Determinants of Performance of Cooperatives in Gujarat1 Rajkot Dairy PACS Governance Patronage Moderate Cohessiveness to High Locus of Control In Principle

Board In Practice Board Critical Linkages Distinctive Weak Competitive Advantage Performance Moderate Demand Performance Moderate Support Micro-Environment Quality of local Highly Dynamics Variable Quality of Moderate selective insularity Local Poor Distinctive Comp. Adv. Patronage System Patronage High potential Centrality High Potential Operating System Patronage Low to Responsiveness Moderate Integrity of Moderate member co-op relationship Sabarkanta Dairy PACS Baroda Dairy Kheda Dairy Surat Dairy PACS Very High Board Board Very Strong High Very High Very Enabling Very High Very Strong Very High Moderate to High Very high Very high Very High Board Board Very Strong High Very High Very Enabling Very High Very Strong Very High Very High Very high Very high

Moderate High Board Board Strong Board Board Strong

Moderate Moderate Very High Board Board Strong Board Board Board Board

Moderate Very Strong Moderate High

Moderate Moderate Low High High

Moderate Moderate Very High Enabling High

Highly Highly Highly Highly Variable Variable Variable Variable Moderate Moderate Poor to Poor Moderate Strong Strong Poor

Moderate Strong

Very High Very High

High High

Very High Very High

High High

Very High Moderate to High

Moderate Moderate Low to Moderate High to Moderate very high High High Low Low to High to Moderate very high

Tushaar Shah, Making Farmers Cooperatives Work: Design, Governance and Management.(1995) Sage: India

The Anatomy of Malgovernance in North Indian Co-operatives Regional culture characterized by the lack of economic progress, weak rule of law, precapitalist production relations and well-entrenched bureaucracy

Disabling micro-dynamics Under-governance, Malgovernance Village coop boards forfeiture

Powerful state control on state federation; co-ops used as instruments of state-craft/development administration Elected dist co-op Nominated fedetation Malgovernance Bureaucratisation Boards Boards Disempowerm Low patronage cohesiveness ent Multiple lines of command Dependancy

Low patronage cohesiveness in governance structure

Low member orientation in the federal system

Weak Selective insularity

Poor performance support; poor performance demands

Poor competitive advantage

Low patronage cohesiveness in the operating system Declining member stake and allegiance

Poor performance; low centrality and insalience

Poor viability; low resources; low morale

The Secret of salience: Village Cooperatives in Gujarat

High internality in Village coop boards locus of control; high patronage cohesiveness

Tradition of Apex cooperative member Boards governance; high internality in locus of control; resourceful

Government/State Federation Benign and open state level policy environment; releatively low bureaucratic control

High patronage cohesiveness in governance structure

High member orientation in the federal system

Strong Selective insularity

Strong performance support; poor performance demands

Strong competitive advantage

High patronage responsiveness in the operating system High and rising member stake and allegiance High viability; resources for expansion; high morale

High performance; high centrality and salience