PRODUCTS FROM IMORTANT PROCESSES Textbook (Book 2) : p.

245 – 260

Chlorine and Hypochorite

Public Exam Questions :
1. There is a gradual change in the properties of halogens from chlorine to iodine. Which of the
following properties are in the order

chlorine < bromine < iodine

(1) oxidizing power

(2) density
(3) boiling point
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
(HKCEE 1993)

2. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A. Tin is used for making food can.
B. Sulphuric acid is used for making soap.
C. Ammonium chloride is used for making dry cells.
D. Chlorine is used for sterilizing drinking water.
(HKCEE 1993)

3. A solution of chlorine in tetrachloromethane is shaken with an aqueous solution of a compound

X in a test tube. On standing, two layers are formed in the test tube and the lower layer is violet
in colour. X may be
A. sodium fluoride
B. sodium bromide
C. sodium iodide
D. sodium sulphite
(HKCEE 1994)

4. Compound X is a white solid. When X is warmed with sodium hydroxide solution, a gas is
evolved which turns moist red litmus paper blue. When chlorine water is added to an aqueous
solution of X, a brown solution is formed. X is probably
A. ammonium bromide.
B. ammonium chloride.
C. sodium bromide.
D. sodium chloride.
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PRODUCTS FROM IMORTANT PROCESSES Textbook (Book 2) : p.245 – 260

(HKCEE 1995)
5.

Which of the following statements concerning the gas produced in the above experiment are
correct?
(1) It is toxic.
(2) It is readily soluble in 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
(3) It can turn red litmus solution blue and then colourless.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
(HKCEE 1998)

6. Which of the following statements concerning household bleach is correct?

A. The active ingredient of household bleach is sodium hydroxide.
B. Household bleach is produced by dissolving chlorine in water.
C. Household bleach can be used as a drain opener.
D. The raw material for manufacturing household bleach is sodium chloride.
(HKCEE 1999)

7. 1st statement : Chlorine is a better bleaching agent for silk than sulphur dioxide.
2nd statement : Chlorine bleaches by reduction.
(HKCEE 2000)
8. Which of the following statements concerning the formation of chloride ions from chlorine
atoms is correct?
A. The number of shells occupied by electrons in a chlorine atom equals that in a chloride ion.
B. The atomic number of chlorine increases by 1.
C. The mass number of chlorine increases by 1.
D. The change is an oxidation.
(HKCEE 2001)

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PRODUCTS FROM IMORTANT PROCESSES Textbook (Book 2) : p.245 – 260

9. In which of the following experiments would a gas be produced?

(1) adding water to a solid mixture of citric acid and sodium hydrogencarbonate
(2) adding dilute hydrochloric acid to odium hypochlorite solution
(3) adding chlorine water to potassium iodide solution
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
(HKCEE 2001)

10. Compound X dissolves in water to give a colourless solution. When chlorine gas is bubbled into
the solution, the solution turns brown. X is probably
A. ammonium iodide.
B. iron(II) sulphate.
C. sodium sulphite.
D. potassium hydroxide.
(HKCEE 2002)

11. Which of the following statements concerning sodium hydroxide is INCORRECT?

A. It is manufactured by treating sodium with water.
B. Its concentrated solution is corrosive.
C. It is used in the manufacture of soapless detergents.
D. It absorbs carbon dioxide when exposed to air.
(HKCEE 2002)

12. Which of the following statements concerning halogens is INCORRECT?

A. Compounds of fluorine are added to tap water to help prevent tooth decay.
B. Chlorine is used as a sterilizing agent.
C. Bromine is a volatile liquid.
D. Iodine vapour is brown in colour.
(HKCEE 2003)

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PRODUCTS FROM IMORTANT PROCESSES Textbook (Book 2) : p.245 – 260

13. Which of the following combinations is correct?

Chemical Hazardous nature

A. sodium oxidizing
B. mercury toxic
C. ethyl ethanoate irritant
D. potassium dichromate explosive
(HKCEE 2003)

14. Consider the following information about three elements, X, Y and Z.

Element Atomic number

X 12
Y 16
Z 17

Which of the following statements concerning X, Y and Z is correct?

A. X reacts with Z to form an ionic compound.
B. Y is a stronger oxidizing agent than Z.
C. X has a simple molecular structure.
D. Y can conduct electricity in the molten state.
(HKCEE 2003)

15. X is a bleaching agent. X bleaches a dye by oxidation and becomes Y at the end of the reaction.
Which of the following combinations is correct?
X Y
A. Cl2(aq) Cl-(aq)
B. Cl2(aq) OCl-(aq)
C. SO2(aq) SO32-(aq)
D. SO2(aq) SO42-(aq)
(HKCEE 2003)

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PRODUCTS FROM IMORTANT PROCESSES Textbook (Book 2) : p.245 – 260

16. Which of the following statements concerning chlorine are correct?

(1) It turns blue litmus solution red and then colourless.
(2) It is used to manufacture sodium chloride.
(3) It is denser than air.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
(HKCEE 2003)

17. Chlorine can be prepared from concentrated hydrochloric acid and potassium permanganate
according to the following equation :

2KMnO4 + x HCl → 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + y H2O + z Cl2

What is the value of z?

A. 4
B. 5
C. 8
D. 10
(HKCEE 2004)

18. Which of the following reagents can be used to distinguish sodium bromide solution from
sodium chloride solution?
A. bromine water
B. chlorine water
C. 1,1,1-trichloroethane
D. potassium fluoride solution
(HKCEE 2004)

19. The main chemical constituent of bleaching powder is calcium hypochlorite. Which of the
following statements concerning bleaching powder is INCORRECT?
A. It works effectively with soaps in cleaning processes.
B. It can be used as a domestic sterilizing agent.
C. It reacts with acids readily to give chlorine.
D. It bleaches by oxidation.
(HKCEE 2004)

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PRODUCTS FROM IMORTANT PROCESSES Textbook (Book 2) : p.245 – 260

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PRODUCTS FROM IMORTANT PROCESSES Textbook (Book 2) : p.245 – 260

20. Which of the following substances, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with pH greater
than 7?
(1) chlorine
(2) calcium oxide
(3) sulphur dioxide
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only
(HKCEE 2004)

21. Chlorine is manufactured by the electrolysis of brine. Which of the following products can also
be obtained in the manufacturing process?
(1) hydrogen
(2) sodium hydroxide
(3) sodium hypochlorite
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
(HKCEE 2004)

22. Which of the following combinations correctly describes the difference between sulphur dioxide
bleach and chlorine bleach?

sulphur dioxide bleach chlorine bleach

A. bleaching by oxidation bleaching by reduction

B. faster bleaching action slower bleaching action
C. temporary bleaching effect permanent bleaching effect
D. suitable for bleaching cotton suitable for bleaching silk
(HKCEE 2005)

23. 1st statement : Iodine can displace chlorine from potassium chloride solution.
2nd statement : Iodine is a stronger oxidizing agent than chlorine.
(HKCEE 2005)

24.

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PRODUCTS FROM IMORTANT PROCESSES Textbook (Book 2) : p.245 – 260

Suggested Answers :

1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. D 8. A 9. A 10 A
.
11. C 12 D 13 B 14 A 15 A 16 B 17 B 18 B 19 A 20 B
. . . . . . . . .
21 D 22 C 23 D
. . .

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PRODUCTS FROM IMORTANT PROCESSES Textbook (Book 2) : p.245 – 260

Explanation of M.C. Questions :

1. choice (1) : wrong. The oxidizing power is increasing down the group, i.e. chlorine is the most
oxidizing and iodine is the least.
choice (2) : correct.
According to Avogadro’s law, under same temperature and pressure, different
types of gases have the same volume.
volume of gas at that condition
From this equation, no. of moles = molar volume at that condition , chlorine, bromine and

iodine have same no. of moles.

Using mass = no. of moles × molar mass, mass of iodine is the greatest and that of
chlorine is the smallest.
mass
Again, using density = volume , density of iodine is the greatest and that of chlorine

is the smallest.
choice (3) : correct. Boiling point of halogens depends on the strength of van der Waals’ force
between molecules.
Strength of van der Waals’ force depends on the size of molecule, the larger the
molecule, the stronger the van der Waals’ force (more interaction between
molecules).
Iodine molecule is the largest among three, chlorine molecule is the smallest. The
boiling point of iodine is the highest and that of chlorine is the lowest.
Ans. : C

2. A : correct.
B : wrong. H2SO4 is used to make soapless detergents.
C : correct.
D : correct.
Ans. : C

3. The first part indicates that chlorine can react with compound X (In fact, it is a redox reaction.
Cl2 is oxidizing agent, X is reducing agent.). ---------- NaBr / NaI / Na2SO3.
The second part indicates that the oxidized form of X when dissolved in organic solvent
appear violet. (Tetrachloromethane is denser than water. It is the lower layer.) ---------- NaI.
Relevant chemical equation :
Cl2(aq) + 2NaI(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + I2(aq)
Ans. : C

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PRODUCTS FROM IMORTANT PROCESSES Textbook (Book 2) : p.245 – 260

4. In the first part, compound X should react with NaOH to give acidic gas ( turns moist red
litmus paper to blue). ---------- NH4Br / NH4Cl.
In the second part, X can react with Cl2(aq) to give a brown solution. (In fact, it is a redox
reaction. Cl2 is oxidizing agent, X is reducing agent.). ---------- NH4Br.
Relevant chemical equations :
NH4Br(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NH3(g) + NaBr(aq) + H2O(l)
NH3(g) + H2O(l) NH4OH(aq)
2NH4Br(aq) + Cl2(aq) → 2NH4Cl(aq) + Br2(aq)
Ans. : A

5. reaction between HCl and household bleach :

Cl-(aq) + OCl-(aq) + 2H+(aq) → Cl2(g) + H2O(l)
statement (1) : correct. Cl2(g) is a toxic gas.
statement (2) : correct. Cl2, a simple molecule, is very soluble in non-aqueous solvents –
1,1,1-trichloroethane.
statement (3) : wrong. Cl2 has acidic and oxidizing properties. It can turn moist blue litmus
solution to red and then colourless.
Ans. : A

6. A : wrong. The active ingredient of household bleach is sodium hypochlorite.

B : wrong. Household bleach is manufactured by the reaction between sodium hydroxide and
chlorine.
Cl2(g) + 2NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + NaOCl(aq) + 2H2O(l)
C : wrong.
D : correct. The raw materials are chlorine and sodium hydroxide. They can be obtained from
the electrolysis of concentrated sodium chloride solution, i.e. brine.
Ans. : D

7. 1st statement : wrong. Chlorine is a poor bleaching agent. It will destroy the structure of silk.
2nd statement : wrong. Chlorine bleaches by oxidation.
Ans. : D

8. A : correct. They both occupied 3 electron shells.

B : wrong. On reaction, there is no change in atomic number, i.e. the no. of protons in nucleus;
otherwise, it is no longer chlorine.
C : wrong. On reaction, the mass number, i.e. the sum of proton no. and neutron no. (their nos.
do not change), doesn’t change.
D : wrong. The change is reduction as the O.N. decreases from 0 to -1.
Ans. : A
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PRODUCTS FROM IMORTANT PROCESSES Textbook (Book 2) : p.245 – 260

9. experiment (1) : can.

NaHCO3(aq) + H+(aq) → Na+(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
(from citric acid)
experiment (2) : can.
Cl-(aq) + OCl-(aq) + 2H+(aq) → Cl2(g) + H2O(l)
experiment (3) : can’t.
Cl2(aq) + 2NaI(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + I2(aq).
Ans. : A

10. In the first part, compound X should give a colourless solution. ---------- NH4I / Na2SO3 /
KOH.
In the second part, X can react with Cl2 to give brown solution. (In fact, it is a redox reaction.
Cl2 is oxidizing agent, X is reducing agent.). ---------- NH4I.
Relevant chemical equation :
2NH4I(aq) + Cl2(aq) → 2NH4Cl(aq) + I2(aq)
Ans. : A

11. A : correct.
2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
B : correct. Concentrated NaOH is corrosive.
C : wrong. It is used to manufacture soapy detergents.
D : correct.
NaOH is hygroscopic. It can react with CO2 through as if “neutralization”.
2NaOH(aq) + CO2(g) → Na2CO3(aq) + H2O(l)
Ans. : C

12. A : correct.
B : correct.
C : correct. Br2, at room temperature and pressure, is a liquid. “Volatile” means the liquid
easily turns to vapour. Since the van der Waals’ force between Br2 molecules are weak, it
is easily broken and thus becomes a vapour.
D : wrong. I2 vapour is purple in colour.
Ans. : D

13. A : wrong. Na is reducing.

B : correct.
C : wrong. It is harmful.
D : wrong. It is oxidizing.
Ans. : B
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PRODUCTS FROM IMORTANT PROCESSES Textbook (Book 2) : p.245 – 260

14. X : magnesium
Y : sulphur
Z : chlorine

A : correct. X is metal and Z is non-metal. They react to form an ionic compound.

B : wrong. Y is a weaker oxidizing agent than Z.
C : wrong. X has a giant metallic structure.
D : wrong. Y can’t conduct electricity even in molten state.
Ans. : A

15. Bleaching by oxidation – Cl2

It bleaches substance by donating its O.
OCl- + dye → Cl- + (dye+O)
Ans. : A

16. sentence (1) : correct. Cl2 has both acidic and beaching properties.
Cl2(g) + H2O(l) → HCl(aq) + HOCl(aq)
HCl turns red litmus solution to blue. HOCl has bleaching properties, it removes
the colour from the resulting solution.
sentence (2) : incorrect. It is too expensive to produce NaCl in this way.
sentence (3) : correct.
Ans. : B

17. 2KMnO4 + 10HCl → 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5H2O + 5Cl2

Ans. : B

18. A : cannot.
B : can. It reacts with NaBr to give brown solution. But it can’t react with NaCl.
Cl2(aq) + 2NaBr(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + Br2(aq)
C : cannot. They neither dissolve in 1,1,1-trichloroethane – a non-aqueous solvent.
D : cannot.
Ans. : B

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PRODUCTS FROM IMORTANT PROCESSES Textbook (Book 2) : p.245 – 260

19. A : wrong. Soaps reacts with calcium hypochlorite to form scum. Soaps lose its cleaning
function.
B : correct. It is a solid bleach. It has similar functions to chlorine bleach.
C : correct. Its active ingredient is hypochlorite, which reacts with acid to give Cl2(g).
Cl-(aq) + OCl-(aq) + 2H+(aq) → Cl2(g) + H2O(l)
D : correct. It acts similarly to chlorine bleach in bleaching process.
OCl- + dye → Cl- + (dye+O)
Ans. : A

20. pH greater than 7 means the substance is alkaline.

substance (1) : wrong. Cl2 dissolved in water to give acidic substances.
Cl2(g) + H2O(l) → HCl(aq) + HOCl(aq)
HCl(aq) → H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
substance (2) : correct. It dissolved in water to give alkaline calcium hydroxide.
CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(aq)
substance (3) : wrong. SO2 dissolved in water to give acidic substance.
SO2(g) + H2O(l) → H2SO3(aq)
H2SO3(aq) 2H+(aq) + SO32-(aq)
Ans. : B

21. Using graphites anode and cathode :

At anode : 2Cl-(aq) → Cl2(g) + 2e-
At cathode : 4OH-(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g) + 4e-
combine with Na+ ions to give NaOH, which in turns reacts with Cl2 to give NaOCl.
2NaOH + Cl2 → NaCl + NaOCl + 2H2O

Using graphite anode and mercury cathode :

At anode : 2Cl-(aq) → Cl2(g) + 2e-
At cathode : Na+(aq) + e- → Na
Na(s) + Hg(l) → Na/Hg(l)
2Na/Hg(l) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g) + 2Hg(l)

substance (1) : can.

substance (2) : can.
substance (3) : can.
Ans. : D

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PRODUCTS FROM IMORTANT PROCESSES Textbook (Book 2) : p.245 – 260

22. A : wrong. SO2 bleaches by reduction but Cl2 bleaches by oxidation.

B : wrong. SO2 bleaches slowly but Cl2 bleaches fast and vigorously.
C : correct. The “O” part of white substances bleached by SO2 can be replenished from air.
D : wrong. Cl2 will destroy the structure of silk.
Ans. : C

23. 1st statement : wrong. Iodine, as a weaker oxidizing agent, can’t oxidize Cl- to Cl2.
2nd statement : wrong. Iodine is a weaker oxidizing agent than Cl2.
Ans. : D

---------- End of Analysis ----------

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