Years War was also known in America as the French and Indian War. 8. In the colonial wars before 1754, Americans demonstrated an astonishing lack of unity. 9. Unlike the first three Anglo-French wars, the Seven Years War was fought initially on the North American continent. 10. Place the following in chronological order (already done here): a. George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity b. General Edward Braddock is defeated near Fort Duquesne c. British troops capture Louisburg in their first significant victory of the French and Indian War d. General James Wolfes army defeats Montcalms on the Plains of Abraham 11. The 1759 Battle of Quebec ranks as one of the most significant victories in British and American history. 12. In the peace arrangements that ended the Seven Years War, France surrendered all of its territorial claims to North America. 13. As a result of the Seven Years War, Great Britain became the dominant power in North America. 14. For the American Colonies, the Seven Years War ended the myth of British invincibility. 15. With the end of the Seven Years War, the disunity, jealousy, and suspicion that had long existed in the American colonies began to melt somewhat. 16. The isolation of Louisianas Cajun Communities ended with bridge buildings in the 1930s. 17. When the Acadians left Canada, they went to Louisiana. 18. France had to give up its vision of a North American New France when it was defeated by the British in 1713 and 1763. 19. The primary thing that the Acadians and Quebecois believed that bound them together was the French language. 20. In a sense, the history of the United States began with the fall of Quebec and Montreal. 21. The Proclamation of 1763 prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.

New Questions from Unit 1 Exam 1. When it came to the Revolution, it could be said that the American colonies were reluctant revolutionaries. 2. The first Navigation Laws were designed to eliminate Dutch shippers from the American ship trade. 3. Colonists objected to the Stamp Act because Parliament passed the tax, not the colonists. 4. Arrange the following in chronological order (already done here): a. Townshend Acts b. Boston Massacre c. Tea Act d. Intolerable Acts 5. The New England Confederation regarded Dutch New Netherland as an enemy to be wiped out. 6. The greatest internal conflict in America occurred in the middle colonies. 7. The soldier and explorer called Father of New France was named Samuel de Champlain. 8. The Jesuits played a vital role because of their exploration and work as geographers. 9. French motives in the New World included desire to compete with Spain for empire in America. 10. The long range purpose of the Albany Congress was to achieve colonial unity and common defense against the French threat. 11. The British invasion of Canada during the Seven Years War ended in defeat. 12. The change in Colonial policy by the British government that helped precipitate the American Revolution was compelling America to shoulder some of the cost of the empire. 13. Match each of the following correctly (already done here): a. Sugar Act- 1st British law intended to raise revenues b. Stamp Act- generated the most protest in the colonies c. Declaratory Act- asserted Parliaments power over colonies 14. Unlike the Stamp Act, the Sugar Act and Townshend Acts were both indirect taxes on trade goods arriving in American ports. 15. Passage of the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act convinced many colonists that the British were trying to take away their historic liberty. 16. Match each individual with the correct description (already done here) a. Crispus Attucks- a casualty of the Boston Massacre b. John Adams- a Massachusetts politician who opposed the moderates solution to the imperial crisis at the First Continental Congress c. Samuel Adams- A pamphleteer who first organized committees to exchange ideas and information on resisting British policy. 17. Arrange the following events in chronological order (already done here) a. Boston Tea Party b. Quebec Act c. Meeting of the First Continental Congress d. Clash at Lexington and Concord

18. As the move for independence began, Britain had the advantage of overwhelming national wealth and naval power.

Chapter 8 1. Perhaps the most important single action of the Second Continental Congress was to select George Washington to head the army. 2. Arrange the following in chronological order (already done here): a. Fighting at Lexington and Concord b. Convening of the Second Continental Congress c. Publication of Common Sense d. Adoption of the Declaration of Independence 3. As commander of Americas Revolutionary army, George Washington exhibited all of the following except military genius. (He did show courage, sense of justice, moral force, and patience) 4. King George III officially declared the colonies in rebellion just after the Battle of Bunker Hill. 5. One purpose of the Declaration of Independence was to explain to the rest of the world why the colonies had revolted. 6. In late 1776 and early 1777, George Washington helped restore confidence in Americas military by defeating the Hessians at Trenton. 7. Like many revolutions, the American Revolution was a minority movement. 8. Thomas Paines pamphlet Common Sense called for American independence and the creation of a democratic republic. 9. Matching: a. William Howe- Long Island b. John Burgoyne- Saratoga c. Charles Cornwallis- Yorktown 10. Arrange these battles in chronological order (already done here) a. Long Island b. Trenton c. Saratoga d. Charleston 11. The Battle of Saratoga was a key victory for the Americas because it brought the colonists much-needed aid and a formal alliance with France. 12. France came to Americas aid in the revolution because it wanted revenge against the British. 13. The commander of French Troops in America was Rochambeau. 14. Shortly after French troops arrived in America, the resulting improvement in morale staggered when General Benedict Arnold turned traitor. 15. Some Indian nations joined the British in the Revolutionary War because they believed a British victory would restrain American expansion into the West. 16. After the British defeat at Yorktown, the fighting continued for more than a year. 17. Britain gave America generous terms in the Treaty of Paris because British leaders were trying to persuade America to abandon its alliance with France. 18. In 1775, once fighting between the colonies and Great Britain began, all the colonists affirmed their loyalty to the King. 19. In a republic, power comes from the people themselves. 20. Americans who opposed independence for the colonies were labeled Loyalists or Tories, and the independence-seeking Patriots were also known as Whigs.

Chapter 9 1. The American Revolution was an example of accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. 2. The Founding Fathers failed to eliminate slavery because a fight over slavery might destroy national unity. 3. As a means of ensuring that legislatures stay in touch with the mood of the people, state constitutions required annual elections of legislators. 4. Immediately after the revolution, a new American nations greatest strength lay in its excellent political leadership. 5. The Articles of Confederation were finally approved when all states claiming western lands surrendered them to national governments. 6. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 established a procedure for governing the Old Northwest Territory. 7. After the Revolutionary War, both Britain and Spain prevented America from exercising effective control over about half of its total territory. 8. Shays rebellion was provoked by foreclosures on the mortgages of back country farmers. 9. Under the Articles of Confederation, the relationship between the 13 states convinced many that a stronger central government was needed. 10. By the time the Constitution was adopted in 1789, prosperity was beginning to return. 11. The Constitutional Convention was called to revise the Articles of Confederation. 12. Which of the Revolutionary leaders were not present at the Constitutional Confederation? Thomas Jefferson. 13. The Great Compromise of the Constitutional Convention worked out an acceptable scheme for appointing Congressional representation. 14. Under the Constitution, the President of the United States was to be elected by a majority vote of the Electoral College. 15. The Constitutional Convention addressed the North-South controversy over slavery through the three-fifths compromise. 16. By their actions, the delegates to the Constitutional Convention manifested their common belief in all except manhood-suffrage democracy. 17. The one branch of the government elected directly through the people is the House of Representatives. 18. The delegates at the Constitutional Convention stipulated that the new Constitution be ratified by state convention. 19. Probably the most alarming characteristic of the New Constitution to those who opposed it was the absence of a bill of rights. 20. One of the enduring paradoxes of American History is that both liberals and conservatives have championed the heritage of democratic revolution.

Chapter 10 1. Match the individual with his office in the new government (already done here): a. Thomas Jefferson- Secretary of State b. Alexander Hamilton- Secretary of Treasury c. Henry Knox- Secretary of War 2. One of the major criticisms of the Constitution as drafted in Philadelphia was that it did not provide guarantees for individual rights. 3. The Bill of Rights was intended to protect individual liberties against the potential tyranny of a strong central government. 4. Alexander Hamiltons financial plan for the economic development of the United States favored the wealthier class. 5. Alexander Hamilton believed that a limited national debt was beneficial, because people to whom the government owed money would work hard to make the nation a success. 6. The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 arose in southwestern Pennsylvania when the federal government levied an excise tax on whiskey. 7. Match each political leader with his positions on public policy in the 1790s (already done here) a. Hamilton i. Privileges for upper class ii. Pro-British iii. Potent central government iv. Government support for business b. Jefferson i. Sympathy for the common people ii. Pay off national debt iii. Pro-French iv. Universal Education 8. When the French Revolution developed into a war with Britain, George Washington and the American Government remained neutral. 9. The United States acquired free navigation of the Mississippi river in the Pinckney Treaty. 10. One of George Washingtons major contributions as president was keeping the nation out of foreign wars. 11. Washingtons Farewell Address in 1796 warned against the dangers of permanent foreign alliances. 12. Foreign relations between the United States and France deteriorated in the late 1790s over French seizure of American merchant ships. 13. The immediate cause of the undeclared war between the U.S. and France was the XYZ affair. 14. The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were written in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts. 15. Hamiltonian Federalists advocated a strong central government. 16. Thomas Jefferson appealed to all of the following except the upper class (NOT small shopkeepers, the middle class, artisans, or the underprivileged)

17. To the Jeffersonian Republicans, the ideal citizen of a republic was an independent farmer. 18. Thomas Jefferson favored a political system in which the states retained the majority of political power. 19. Jeffersonians believed in all of the following except every adult white males right to vote. 20. One of the first jobs facing the new government formed under the constitution was to draw up and pass a bill of rights.

New Questions from Unit 2 Exam 1. The Olive Branch Petition professed American loyalty to the crown. 2. The colonists delayed declaring their independence until July 4, 1776 for all of the reasons except lack of military victories. 3. It was highly significant to the course of future events that economic democracy preceded political democracy in the U.S. 4. The Articles of Confederation left Congress unable to enforce a collection program. 5. A major strength of the Articles of Confederation was its presentation of the ideal of a united nation. 6. Shays rebellion convinced many of the need for a stronger central government. 7. The debate between supporters and critics of the Articles of Confederation centered on how to reconcile states rights with strong national government. 8. The delegate whose contribution to the Philadelphia convention gave him the name Father of the Constitution was James Madison. 9. The large state plan put forward in the constitution convention based representation in the House and Senate on population. 10. As Secretary of the Treasury, Hamiltons first objective was to bolster national credit. 11. Opposition by Thomas Jefferson and Madison to Hamiltons financial plan resulted in two political parties forming. 12. During the first quarter century as a nation, one of the major problems facing America was the rivalry and war between France and Britain. 13. President Adams sought a peaceful solution to the undeclared war with France in order to prevent the outbreak of a full-scale war. 14. The main purpose of the Alien and Sedition acts was to silence and punish critics of the Federalists. 15. In the 1800 election, Jefferson won New York because Aaron Burr used his influence to turn the state to Jefferson. 16. In 1800, Jefferson was chosen President by the Electoral College. 17. Jeffersons revolution of 1800 was remarkable in that it marked the peaceful and orderly transfer of power based on election results accepted by all parties. 18. With Thomas Jeffersons election as president, the Democratic - Republican Party grew less unified as the Federalists lost power. 19. Jefferson and his followers opposed John Adams last minute appointment of new federal judges mainly because it was an attempt by a defeated party to entrench itself in the government. 20. The Chief Justice who carried out, more than any other federal official, the ideas of Alexander Hamilton concerning a powerful federal government was John Marshall. 21. Jefferson had authorized American negotiators to purchase only New Orleans and Florida from France. 22. Lewis and Clark demonstrated the viability of an overland trail to the Pacific. 23. British policy of imprisonment was a kind of forced enlistment.

Chapter 12 1. When the United States entered the War of 1812, it was militarily unprepared. 2. The performance of the United States navy in the War of 1812 could be best described as much better than that of the army. 3. The British attack on Fort McHenry inspired the writing of the Star Spangled Banner. 4. The most devastating defeat suffered by the British during the War of 1812 took place at New Orleans. 5. The Battle of New Orleans saw British troops defeated by Andrew Jacksons soldiers. 6. The resolutions from the Hartford Convention helped to cause the death of the Federalist Party. 7. The Tariff of 1816 was the first in American History that aimed to protect American Industry. 8. One of the major causes of the panic of 1819 was overspeculation in frontier lands. 9. The first state entirely west of the Mississippi to be carved out of the Louisiana Territory was Missouri. 10. As a result of the Missouri Compromise, slavery was banned north of the 3630 in the Louisiana Purchase territory. 11. The treaty of 1818 with England called for a ten year joint occupation of the Oregon territory by both American citizens and British subjects. 12. Spain sold Florida to the United States because it could not defend the area and would lose it in any case. 13. At the time it was issued, the Monroe Doctrine was incapable of being enforced by the United States. 14. Latin Americas reaction to the Monroe Doctrine can be best described as unconcerned or unimpressed. 15. Andrew Jacksons military exploits were instrumental in the United States gaining possession of Florida from Spain. 16. From a global perspective, the War of 1812 was of little importance. 17. At the end of the war of 1812, British manufacturers began dumping their goods in America at extremely low prices. 18. With the demise of the Federalist Party, the Democratic Republicans established one party rule. 19. All of the following were results of the Missouri Compromise except sectionalism was reduced. 20. In interpreting the Constitution, John Marshall favored loose construction.

Chapter 13 1. The new two party political system that emerged in the 1830s and 1840s became an important part of the nations checks and balances. 2. Match each with the description: i. Andrew Jackson- received most popular votes in 1824 ii. Henry Clay- was eliminated as candidate when the election was given to the House of Representatives iii. John Calhoun- was Vice President on two Presidential ballots in 1824. 3. The House of Representatives decided the 1824 presidential election when no candidate received a majority of the votes in the Electoral College. 4. John Adams was charged as having struck a corrupt bargain when he appointed Henry Clay as Secretary of State. 5. Andrew Jacksons political philosophy was based on suspicion of the federal government. 6. The spoils system under Andrew Jackson resulted in the appointment of many corrupt officials in the office. 7. The section of the United States most hurt by the Tariff of 1828 was The South. 8. Southerners feared the Tariff of 1828 because it would hurt their manufacturing. 9. The nullification crisis of 1832-1833 erupted over tariff policy. 10. Andrew Jacksons administration supported the removal of Native Americans from eastern states because whites wanted Indian land. 11. The policy of the Jackson administration toward the eastern Indian tribes was forced removal. 12. While in existence, the second bank of the United States was the depository of funds of the National government. 13. The cement that held the Whig party together in its days was hatred of Andrew Jackson. 14. Americans moved into Texas after an agreement by Mexicans and Stephen Austin. 15. Texans won their independence as a result of the victory over Mexican armies at The Battle of San Jacinto. 16. Texas gained its independence with help from Americans. 17. One reason for the Anglo-Texan rebellion against Mexican rule was that the AngloTexans wanted to break away from a government that had grown too authoritative. 18. President Jackson and Van Buren hesitated to extend recognition to and to annex Texas because antislavery groups opposed slave expansion. 19. Most of the early American settlers in Texas came from the South and Southwest. 20. The Tippecanoe in the Whigs 1840 campaign slogan was William Harrison.

Chapter 16 1. As a result of the introduction of the cotton gin, slavery was invigorated. 2. Plantation agriculture was wasteful because its excess cultivation of cotton despoiled good land. 3. German and Irish immigration to the South was discouraged by competition with slave labor. 4. Most slaves in the south were owned by plantation owners. 5. The majority of the southern whites owned no slaves because they could not afford the purchase price. 6. The most pro Union of the white southerners were mountain whites. 7. The great increase of the slave population in the first half of the 19th century was largely due to natural reproduction. 8. Northern attitudes toward free blacks can best be described as disliking the individual but liking the race. 9. For free blacks living in the North, discrimination was common. 10. Perhaps the slaves greatest horror and the theme of Beecher Stones Uncle Toms Cabin was the enforced separation of slave families. 11. Most slaves were raised in stable two-parent households. 12. As a result of white southerners brutal treatment of slaves and fear of rebellion, the South developed a theory of biological racial superiority. 13. Match each abolitionist below with his publication. i. William Lloyd Garrison- The Liberator ii. Theodore Dwight Weld- American Slavery as it Is iii. Fredrick Douglass- Narration of the Life of iv. David Walker- Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World 14. Many abolitionists turned to political action in 1840 when they backed the presidential candidate of the Liberty Party. 15. Members of the planter aristocracy dominated society and politics in the south. 16. All of the following were true of American economy under the Cotton Kingdom except the south reaped all the profits from cotton trade. 17. Plantation mistresses commanded a sizable household staff of mostly female slaves. 18. Only about of white southerners owned slaves. 19. Most white southerners were substinence farmers. 20. By the mid 19th century, most slaves lived on large plantations.

Chapter 20 1. European powers favored a civil war in the United States because war would weaken the United States power in the Western hemisphere. 2. Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumter when it was learned that Lincoln had ordered supplies sent to the fort. 3. To achieve its independence, the Confederacy had to fight the invading union army to a draw. 4. As the civil war began, the South seemed to have the advantage of more talented military leaders. 5. All of the following were similar characteristics that both Union and Confederate soldiers shared except: poor unskilled workers were well represented among both armies. 6. The greatest weakness of the South during the Civil War was its economy. 7. The Norths greatest strength in the Civil War was economy. 8. A supposed asset for the South at the beginning of the Civil War that never materialized to a real advantage was intervention from Britain and France. 9. The South believed that the British would come to its aid because Britain was dependent on Southern cotton. 10. France abandoned its attempt to control Mexico when the United States threatened to force France to leave. 11. During the Civil War, relations between the Union and Canada were at times very poor. 12. The problems that Lincoln experienced as president were less prostrating than those experienced by Davis partly because the North had a long established and fully recognized government. 13. To fill the armys demand for troops, the North relied mainly on volunteers. 14. The Unions establishment of the National Banking System was the first significant step toward a unified banking network since 1836. 15. As a result of the Civil War, the Northern economy emerged more prosperous than ever before. 16. Many northerners were willing to allow southern states to leave the Union until the South attacked Fort Sumter. 17. In order to persuade the border states to remain in the Union, President Lincoln used legally dubious methods. 18. Lincolns declaration that the North sought to preserve the Union with or without slavery revealed the influence of the border states on his policies. 19. During the Civil War, most the Five Civilized Tribes in the Indian territory of present-day Oklahoma supported the Confederacy. 20. Of all the hardships faced by the soldiers during the Civil War, the greatest was disease.

Chapter 21 1. At the beginning of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln favored quick military action to show the folly of secession. 2. Arrange the following in chronological order (already done here): i. Battle of Bull Run ii. Battle of Antietam iii. Battle of Gettysburg iv. Lees Surrender at Appomattox 3. In the Civil War, the South won the battle of Bull Run. 4. The Unions defeat at the Battle of Bull Run in 1861 was better known a victory because defeat caused Northerners to face up to the reality of a long difficult war. 5. George B. McLellan is best described as cautious. 6. As a result of the Confederate Victory in the Peninsula Campaign, the Union turned to a strategy of total war. 7. The Final Union War Strategy included all of the following except guerilla warfare. 8. The most alarming Confederate threat to the union blockade came from the iron clad Merrimack (the Virginia). 9. One of the key developments enabling the Union to stop the Confederate thrust into the North at Antietam was the Unions discovery of Robert E. Lees battle plans. 10. The two major battles of the Civil War fought on Union soil were Gettysburg and Antietam. 11. The Norths victory at Antietam allowed President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. 12. African Americans, who fought for the Union Army in the Civil War, served bravely and suffered extremely heavy casualties. 13. Robert E. Lee decided to invade the North through Pennsylvania in order to deliver a decisive blow that would strengthen the Northern Peace Movement. 14. The Battle of Gettysburg was significant because Union victory meant that the Southern cause was doomed. 15. One consequence of General William T. Shermans style of warfare was a shorter war that saved lives. 16. In the 1864 election, Abraham Lincolns running mate was Andrew Johnson. 17. General Ulysses S. Grants basic strategy in the Civil War involved assailing the enemies armies simultaneously and directly. 18. The assassination of Lincoln was a calamity for the South. 19. The supreme test of American Democracy in the 19th century was the Civil War. 20. The Civil War resulted in which of the following? All of the above.

Chapter 22 1. In the postwar South, the economy was utterly devastated. 2. The greatest achievements of the Freedmens Bureau were in education. 3. Andrew Johnson was named Lincolns second-term vice-president because he would politically attract War Democrats and pro-Union southerners. 4. The controversy surrounding the Wade-Davis Bill and readmission of the Confederate states to the Union demonstrated the deep differences between Lincoln and Congress. 5. President Johnsons plan for reconstruction aimed at the swift restoration of the southern states after a few basic conditions were met. 6. To many Northerners, the Black codes seemed to indicate that the arrogant South was acting as if the North had not really won the Civil War. 7. For congressional Republicans, one of the most troubling aspects of the Southern States quick restoration to the Union was that wit the black population fully counted, the South would be stronger than ever in national politics. 8. The Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed citizenship and civil rights to freed slaves. 9. Both moderate and radical Republicans agreed that freed slaves should be granted the right to vote. 10. Which of the following was not one of the Reconstruction era constitutional amendments? Twelfth (12th) 11. Many feminist leaders were especially disappointed with the 14th Amendment because it specified for the first time in the Constitution that only males could vote. 12. Which of the following is least related to the others? Ku Klux Klan 13. Political corruption during the reconstruction was common in both the North and the South. 14. Even though the Force Acts and the Union Army helped suppress the Ku Klux Klan, the group achieved its main goal of intimidating blacks and undermining them politically. 15. The official charge that the House of Representatives used to impeach President Johnson was his dismissal of Secretary of War Stanton contrary to the Tenure of Office Act. 16. In 1867 Secretary of State Seward achieved the Johnson administrations greatest success in foreign relations when he purchased Alaska from Russia. 17. The fate of the defeated Confederate leaders was that after brief jail terms, all were pardoned in 1868. 18. At the end of the Civil War, many white southerners still believed that their view of secession was correct. 19. Freedom for Southern blacks at the end of the Civil War came haltingly and unevenly in different parts of the conquered confederacy. 20. For blacks, emancipation meant all of the following except that large numbers would move north.

Unit 4 Questions Not on Previous Quizzes 1. Lincoln hoped that a Union Victory at Bull Run would lead to the capture of the Confederate Capital at Richmond. 2. When it was issued in 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation declared free only slaves in states still in rebellion against the United States. 3. After assuming command of the Army of the Potomac, General McLellan made the mistake of constantly believing the enemy outnumbered him. 4. The Confederate blockade runner, Merrimack was destroyed by Confederate soldiers. 5. The Battle of Antietam was particularly critical because it probably prevented intervention by Britain and France on behalf of the Confederacy. 6. The Union Armys victory in the capture of Atlanta was probably critical to Lincolns reelection in 1864. 7. The group most affected by the new industrial age was women. 8. The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the 19th century by providing railroad companies with (answer choice B). 9. The greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the Post Civil war years was the railroad network. 10. The U.S. changed to standard time zones when the major rail lines demanded common fixed times so that they could keep schedules on 2 tracks. 11. After the Civil War, the plentiful supply of unskilled labor in the U.S. helped to build the nation into an industrial giant. 12. Andrew Carnegie- steel; John D. Rockefeller- oil; J Pierpont Morgan- banking; James Duke- tobacco. 13. The steel industry owed much to the inventive genius of Henry Bessemer. 14. Americas first billion-dollar corporation was The Union Pacific Railroad. 15. In its efforts on behalf of workers, the National Labor Union won an eight hour day for government workers. 16. The most effective and most enduring labor union of the post Civil War period was the Knights of Labor.

Chapter 28 1. By the 1890s, the United States was bursting with a new sense of power generated by an increase in ALL OF THE ABOVE. 2. American imperialists who advocated acquisition of the Philippines especially stressed the economic potential for American businessmen seeking trade with China and other Asian nations. 3. In 1899, guerilla warfare broke out in the Philippines because the United States refused to give the Filipino people their independence. 4. The Philippine insurrection was finally broken in 1901 when Emilio Aguinaldo, the Filipino leader, was captured. 5. When Filipinos first came to the United States they worked mainly as agricultural laborers. 6. Americas initial Open Door policy was essentially an argument to promote free trade in China. 7. Chinas Boxer Rebellion was an attempt to throw out or kill all foreigners. 8. Once the Boxer uprising ended, China was spared further partition by foreign powers. 9. Teddy Roosevelt received the Republican vice-presidential nomination in 1900 mainly because New York party bosses wanted him out of the government. 10. As a vice-presidential candidate in 2900, Teddy Roosevelt matched William Jennings Bryans travels in a flamboyant campaign. 11. Theodore Roosevelt can best be described as highly energetic and egotistical. 12. As a President, Teddy Roosevelt proved progressive but willing to compromise. 13. Regarding the presidency, Teddy Roosevelt believed that the President could take any action not specifically prohibited by the laws and the constitution. 14. Construction of an isthmian canal was motivated mainly by a desire to improve the defense of the United States. 15. The alternative route to Panama seriously considered as the location for a canal between the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean was Nicaragua. 16. The United States gained a perpetual lease on the Panama Canal Zone in the HayBunau-Varilla treaty. 17. Teddy Roosevelt wanted an isthmian canal constructed quickly because it was essential to deploy a two-ocean navy immediately. 18. The Roosevelt Corollary added new provisions to the Monroe Doctrine designed to justify U.S. intervention in the affairs of Latin American countries. 19. Theodore Roosevelt became involved in the peace settlement for the Russo-Japanese War when Japan secretly asked him to help. 20. Japanese immigrants first entered the U.S. to work as laborers on Hawaiis sugar plantations.

Chapter 31 1. President Wilson broke diplomatic relations with Germany when Germany announced that it would wage unrestricted submarine warfare in the Atlantic. 2. The Zimmerman note involved a proposed secret agreement between Germany and Mexico. 3. The U.S. declared war on Germany after German U-Boats sank four unarmed American merchant vessels. 4. President Woodrow Wilson persuaded the Americans to enter the war by pledging to make the war a war to end all wars. 5. In an effort to make economic mobilization more efficient during WWI, the Federal Govt. took over and operated the Railroads. 6. The World War I military draft generally worked fairly effectively to provide military manpower. 7. Russias withdrawal from the War in 1918 resulted in the release of thousands of German troops for deployment on the front of France. 8. The supreme military commander of the American Forces during WWI was John J. Pershing. 9. The Second Battle of the Marne was significant because it marked the beginning of German withdrawal which was never reversed. 10. The U.S.s main contribution to Allied victory in WWI included all except battlefield victories. 11. The Germans were heavily demoralized by the U.S.s unlimited troop reserves. 12. Wilsons ultimate goal at the Paris Peace conference was to establish the League of Nations. 13. Republican Isolationists successfully turned William Hardings 1920 Presidential victory into a death sentence for the League of Nations. 14. The major weakness of the League of Nations was that it did not include the U.S. 15. President Wilson viewed Americas entry into WWI as an opportunity for the U.S. to shape a new international order based on the ideals of democracy. 16. When the U.S. entered WWI, it was poorly prepared to leap into global war. 17. During WWI the government treatment of labor could best be described as fair. 18. The 1919 steel strike resulted in a grievous setback crippling the union movement for a decade. 19. Most wartime agencies relied on volunteer compliance to prepare the economy for war. 20. When the U.S. entered the War in 1917, most Americans did not believe that it would be necessary to send a large American Army to Europe.