Unit 1-4 Present Tenses

Tenses in English Grammar
Pre-Intermediate/Intermediate
Chapter 1 PRESENT TENSES
2010 by tengsaman@yahoo.com
Unit 1
Form:
PRESENT SIMPLE
Positive: Negative: Question:
Sub Sub
+ V1 + do/does + not + V1 ?
(he, she, it)
+ V1
Do/Does + Sub
-s -es
Usage:
We use Present Simple to show/talk about: Regular / routine activities or habits
e.g. She always gets up at seven. He goes to school every day. They clean their car two times a week. present simple
General truths or facts

e.g. The water boils at 100 degree Celsius. People always feel nervous before having job interview. The sun sets in the west. present simple (Facts)
(General truths)
Permanent/long-term situations
e.g. He works for Nokia. They live in the States. He drives to school. present simple
States (we use it with stative verbs)
e.g. He likes going out in the evening. IBM is one of the largest computer companies. Mary owns an art gallery in Phnom Penh. present simple ) ...... (
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Unit 2
PRESENT CONTINUOUS (PRESENT PROGRESSIVE)
Form:
Positive: Negative: Question: Sub Sub + am/is/are + V-ING + am/is/are + not + V-ING ? + V-ING
Am/Is/Are + Sub
Usage:
We use Present Continuous to show/talk about: t Things that are happening now or happening at the time of speaking
e.g. She is playing piano at the moment. We are sitting in the class now. They are playing football. present continuous
When you are in the middle/process of doing something, or unfinished actions (although the time you speak, you are not doing the action)
e.g. I am reading Romeo & Juliet this month. We are working on a project at the moment. She is writing a new novel.
present continuous
Temporary situations
e.g. He is sitting in the front row this morning. She is driving to school this week. They live in London, but now they are living in Manchester. present continuous
A situation or something that keeps changing or is changing gradually.
e.g. It is getting more and more difficult to find the job now. The prices of all products are increasing at a remarkable rate. present continuous
To show future meaning
e.g. What are you doing this afternoon? I am seeing the doctor on Monday next week. We are going to the cinema tonight. present continuous
To express annoyance or complaints on someones behavior or a situation: Used with always or constantly
e.g. Nortons driving me crazy! Hes always leaving his dirty socks on the living room floor! My son is always getting parking tickets! He needs to learn to pay more attention when he parks his car. present continuous always / constantly
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Comparison Present Simple

Habits, Regular/Routine activities
e.g. He always comes to school. He goes swimming once a week.
Present Continuous
Action happening now
e.g. Look! He is playing football now. He is swimming in the pool.
Present Simple
Present continuous
Long-term/permanent situations
e.g. He lives in Canada. She is a doctor.
Temporary situation
e.g. He is speaking very polite today. Youre being an old person this time.
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Used with adverbs of frequency always, usually hardly ever, and never to show habits.
e.g. They frequently go abroad. She is always punctual.
Used with adverb of frequency always or constantly to show annoyance/ complaints.

e.g. Oh! Hes always asking stupid questions. Mark. You are always getting up late.
constantly
Present Simple )
adverb of frequency (. always
Present Continuous
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Unit 3
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Form:
Positive: Negative: Question:
Sub Sub Have/Has

V3
+ have/has + have/has + Sub

(V1 + -ed
+ V3 + not + V3 ?

+ V3
Irregular verbs)
Usage:
We use Present Perfect Simple to show/talk about: Things that happened at an indefinite time in the past
e.g. I have met him before. They have taken the exam. She has finished her homework.
Note:
When we know the time that the action happened, we use past simple not present perfect simple.
e.g. She bought a new bike last week.
(Correct)
She has bought a new bike last week. (Incorrect) present perfect simple
past simple
present perfect simple

Things that started in the past have continued up to now.

e.g. We have known each other since we were in high school. They have lived here for five years. She has worked on the computer since six this morning. present perfect simple
Things that happened in the past and you can see the result now (past actions with present results)
e.g. He has washed his car. (= It is clean.) They have spent all of their money. (= They are broke.) John has painted his house. (= It looks nice.) present perfect simple
Experiences
e.g. We have never been to any place together before. Its the most beautiful village I have ever been to. I have never driven a Mercedes. present perfect simple
Common Adverbs:
a. FOR /SINCE For + a period of time: Used to say how long something lasts.
e.g. I have known her for three years. I have been here for a month. I have had my car for ages. for +
Since + a point of time (or a starting point): Used to say when something began.
e.g. I have been friends her since 2006. I have lived since we I was in high school. I have had my bike since my birthday. since + ( ) )
b. YET/ ALREADY /STILL Still: Used to say something is in the present, not in the past it has not finished. We usually place it in mid-position (before the main verb, after verb to be).
e.g. He is still asleep. It is still raining. Still (
main verb verb)

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Yet: Used to say something is in the future, not the present or past it has not finished. We usually place it at the end of the sentence.
e.g. Has Sally arrived yet? Not yet.
The postman hasnt come yet.
Yet
Already: Used to say something is in the present or past, not inthe future perhaps it has happened sooner that we have expected. We usually place it in mid-position (before the main verb, after verb to be).
e.g. I have already finished the report. Shes already had breakfast.
Already
main verb verb)
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Unit 4
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Form:
Positive: Sub + have / has + been + V-ING + have / has + Not + been V-ING + been + V-ING ? Negative: Sub
Question: Have/has + Sub
Usage:
We use Present Perfect Continuous to show/talk about: an action that has just stopped / finished
e.g. You look tired. Have you been sleeping properly? I can smell smoke. Has somebody been smoking? I've got a headache and a stiff neck. I've been working too long on computer. present perfect continuous
tired, smell smoke,
headache and stiff neck
an action that happened in the past and it continues up to the present -- when we want to focus on the activity / or to say that something is still happening
e.g. I've been waiting for him for 30 minutes and he still hasn't arrived. He's been asking me about it for days. I wish he would stop. You haven't been performing well over the last few months.
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present perfect continuous
Present Perfect Simple vs. Present Perfect Continuous
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

Action has finished I have read Romeo and Juliet.
(You have finished the story.)
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Action is still happening I have been reading Romeo and Juliet.

(You are in the process of reading.)
Focus on the Result I have read the report.

(Result: I got the information.)
Focus on the activity Ive been reading the report quite long.
(Activity: reading letters is focused.)
Show the Quantity: (How much / many ?) How much have you spent for the party? I have spent about one hundred dollars.
Show the Duration: (How long ?) How long have you been living here? I have been living here for two years.
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REFERENCES
1. Betty S. Azar (1999). Understanding and Using English Grammar. 3rd edition. Prentice Hall Regents 2. Elaine Walker et al (2000). Grammar Practice. 1st edition. Longman 3. Marjorie Fuchs et al (2000). Focus on Grammar. 2nd edition. Longman 4. Michael Vince (2003). Advanced Language Practice. 15th publication. Macmillan Heinemann 5. HTTP://WWW.ENGLISHPAGE.COM/VERBPAGE/VERBTENSEINTRO.HTML/ 6. HTTP://A4ESL.ORG/ 7. HTTP://WWW.TOLEARNENGLISH.COM/ 8. HTTP://WWW.ENGLISCH-HILFEN.DE/EN/GRAMMAR_LIST/ZEITFORMEN.HTM/ 9. HTTP://WWW.USINGENGLISH.COM/
10. HTTP://WWW.ENGLISHCLUB.COM/GRAMMAR/VERB-TENSES_FUTURE.HTM/ 11. HTTP://WWW.LEARNENGLISHFEELGOOD.COM/ 12. HTTP://WWW.1-LANGUAGE.COM/ENGLISHCOURSE/INDEX.HTM/ 13. HTTP://WWW.EGO4U.COM/EN/CRAM-UP/GRAMMAR/ 14. HTTP://WWW.TESTYOURENGLISH.NET/ 15. HTTP://WWW.ENGLISHTENSESWITHCARTOONS.COM/
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Unit 1-4 Present Tenses

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Unit 1-4 Present Tenses

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Tenses in English Grammar

Chapter 1 PRESENT TENSES

Tenses in English Grammar

Positive: Negative: Question:

General truths or facts

Tenses in English Grammar

States (we use it with stative verbs)

Tenses in English Grammar

PRESENT CONTINUOUS (PRESENT PROGRESSIVE)

Tenses in English Grammar

A situation or something that keeps changing or is changing gradually.

To show future meaning

Tenses in English Grammar

Tenses in English Grammar

Comparison Present Simple

Used with adverb of frequency always or constantly to show annoyance/ complaints.

adverb of frequency (. always

Tenses in English Grammar

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

Positive: Negative: Question:

Sub Sub Have/Has

+ have/has + have/has + Sub

e.g. She bought a new bike last week.

present perfect simple

Tenses in English Grammar

Things that started in the past have continued up to now.

Tenses in English Grammar

main verb verb)

Tenses in English Grammar

The postman hasnt come yet.

main verb verb)

Tenses in English Grammar

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Question: Have/has + Sub

tired, smell smoke,

headache and stiff neck

Tenses in English Grammar

present perfect continuous

Present Perfect Simple vs. Present Perfect Continuous

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Action is still happening I have been reading Romeo and Juliet.

Focus on the Result I have read the report.

Tenses in English Grammar

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