Environmental Management System

Dr. Suresh Jain Assistant Professor Department of Natural Resources, TERI University, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi-110 070 Email: sureshj@teri.res.in Web site: www.teriuniversity.ac.in

Objectives

Introduce students to the major environmental concepts and

issues confronting managers working in corporations, businesses, government, industries, and non-profit groups;
Provide students with strategic and operational approaches

to environmental management that can be taken by business and society; and

Introduce

students to the concept of environmental management systems and to ISO 14001, the international environmental management system standard.

ISO 14001 Overview

ANSI/ISO 14001 - 1996

4 EMS requirements
4.1 General 4.2 Environmental policy

4.4 Implementation and Operation

4.4.1 Responsibilities 4.4.2 Training 4.4.3 Communication 4.4.4 Environmental Management System Documentation 4.4.5 Document Control 4.4.6 Operational Control 4.4.7 Emergency Preparedness and Response

4.3Planning
4.3.1 Environmental Aspects 4.3.2 Legal Requirements 4.3.3 Objectives and Targets 4.3.4 Establishing Programs

4.5 Checking and Corrective Action

4.5.1 Monitoring and control 4.5.2 Non-Conformance and corrective and preventive action 4.5.3 Records 4.5.4 EMS Audits

4.6 Management Review

Clause 4.1: General Requirements

The organization shall establish and maintain an environmental

management system, the requirements of which are described in the whole of clause 4.
The

successful implementation of an environmental management system calls for the commitment of all employees of the organization . This commitment should begin at the highest levels of management.

The organization shall define and document the scope of its

environmental management system.

Initial Review

Includes an inventory of all environmental aspects, relevant laws and regulations and existing environmental procedures. Forms the basis for the environmental policy, objectives and targets and environmental management programs.

(Source: Zobel & Burman, 2004)

Contd.

An environmental review is a systematic process to

determine the impacts of an organization on the environment, and which of them are significant understand which activities/ products/ services cause significant environmental impacts know the extent to which the organization is controlling its significant aspects and whether effective controls are already in place be in a position to develop objectives and targets for environmental improvement and implement additional operational improvements, if possible

(Source: IEMA Handbook, 2005: Ed- John Brady)

4.2 Environmental policy

Top management shall define the organizations environmental policy and ensure that it a) is appropriate to the nature, scale and environmental impacts of its activities, products or services; b) includes a commitment to continual improvement and prevention of pollution; c) includes a commitment to comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations, and with other requirements to which the organization subscribes; d) provides the framework for setting and reviewing environmental objectives and targets; e) is documented, implemented and maintained and communicated to all employees; f) is available to the public

About the policy

It is a statement of an organizations intentions and principals in

relation to its overall environmental performance It provides a framework for the EMS objectives and targets It must be documented, communicated and implemented It reflects nature and scale of organization It includes commitment to continual improvement and pollution prevention It also includes commitment to regulatory and other requirements It should be communicated both internally and externally

Three Pillars of Environmental Policy

Environmental Policy Worksheet

ISO 14001 EMS Model

Continual Improvement

Management review

Environmental policy

Planning Checking and corrective action

Implementation and operation

Planning

4.3 Planning
4.3.1 Environmental aspects
The organization shall establish and maintain (a) procedure(s)

to identify the environmental aspects of its activities, products and services within the defined scope of the environmental management system that it can control and those that it can influence taking into account planned or new developments, or new or modified activities, products and services, and to determine those aspects that have or can have significant impact(s) on the environment (i.e. significant environmental aspects).

The organization shall keep this information up-to-date. The organization shall ensure that the significant environmental

aspects are taken into account in establishing, implementing and maintaining its environmental management system.

Aspects and Impacts

Aspect is an element of an organizations activities, products or services that can interact with the environment. A significant environmental aspect is an environmental aspect that has or can have a significant environmental impact. Defining aspects is often a challenging task for an organization and while deciding on the aspects, the business criteria must not be taken into account.

(Source: Zobel & Burman, 2004)

Link Between Aspects and Impacts

Examples

Environmental Aspects Worksheet

Techniques & data sources for identifying & evaluating environmental impacts

Contd

(Source: Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act; Clean Air Act , USA)

Aspect / Impact Evaluation

Identifying Aspects and Impacts

Some Questions to consider:

4.3.2 Legal & other requirements

The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a

procedure(s)

to identify and have access to the applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes related to its environmental aspects, and to determine how these requirements apply to its environmental aspects.

The organization shall ensure that these applicable legal

requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes are taken into account in establishing, implementing and maintaining its environmental management system.

4.3.3 Objectives and Targets

The organization shall establish and maintain documented environmental objectives and targets, at each relevant function and level within the organization. When establishing and reviewing its objectives, an organization shall consider the legal and other requirements, its significant environmental aspects, its technological options and its financial, operational and business requirements, and the views of interested parties. The objectives and targets shall be consistent with the environmental policy, including the commitment to prevention of pollution.

Environmental Objectives/targets

Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Step 5: Step 6: Step 7:

State the objective/target State the purpose of objective/target. (how does the objective/target support the environmental policy?) Describe how the objective/target is to be achieved. Designate the Objective/Target program leader. Designates departments and individuals responsible for the specific milestones. Establish schedule for milestones and completion of objective and target. Establish objective/target achievement program review format, content and schedule.

Objectives and Targets Worksheet

Objectives and Targets

Objectives and Targets

Need to:

reflect the environmental policy and the identified significant impacts consider financial, operational, and business requirements be specific and achievable where practicable, be quantifiable have deadlines

Comparing objectives and targets

Examples

4.3.4 Environmental management programme(s)

The organization shall establish and maintain (a) programme(s) for achieving its objectives and targets. It shall include: Designation of responsibility for achieving objectives and targets at each relevant function and level of the organization; The means and timeframe by which they are to be achieved If a project relates to new developments and new or modified activities, products or services, programme(s) shall be amended where relevant to ensure that environmental management applies to such projects.

Environmental Management Programs Worksheet

ISO 14001 EMS Model

Continual Improvement

Management review

Environmental policy

Planning
Checking and corrective action Implementation and operation

4. 4 Implementation & Operation

4.4.1 Structure & Responsibility

Management shall ensure the availability of resources essential to establish, implement, maintain and improve the environmental management system. Resources include human resources and specialized skills, organizational infrastructure, technology and financial resources. Roles, responsibility and authorities shall be defined, documented and communicated in order to facilitate effective environmental management.

Contd.

The organizations top management shall appoint (a) specific management representative(s) who, irrespective of other responsibilities, shall have defined roles, responsibilities and authority for

Ensuring that environmental management system requirements are established, implemented and maintained in accordance with this standard; Reporting on the performance of the environmental management system to top management for review and as a basis for improvement of the environmental management system.

4.4.2 Competence, training & awareness

The organization shall identify training needs. It shall require

that all personnel whose work may create a significant impact upon the environment, have received appropriate training.

It shall establish and maintain procedures to make its employees or members at each relevant function and level aware of The importance of conformance with the environmental policy and procedures and with the requirements of the environmental management system; The significant environmental impacts, actual or potential, of their work activities and the environmental benefits of improved personal performance;

Contd..
Their roles and responsibilities in achieving conformance with

the environmental policy and procedures and with the requirements of the environmental management system including emergency preparedness and response requirements;
The potential consequences of departure from specified

operating procedures.
Personnel performing the tasks which can cause significant

environmental impacts shall be competent on the basis for appropriate education, training and/or experience.

4.4.3 Communication
With regard to its environmental aspects and environmental

management system, the organization shall establish and maintain procedures for

internal communication between the various levels and functions of the organization; receiving, documenting and responding to relevant communication from external interested parties.

The

organization shall consider processes for external communication on its significant environmental aspects and record its decision. If the decision is to communicate, the organization shall establish and implement a method(s) for this external communication.

4.4.4 Documentation
The environmental management system documentation

shall include

the environmental policy, objectives and targets, description of the scope of the environmental management system, description of the main elements of the environmental management system and their interaction, and reference to related documents, documents, including records, required by this International Standard, and documents, including records, determined by the organization to be necessary to ensure the effective planning, operation and control of processes that relate to its significant environmental aspects.

Document Hierarchy for ISO 14000

Level 1: Environmental Management System Manual Environmental policy, policies for each clause, organization charts, indexed to Level 2 procedures Level 2: Environmental Procedures. What the firm does to meet Level 1 policies Procedure for each clause, indexed to Level 3 Level 3: Practices These are process procedures and work instructions by which work is accompanied. Level 4: Proof These are the organizations record.

1 Policy 2 Procedure 3 Practice 4 - Proof

4.4.5 Control of documents

Records are a special type of document and shall be controlled in

accordance with the requirements given in 4.5.4. The organization shall establish, implement procedure(s) to

and

maintain

approve documents for adequacy prior to issue, review and update as necessary and re-approve documents, ensure that changes & the current revision status of documents are identified, ensure that relevant versions of applicable documents are available at points of use, ensure that documents remain legible and readily identifiable, ensure that documents of external origin determined by the organization to be necessary for the planning and operation of the environmental management system are identified and their distribution controlled.

Records - examples

4.4.6 Operational Control

The organization shall identify and plan those operations that are

associated with the identified significant environmental aspects consistent with its environmental policy, objectives and targets, in order to ensure that they are carried out under specified conditions, by

establishing, implementing and maintaining a documented procedure(s) to control situations where their absence could lead to deviation from the environmental policy, objectives and targets, and stipulating the operating criteria in the procedure(s), and establishing, implementing and maintaining procedures related to the identified significant environmental aspects of goods and services used by the organization and communicating applicable procedures and requirements to suppliers, including contractors.

4.4.7 Emergency preparedness & response

The

organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) to identify potential emergency situations and potential accidents that can have an impact(s) on the environment and how it will respond to them. accidents and prevent or mitigate associated adverse environmental impacts.

The organization shall respond to actual emergency situations and

The organization shall periodically review and, where necessary, revise

its emergency preparedness and response procedures, in particular, after the occurrence of accidents or emergency situations.
The organization shall also periodically test such procedures where

practicable.

ISO 14001 EMS Model

Continual Improvement

Management review

Environmental policy

Planning Checking and corrective action Implementation and operation

4.5 Checking
4.5.1 Monitoring & measurement
The

organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) to monitor and measure, on a regular basis, the key characteristics of its operations that can have a significant environmental impact. The procedure(s) shall include the documenting of information to monitor performance, applicable operational controls and conformity with the organization's environmental objectives and targets.

The organization shall ensure that calibrated or verified monitoring

and measurement equipment is used and maintained and shall retain associated records.

4.5.3 Nonconformity, corrective action & preventive action

The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) for dealing with actual and potential nonconformity and for taking corrective action and preventive action. The procedure(s) shall define requirements for

identifying and correcting nonconformity(ies) and taking action(s) to mitigate their environmental impacts, investigating nonconformity(ies), determining their cause(s) and taking actions in order to avoid their recurrence, evaluating the need for action(s) to prevent nonconformity(ies) and implementing appropriate actions designed to avoid their occurrence, recording the results of corrective action(s) and preventive action(s) taken, and reviewing the effectiveness of corrective action(s) and preventive action(s) taken.

Nonconformance and Corrective Action

Non-conformities

CAR
Corrective Action Request It provides brief details of the nonconformity to which the

corrective action relates and provides information on what needs to be done.

It identifies the person who needs to undertake the corrective

action and also provides a time-scale to complete it.

4.5.2 Evaluation of compliance

4.5.2.1 Consistent with its commitment to compliance, the organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) for periodically evaluating compliance with applicable legal requirements. The organization shall keep records of the results of the periodic evaluations. 4.5.2.2 The organization shall evaluate compliance with other requirements to which it subscribes. The organization may wish to combine this evaluation with the evaluation of legal compliance referred to in 4.5.2.1 or to establish a separate procedure(s). The organization shall keep records of the results of the periodic evaluations.

4.5.4 Control of records

The organization shall establish and maintain records as necessary to

demonstrate conformity to the requirements of its environmental management system and of this International Standard, and the results achieved.
The

organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) for the identification, storage, protection, retrieval, retention and disposal of records.

Records shall be and remain legible, identifiable and traceable.

4.5.5 Internal audit

The organization shall ensure that internal audits of

the environmental management conducted at planned intervals to:

system

are

determine whether the environmental management system

conforms to planned arrangements for environmental management including the requirements of this International Standard, and has been properly implemented and is maintained, and

provide information management.

on

the

results

of

audits

to

ISO 14001 EMS Model

Continual Improvement

Management review

Environmental policy

Planning Checking and corrective action

Implementation and operation

4.6 Management review

The organizations top management shall, at intervals it determines, review the environmental management system, to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness. The management review process shall ensure that the necessary information is collected to allow management to carry out this evaluation. This review shall be documented. The management review shall address the possible need for changes to policy, objectives and other elements of the environmental management system, in the light of environmental management system audit results, changing circumstances and the commitment to continual improvement.

Linkages among EMS audits, corrective action & management review

Roadmap for EMS Development

Examples of environmental initiatives by companies leading to business improvement

Century Pulp and Paper
a) Water Conservation Measures

Reduction of water consumption (reclamation of unbleached thicker backwater) Re-circulation of water at RGP Chip Wash Plant and Chipper Conservation of fresh water being used as sealing water by recycling

b)

Energy Conservation Measures

Optimisation of energy in pumps, fans Reduction in steam, water and chemicals consumption Extra pith burning in place of coal Improving boiler and equipment efficiency

c) Waste Minimisation Programmes

A systematic approach to solid waste disposal is adopted. Lime sludge is recalcined in a

rotary lime kiln to obtain lime instead of dumping as landfill. Effluent sludge is segregated and thickened. After that, the thickened sludge is disposed to paperboard manufacturing units. Dry pith from bagasse pulp mill is burnt in coal-fired boilers.

Contd.
Cost Benefit Analysis for implementing ISO 14000 System

Costs
Consultancy and Certification fee Miscellaneous costs Total

Rs in lacs
6.75 5.50 12.25

Quantified Benefits Power Savings Fuel Savings Lubricant Savings Savings in Waste Disposal costs Total

Annual Savings

(In Rs lacs.)
520 222 56 13 Lacs (8 Crore, 11 Lacs per yr.)

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited

a) Water Conservation Measures

Reuse of wastewater generated from filter press operation for other miscellaneous uses and recirculation of cooling water at jiggering and kiln areas.
b) Energy Conservation Measures

Optimise kiln loading, insulation of ducts, process flow improvement by introduction of capacitor bank, use of high efficiency motors and variable speed drives.
c) Air pollution control measures

Introduction of wet scrubber for standardised glazing Dust Extraction System, reconditioning of Dust Extraction System of Shot blasting machine at foundry

Contd.
d) Waste Minimisation Programmes

Recovery of solid waste generated at grid washing Crushing and reuse of rejected ceramic tiles
e) Mitigation of Green house Gases

Energy efficiency studies have been conducted on kilns furnaces, dryers & boilers and implemented efficiency improvement programme to reduce specific fuel consumption, which in turn reduces green house gases emission.

Contd.
Cost Benefit Analysis for implementing ISO 14000 System
Costs
Consultancy Fee Training fee Certification fee (per 3 years) Investment on Environmental Pollution control Equip. Miscellaneous Costs Total

Annual Cost (in Rs. Lacs)

3.64 2.02 2.48 11.05 0.65 Rs. 19.84 Lacs

Quantified Benefits
Power Savings Fuel Savings Lubricants Savings Rs. Savings in Waste disposal costs Resource Savings Savings through Recycling Total

Annual Savings( in Rs Lacs )

15.0 14.0 00.6 00.2 40.0 30.3 Rs. 100.1 Lacs per year

VAM Organic Chemicals Limited

a) Water Conservation Measures

Recycling of vacuum pumps, compressors and blower;s cooling water after cooling through heat exchanger and cooling tower. Saving of raw water by using Organic Section Effluent as dilution water for spent wash in bio-methanation plant. Reductions in cooling tower blow down by adopting state-of-art treatment from Ion Exchange (India) Ltd. Utilization of cooling tower blow down and side stream filter for dust control.

Contd.
b) Energy Conservation Measures

Energy audit for steam and condensate recovery systems was carried out. Its recommendations are being implemented in phased manner. Gains from improvement in condensate recovery system have, however, not been shown here.
c) Waste Minimisation Programmes

WMP was developed to stop the process leakage to minimise the wastage of materials. In order to avoid alcohol condensation and consequent draining, super heater was installed before acetaldehyde reactor. During the start-up process, air was being used to attain the pressure and in the process air was vented, resulting in the loss of material. The procedure was modified to use nitrogen during start-up for pressure without releasing anything from the system.

Contd.
Cost Benefit Analysis for implementing ISO 14000 System
Costs of implementation Consultancy Fee Training Fee Investment on Environmental Pollution Control Equipment (installation/Monitoring etc.) Miscellaneous Cost Total Quantified Benefits Gains from measures involving adoption better work practices Gains from measures involving modifications Acetaldehyde & Acetic Acid Plants Total Rs. In lacs 3.7 0.9 36.98 0.9 42.48 Annual (Rs.in lacs) 258.76 lacs 230.40 lacs 489.16 per yr.

Prevention of Pollution Hierarchy

Pollution Prevention
Pfizer Global Research & Development (formerly Warner-

Lambert Parke-Davis) has a pollution prevention program that shows that improving the environment and the bottom line can go hand-in-hand. For example:

By replacing chillers and redesigning chilling systems to be more efficient, the company has realized $250,000 in energy savings. Also, because the company is more energy efficient, it has reduced emissions from its local power supplier. By redesigning and modifying its dust collection system, the company replaced its 100-hp motors with 40 hp motors, without compromising the effectiveness of the dust collection system. This project lowered the companys operating costs and reduced emissions at the local power plant.

Resources

Installing Environmental Management Systems: A step-by-Step Guide (first edition) Christopher Sheldon and Mark Yoxon, Earthscan Publications, First South Asian Edition 1999. ISO 14000 Environmental Management, David L Goetsch and Stanley B Davis, Prentice Hall, 2001. Environmental Management Strategies, The 21st Century Perspective, Gabriele Cronale, P.E., Prentice Hall PTR Publications, 1999. http://www.bis.org.in/cert/emscert.htm (ISO 14000 in India) http://india.smetoolkit.org/india/en/content/en/279/Creating-anEnvironmental-Management-System-EMShttp://www.downtoearth.org.in/full6.asp?foldername=20050228&filename=ne ws&sec_id=4&sid=71

Case Studies
http://www.hclinfosystems.in/hclesafe_ipr.html- HCL http://www.nokia.com/A41403031- Nokia